再论公民基本权利的宪法保障

近代宪法是在保障公民基本权利的过程中产生的,保障公民的基本权利是宪法的精髓所在。我国现行宪法对生存权、劳动权等公民基本权利保障存在着缺失。完善宪法对公民权利的保障建立宪法诉讼制度、建立违宪审查机制,使公民基本权利得到司法的救助和保障,从而实现和谐社会的建设。     

我国宪法实施中的问题分析

20年的行宪历程，我国宪法在总体上得到了较好的实施，但还存在一些问题，如宪政立法不完备，未设立专门的宪法监督机构等。在我国没有必要建立宪法司法适用制度，解决宪法适用不充分的问题须立足现实，适应中国基本情况，应以促进宪政立法取代法院造法，并促成宪法监督机构的专门化，同时，大力培植公民的宪法信仰，树立宪法应有的权威和尊严，促进宪法的充分实施。     

浅议宪法司法化

随着“齐玉苓案件”的批复出台，宪法司法化作为一个热点话题再次被搬上了法律论坛，不管是名的学，还是政府官员在此都异口同声：中国应该实现宪法司法化。然而，中国的现状是：宪法缺乏在司法上的适用性。作为司法机关的法院缺乏必要的违宪审查权，宪法在法律体系中是处于最高地位的摆设。本从宪法司法化的内涵、意义及其在司法适用上的限制，立足于中国宪法司法化的现状，从中找出原因，并针对其中的问题提出一些尝试性的解决思路，以期能在中国尽早实现宪法司法化。     

浅论我国宪法司法化问题

宪法司法化，不仅得到世界各国的普遍赞同，而且在各国的司法审判中也得到普遍适用，但在我国，作为根本大法的宪法，却不能进入司法程序。作者对产生此现象的原因作了分析，并进一步指出，在以法治国和我国已加入WTO的今天，宪法的司法化已是不可阻挡的历史必然。     

公民基本权利保护现状研究——以谢朝平案为例

公民的基本权利是宪法赋予公民用以对抗国家公权力侵犯的重要手段。世界上大多数国家都在宪法中明确规定了公民的基本权利,但是由于各国政治背景、文化差异等导致公民基本权利的保障水平和力度参差不齐,如何才能更好地保障宪法规定的权利落到实处是各个国家都在致力研究的问题。文章以一则案例入手,结合公民基本权利的限制理论,分析论证案例中主人公依法享有的言论自由、出版自由、监督权等一系列基本权利,并运用公民基本权利的救济理论阐述基本权利的救济方式和途径,从而以一个微小的领域折射出公民基本权利的保护现状。     

未列举基本权利的证成——基于格里斯沃尔德诉康涅狄格州案的分析

未列举权利的证成是一个司法实践的过程，也是一场制度正当性的博弈。格里斯沃尔德诉康涅狄格州案中法官通过援引第九修正案和第十四修正案，发展伴影理论和实质性正当程序理论，运用类推解释的法律解释方法，并诉诸历史和传统、自然权利学说和人权保障基础原理，确证了婚姻领域的隐私权——一项宪法未列举的权利。宪法未列举基本权利之中纠结着解释主义与非解释主义的分野，蕴含着解读宪法乃至司法的不同理念。究其根本，未列举宪法权利证成过程中包含的两难选择是司法审查与民主原则紧张关系的呈现。     

论宪法公民基本权利设定方式的完善

从比较宪法学的角度考察域外宪法公民基本权利设定的方式,并在此基础上分析中国现行宪法在设定公民基本权利上存在的缺陷与不足,提出了改进和完善中国宪法基本权利设定方式的具体规定。     

我国法律援助制度的进一步完善

我国法律援助制度的建立，为宪法和法律赋予公民的基本权利提供了切实的保障，有利于保障人权，实现司法公正；有助于完善社会保障体系，化解社会矛盾，维护社会稳定，根据国际惯例和我国的具体国情，法律援助资金可通过财政拨政，专项提取，社会捐赠等途径获取。     

浅议宪法司法化

随着“齐玉苓案件“的批复出台,宪法司法化作为一个热点话题再次被搬上了法律论坛,不管是著名的学者,还是政府官员在此都异口同声:中国应该实现宪法司法化.然而,中国的现状是:宪法缺乏在司法上的适用性,作为司法机关的法院缺乏必要的违宪审查权,宪法在法律体系中是处于最高地位的摆设.本文从宪法司法化的内涵、意义及其在司法适用上的限制,立足于中国宪法司法化的现状,从中找出原因,并针对其中的问题提出一些尝试性的解决思路,以期能在中国尽早实现宪法司法化.     

试论隐私权的宪法保护

在当今信息社会,人与人之间的联系越来越紧密,与此同时侵犯个人隐私权的现象也越来越普遍。但我国现行的法律对隐私权的保护仅限于部门法范围,主要是通过民法对人格权的保护的方式来实现的,且并未将隐私权作为一项独立的权利进行明文规定。在宪法层面,虽然有关于隐私权的隐性规定,但通过直接适用宪法即宪法司法化来对隐私权进行保护,在我国还没有先例。需将宪法的精神和原则贯彻到部门法中,通过部门法的适用来实现宪法所保障的公民的基本权利和利益,最终实现隐私权的宪法保护。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with