Variable amplification of immunoglobulin lambda light-chain genes in human populations

The human lambda immunoglobulin locus displays a series of restriction fragment length polymorphisms that are readily detected in small populations of normal individuals. Similar polymorphisms appear in populations of wild mice, suggesting that the lambda locus is subject to rapid variation within a single species. Here we show that the polymorphisms seen in the human lambda locus seem to have arisen from unequal meiotic crossing over, altering the number of lambda from as few as six to as many as nine per haploid genome. This expansion and contraction in the number of human lambda genes is significant in that it may affect an individual's capacity to produce variation among lambda light chain genes.     

Clustered arrangement of immunoglobulin lambda constant region genes in man

The immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus of man contains six lambda-like genes arranged tandemly on a 50-kilobase segment of chromosomal DNA. THe sequences of three of these genes correspond to three known non-allelic lambda chain isotypes: Mcg, Ke-Oz- and Ke-Oz+. They surround a highly polymorphic and evidently unstable region that is repeatedly deleted when cloned in Escherichia coli. Three additional, but as yet unlinked, lambda-like sequences have also been cloned, suggesting that the lambda genes form an unexpectedly large family within the human genome.     

Morphogenetic genes C and Nu3 overlap in bacteriophage lambda

In bacteriophage lambda, genes C and Nu3, two of the four cistrons which are essential for normal prohead formation, have overlapping nucleotide sequences. These genes are translated in the same reading frame so that the Nu3 protein is identical to the COOH-terminal one-third of the C protein. This structural relationship may provide for the functional interaction of the C and Nu3 proteins through their regions of structural homology during prohead assembly. The in-phase overlapping organisation of genes may constitute a general strategy to facilitate the mutual interaction of a pair of proteins through their common structural domains.     

Amplification of immunoglobulin lambda constant genes in populations of wild mice

The lambda immunoglobulin light chain (Ig lambda) locus of BALB/c inbred mice consists of two variable region gene segments (V lambda)1-3, and four constant region gene segments (C lambda)1,2,4,5. Each C lambda gene segment is associated with a unique joining segment (J lambda)2,4-7, and they are organized in two paired units, J3C3-J1C1 and J2C2-J4C4 (refs 4, 8). Using cDNA probes specific for C lambda 1 and C lambda 2 (ref. 9) we have analysed the genomic organization of the C lambda gene segments in wild-derived and inbred strains of mice. Although Southern blots of the genomic DNA of inbred mice show a constant pattern of hybridization, wild-derived mice show a high degree of variation in the number, size and intensity of hybridizing fragments. We have now found that, per haploid genome, mice of a Mus musculus musculus stock isolated from Sladeckovce, Czechoslovakia (CzII) have at least 12 C lambda segments, and mice of a Mus musculus domesticus stock 'Centreville Lights' from Centreville, Maryland (CL) have at least 8 C lambda segments. There appears to have been relatively recent amplifications of the C lambda gene segments in wild mice.     

外源基因在转基因马铃薯植株中的异常表达

根癌农杆菌感染马铃薯叶盘伤口细胞并进行共培养转化，感染叶盘筛选培养基上可获得卡那霉象抗性的转化愈伤组织，并在转化细胞中检测到ＮＰＴⅡ酶活性，在两种分化培养基上转化愈伤组织的分化率分别为１７％和２０％，ＤＮＡ分子杂交证实以双向载体质粒ＰＰＺＨ１上的ｎｐｔⅡ基因和ｚｅｉｎ－ＨＥＡＡＥ融俣基因均已导入并整合到马铃薯再生植株基因组中，导入的外源基因引起了转基因气生块茎中氨基酸组分的变化，大多数氨基酸含量有     

瓜氨酸生产相关基因簇在谷氨酸棒杆菌中的组成型表达

构建1种组成型载体并将载体应用在表达瓜氨酸相关基因簇argCJBDF上。通过去除pXMJ19诱导型启动子上游阻遏蛋白lacI基因的方法,构建组成型质粒pXMJ19-lacI,并将谷氨酸棒杆菌中合成瓜氨酸途径的基因簇argCJBDF克隆到改造过的组成型载体中,实现瓜氨酸合成相关基因簇argCJBDF在谷氨酸棒杆菌的组成型表达。结果表明:重组菌在30℃摇瓶发酵72 h后,N-乙酰谷氨酸激酶的酶活达到(0.323±0.015)U/mg,瓜氨酸的产量达到4.33 g/L。成功构建的组成型表达载体,实现了外源基因簇argCJBDF在谷氨酸棒杆菌中的组成型表达。     

Segmental expression of Hox-2 homoeobox-containing genes in the developing mouse hindbrain

The vertebrate hindbrain develops in a segmental pattern, with distinctive groups of neurons originating from different segments. We report here that members of the Hox-2 cluster of murine homoeobox genes are expressed in segment-specific patterns in the developing hindbrain, with successive genes having boundaries at two-segment intervals. These data indicate that Hox genes specify segment phenotype, a role analogous to that of their Drosophila homologues.     

黑腹果蝇抗真菌肽基因Drs的真核可溶性表达

将黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）抗真菌肽基因Drosomycin（Drs）克隆到pPICZα-A载体中,构建分泌型表达载体pPICZα-A-Drs,转化宿主菌Pichia pastoris X-33.在 AOX1（醇氧化酶）启动子调控下,抗真菌肽DRS成功表达,其分子量约为5 kD.抑菌试验显示,DRS对供试真菌有明显的抑菌活性.采用考马斯亮蓝法测定抗真菌肽的具体表达量,并优化了诱导条件.     

人tPA基因真核表达质粒载体构建及其生物学功能研究

构建携带组织纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1( )/tPA,并研究其有无生物学活性.用RT-PCR法从人心脏组织中克隆tPA基因并将其克隆至真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1( )中,对pcDNA3.1( )/tPA进行酶切鉴定和测序.脂质体介导pcDNA3.1( )/tPA转染血管平滑肌细胞,分别用Nothern Blot和斑点印迹法从mRNA和蛋白质水平检测tPA的表达,并用纤维蛋白板法测定表达产物的生物学活性.成功克隆了人tPA基因并构建了pcDNA3.1( )/tPA真核表达质粒,pcDNA3.1( )/tPA转染VSMC后,tPA mRNA和蛋白质表达增加,所表达的tPA蛋白质具有纤溶活性.     

柳树NAC基因的克隆与表达模式分析

【目的】研究柳树重要抗逆转录因子基因家族,为揭示柳树抗逆分子机制提供理论依据。【方法】以‘苏柳2345’的转录组测序数据为基础,克隆了柳树NAC家族,并分析其序列结构、组织表达特异性以及不同胁迫条件下的表达模式。【结果】克隆的两个柳树NAC转录因子基因分别命名为SlNAC1和SlNAC2。生物信息学分析表明:SlNAC1序列全长为1 126 bp,编码产物含343个氨基酸残基,为稳定的亲水蛋白,定位于细胞核;SlNAC2序列全长为1 139 bp,编码产物含291个氨基酸残基,为稳定的亲水蛋白,定位于叶绿体。两个基因均具有典型的NAM结构域及A、B、C、D、E 5个亚结构域,还包括共同的LPPG、YPNG 和DEE保守基序及NAC抑制结构域。系统进化树分析显示, SlNAC1基因与木薯亲缘关系最近,SlNAC2基因与茄子亲缘关系最近。定量PCR结果显示SlNAC1和SlNAC2均在叶片表达,根中没有表达,为叶片特异性转录因子。定量PCR结果显示SlNAC1基因在脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)处理24 h后显著上调,SlNAC2基因在聚乙二醇(PEG)、ABA和GA胁迫后显著上调。【结论】柳树SlNAC1基因在非生物胁迫下表达较为稳定,受ABA和GA胁迫诱导;SlNAC2受干旱、ABA和GA胁迫诱导,受影响明显高于SlNAC1,不受乙烯剂(ETH)胁迫影响。推测SlNAC1和SlNAC2参与GA、ABA信号传导,可能不参与ETH的信号途径。     

Immunodeficiency virus rev trans-activator modulates the expression of the viral regulatory genes

The pathogenic human retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes two trans-acting nuclear proteins, tat and rev, whose functional expression is essential for viral replication in vitro. The tat protein greatly enhances the expression of both structural and regulatory genes of HIV-1 (linked to the viral long-terminal-repeat promoter element), whereas the rev gene product (previously termed art or trs) has only been shown to be required for the synthesis of structural proteins. Here, we demonstrate that rev also moderates the expression of regulatory genes of HIV-1. It decreases the expression of messenger RNAs that encode the full-length form of the viral tat gene product or the rev protein itself, and induces the synthesis of a previously unreported, truncated tat protein. These actions of rev are mediated by a dramatic shift in the ratio of spliced to unspliced cytoplasmic HIV-1 mRNA. Therefore rev not only activates the synthesis of the viral structural proteins, but also modulates the level and quality of HIV-1 regulatory gene expression.     

Characterisation of deletions which affect the expression of fetal globin genes in man.

Deletions in the DNA of individuals with hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH) and 8 beta-thalassaemia have been mapped as a means of identifying regulatory sequences involved in the switch from fetal to adult globin gene expression. The end points of these deletions have been precisely located with respect to restriction endonuclease cleavage sites within and surrounding the gamma-, delta- and beta-globin genes in normal human DNA and the deletion maps were used to obtain definitive evidence for the physical linkage of the fetal and adult beta-like globin genes in the order 5'Ggamma-Agamma-delta-beta 3'. Correlation of haematological data and the location of deletions in two cases of HPFH and one case of deltabeta-thalassaemia suggest that a region of DNA located near the 5'-end of the delta-globin gene may be involved in the suppression in cis of gamma-globin gene expression in adults. The interpretation of a second case of deltabeta-thalassaemia is complicated by the fact that the deletion removes the Agamma-gene in addition to the region near the 5'-end of the delta-globin gene.     

Alternative packing arrangements in the hydrophobic core of lambda repressor

The random alteration of hydrophobic core positions in the N-terminal domain of lambda-repressor, both individually and in combination, shows that there are many ways of repacking the core of the protein. Although the number of functional sequences is limited by constraints on composition, volume and steric interactions, the simple requirement that these positions remain hydrophobic is the main determinant of whether a core sequence is compatible with the wild-type fold.