Variable amplification of immunoglobulin lambda light-chain genes in human populations

The human lambda immunoglobulin locus displays a series of restriction fragment length polymorphisms that are readily detected in small populations of normal individuals. Similar polymorphisms appear in populations of wild mice, suggesting that the lambda locus is subject to rapid variation within a single species. Here we show that the polymorphisms seen in the human lambda locus seem to have arisen from unequal meiotic crossing over, altering the number of lambda from as few as six to as many as nine per haploid genome. This expansion and contraction in the number of human lambda genes is significant in that it may affect an individual's capacity to produce variation among lambda light chain genes.     

Clustered arrangement of immunoglobulin lambda constant region genes in man

The immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus of man contains six lambda-like genes arranged tandemly on a 50-kilobase segment of chromosomal DNA. THe sequences of three of these genes correspond to three known non-allelic lambda chain isotypes: Mcg, Ke-Oz- and Ke-Oz+. They surround a highly polymorphic and evidently unstable region that is repeatedly deleted when cloned in Escherichia coli. Three additional, but as yet unlinked, lambda-like sequences have also been cloned, suggesting that the lambda genes form an unexpectedly large family within the human genome.     

Morphogenetic genes C and Nu3 overlap in bacteriophage lambda

In bacteriophage lambda, genes C and Nu3, two of the four cistrons which are essential for normal prohead formation, have overlapping nucleotide sequences. These genes are translated in the same reading frame so that the Nu3 protein is identical to the COOH-terminal one-third of the C protein. This structural relationship may provide for the functional interaction of the C and Nu3 proteins through their regions of structural homology during prohead assembly. The in-phase overlapping organisation of genes may constitute a general strategy to facilitate the mutual interaction of a pair of proteins through their common structural domains.     

瓜氨酸生产相关基因簇在谷氨酸棒杆菌中的组成型表达

构建1种组成型载体并将载体应用在表达瓜氨酸相关基因簇argCJBDF上。通过去除pXMJ19诱导型启动子上游阻遏蛋白lacI基因的方法,构建组成型质粒pXMJ19-lacI,并将谷氨酸棒杆菌中合成瓜氨酸途径的基因簇argCJBDF克隆到改造过的组成型载体中,实现瓜氨酸合成相关基因簇argCJBDF在谷氨酸棒杆菌的组成型表达。结果表明:重组菌在30℃摇瓶发酵72 h后,N-乙酰谷氨酸激酶的酶活达到(0.323±0.015)U/mg,瓜氨酸的产量达到4.33 g/L。成功构建的组成型表达载体,实现了外源基因簇argCJBDF在谷氨酸棒杆菌中的组成型表达。     

外源基因在转基因马铃薯植株中的异常表达

根癌农杆菌感染马铃薯叶盘伤口细胞并进行共培养转化，感染叶盘筛选培养基上可获得卡那霉象抗性的转化愈伤组织，并在转化细胞中检测到ＮＰＴⅡ酶活性，在两种分化培养基上转化愈伤组织的分化率分别为１７％和２０％，ＤＮＡ分子杂交证实以双向载体质粒ＰＰＺＨ１上的ｎｐｔⅡ基因和ｚｅｉｎ－ＨＥＡＡＥ融俣基因均已导入并整合到马铃薯再生植株基因组中，导入的外源基因引起了转基因气生块茎中氨基酸组分的变化，大多数氨基酸含量有     

人tPA基因真核表达质粒载体构建及其生物学功能研究

构建携带组织纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1( )/tPA,并研究其有无生物学活性.用RT-PCR法从人心脏组织中克隆tPA基因并将其克隆至真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1( )中,对pcDNA3.1( )/tPA进行酶切鉴定和测序.脂质体介导pcDNA3.1( )/tPA转染血管平滑肌细胞,分别用Nothern Blot和斑点印迹法从mRNA和蛋白质水平检测tPA的表达,并用纤维蛋白板法测定表达产物的生物学活性.成功克隆了人tPA基因并构建了pcDNA3.1( )/tPA真核表达质粒,pcDNA3.1( )/tPA转染VSMC后,tPA mRNA和蛋白质表达增加,所表达的tPA蛋白质具有纤溶活性.     

Immunodeficiency virus rev trans-activator modulates the expression of the viral regulatory genes

The pathogenic human retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes two trans-acting nuclear proteins, tat and rev, whose functional expression is essential for viral replication in vitro. The tat protein greatly enhances the expression of both structural and regulatory genes of HIV-1 (linked to the viral long-terminal-repeat promoter element), whereas the rev gene product (previously termed art or trs) has only been shown to be required for the synthesis of structural proteins. Here, we demonstrate that rev also moderates the expression of regulatory genes of HIV-1. It decreases the expression of messenger RNAs that encode the full-length form of the viral tat gene product or the rev protein itself, and induces the synthesis of a previously unreported, truncated tat protein. These actions of rev are mediated by a dramatic shift in the ratio of spliced to unspliced cytoplasmic HIV-1 mRNA. Therefore rev not only activates the synthesis of the viral structural proteins, but also modulates the level and quality of HIV-1 regulatory gene expression.     

Characterisation of deletions which affect the expression of fetal globin genes in man.

Deletions in the DNA of individuals with hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH) and 8 beta-thalassaemia have been mapped as a means of identifying regulatory sequences involved in the switch from fetal to adult globin gene expression. The end points of these deletions have been precisely located with respect to restriction endonuclease cleavage sites within and surrounding the gamma-, delta- and beta-globin genes in normal human DNA and the deletion maps were used to obtain definitive evidence for the physical linkage of the fetal and adult beta-like globin genes in the order 5'Ggamma-Agamma-delta-beta 3'. Correlation of haematological data and the location of deletions in two cases of HPFH and one case of deltabeta-thalassaemia suggest that a region of DNA located near the 5'-end of the delta-globin gene may be involved in the suppression in cis of gamma-globin gene expression in adults. The interpretation of a second case of deltabeta-thalassaemia is complicated by the fact that the deletion removes the Agamma-gene in addition to the region near the 5'-end of the delta-globin gene.     

Alternative packing arrangements in the hydrophobic core of lambda repressor

The random alteration of hydrophobic core positions in the N-terminal domain of lambda-repressor, both individually and in combination, shows that there are many ways of repacking the core of the protein. Although the number of functional sequences is limited by constraints on composition, volume and steric interactions, the simple requirement that these positions remain hydrophobic is the main determinant of whether a core sequence is compatible with the wild-type fold.     

Exogenous cAMP upregulates the expression of glnII and glnK-amtB genes in Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021

Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil-borne bacterium that can lead a symbiosis life with leguminous host plants. Successful symbiont establishment requires specific recognition and progressive differentiation of both bac- teria and host cells. Once inside the plant cells of root nodules, the bacteria differentiate into non-dividing cells called bacteroids. Bacteroids obtain carbon source from the plant and, in return, they provide the plant with ammonium, and/or amino acid, as fixed nitrogen. Sign…     

Differential expression of myc family genes during murine development

The myc family of cellular oncogenes contains three known members. The N-myc and c-myc genes have 5'-noncoding exons, strikingly homologous coding regions, and display similar oncogenic potential in an in vitro transformation assay. The L-myc gene is less well characterized, but shows homology to N-myc and c-myc (ref. 6; also see below). c-myc is expressed in most dividing cells, and deregulated expression of this gene has been implicated in the development of many classes of tumours. In contrast, expression of N-myc has been found only in a restricted set of tumours, most of which show neural characteristics; these include human neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). L-myc expression has so far been found only in SCLC. Activated N-myc and L-myc expression has been implicated in oncogenesis; for example, although N-myc expression has been found in all neuroblastomas tested, activated (greatly increased) N-myc expression, resulting from gene amplification, is correlated with progression of the tumour. We now report that high-level expression of N- and L-myc is very restricted with respect to tissue and stage in the developing mouse, while that of c-myc is more generalized. Furthermore, we demonstrate that N-myc is not simply a neuroectoderm-specific gene; both N- and L-myc seem to be involved in the early stages of multiple differentiation pathways. Our findings suggest that differential myc gene expression has a role in mammalian development and that the normal expression patterns of these genes generally predict the types of tumours in which they are expressed or activated.     

Functional expression of HLA-DP genes transfected into mouse fibroblasts

The HLA class II antigens are a highly polymorphic family of dimeric cell-surface glycoproteins, expressed predominantly on the surface of immunocompetent cells. They are intimately involved with the induction of the T-cell response to extrinsic antigen and are important predisposing factors for a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. We describe here the expression of a class II product from the HLA-DP (new WHO nomenclature, formerly SB) subregion after transfer of cloned genes into mouse fibroblasts. The transfected DP antigen is recognized by several HLA class II monoclonal antibodies and, though present in a mouse cell background, is able to function in the presentation of influenza antigen to cloned DP-restricted human T lymphocytes.     

Direct role of the himA gene product in phage lambda integration

The integration of phage lambda into the Escherichia coli chromosome is accomplished by a site-specific recombination between two unique DNA sequences (attB on the bacterial genome and attP on the phage; reviewed in refs 2, 3) and requires proteins encoded by both the bacterium and the phage. Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that bacterial strains mutant in the himA gene, located at 38 min on the E. coli map, are defective in the activity of the host-encoded component. They are, moreover, defective for the growth of bacteriophage Mu, for precise excision of transposable antibiotic resistance determinants and for the synthesis of the lambda int gene product. We now show that the himA gene product (phimA) is not solely a regulator of genes involved in integration but is one of two host polypeptides required for integrative recombination.     

对偶空间的性质

在小波分析的理论中,小波空间结构是很重要的,通过对偶空间的性质进一步研究双正交小波与多分辨分析,得到双正交小波的一些等价条件,这是对H.O.Kim等人的推广.     

Microarray-Based Differential Expression Monitoring of 79 Novel Genes in Human Fetal Tissues

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Y32-315液压机液压控制系统的技术改造

在不增加整个液压系统功率的情况下,对Y32-315型四柱式液压机进行了技术改造,通过采用独具特色的增速缸来获得较快的快降速度和回程速度,缩短了液压机的工作循环时间,提高了生产率,满足了生产线工作节拍的要求。