天然草场退化原因及综合治理措施

天然草场作为一种自然资源,是人类的宝贵财富,也是草原畜牧业赖以生存和发展的基础。当然,在畜牧业向舍饲、半舍饲方向发展的今天,人们却开始追求“绿色”食品,草原畜牧业独具的“绿色”性和原始性,在人们需求中更表现出了不可替代的地位。然而,     

退耕还草养畜技术研究示范——退耕还草圈养山羊技术研究示范项目总结报告

利用退耕还草地和退耕还林地种植青饲玉米,一年生黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、红豆草、三叶草及菊苣等优良牧草,并合理利用种植的牧草资源,舍饲良种山羊,可获得显著的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。金堂黑山羊属地方优良品种,在我州海拔1500-2200米地区均具有良好的适应性和较强的抗病力,其繁殖力尤为突出,年繁殖力可达200%-900%,平均为326.53%,羔羊成活率79.22%,繁殖成活率为258.68%;生长性能良好,18月龄阉羊胴体重达到28.76±2.9公斤,屠宰率达49.76%。借鉴国内外养羊先进适用技术,建立的《山羊圈养技术规范》,切合我州半农半牧区生态条件和畜牧业生产实际,具有很强适用性、可操作性,属山羊舍饲的适用配套技术。按照20 1的组合模式,建立圈养山羊示范户52户;辐射带动圈养山羊户734户。项目已获得经济效益557.31万元,还可获得经济效益1685.21万元,年平均经济效益为280.32万元,年投资收益率为97.62%。     

山羊羔羊的短期育肥试验

试验选用波尔山羊公羊与贵州白山羊杂交1代羊160日龄去势公羔60只,随机分成舍饲育肥、放牧补饲育肥和放牧育肥组(各20只)3个组,进行50天育肥试验.试验结果:舍饲育肥组平均增重13.15,纯收入73.30元/只;放牧补饲育肥组平均增重8.87kg,纯收入64.83元/只;放牧育肥组平均增重6.61kg,纯收入59.49元/只.经显著性检验,羔羊舍饲育肥组和放牧加补饲的增重均极显著高于放牧育肥组(P<0.01).羔羊舍饲育肥经济效益好.     

栗园草场高油115玉米种植试验示范

务川仡佬族苗族自治县栗园草场属南方三等一级草场。总面积12．08万亩，草场面积10．5万亩，耕地面积1．4万亩，现有5个行政村，33个组，806户农牧户，3224个人口。常年牛、马大牲畜存栏3000—3500头（匹），山羊存栏4000-5000只。由于海拔高，每年冬季常有1—2个月冰雪期，导致草场上部分牛羊冻、饿而死。给农牧民造成损失。为了探索栗园草场草食家畜的发展出路，寻求解决冬季饲草资源不足的途径，2001年，务川畜牧局引进高油115玉米，在栗园草场试验示范种植100亩，利用高油115玉米籽粒收获后，秸秆仍保持青绿，营养含量高的优点，制作青贮饲料，以供牛、羊越冬，取得了成功的经验，为进一步大面积推广奠定了基础。     

协调好山羊生产与生态环境保护的关系

 近几年来 ,我国西北、华北等部分地区频繁发生大面积的扬沙、浮尘和沙尘暴天气 ,给广大人民群众正常的生产和生活带来严重的危害和损失 ,引起了中央有关部门和社会各界的高度重视和密切关注。沙尘暴发生的主要原因是什么？有相当一部分人认为 :羊多为患 ,超载过牧 ,加速了草地荒漠化过程 ,是形成西北、华北等地区春季频繁发生沙尘暴的主要原因。于是 ,在西北、华北 ,甚至在全国掀起了一股规模不小的声讨山羊“罪行”的浪潮 ,什么 ,山羊“吃草刨根 ,破坏草场” ,山羊“啃食林木幼枝嫩叶 ,破坏植树造林” 。     

协调好山羊生产与生态环境保护的关系

近几年来 ,我国西北、华北等部分地区频繁发生大面积的扬沙、浮尘和沙尘暴天气 ,给广大人民群众正常的生产和生活带来严重的危害和损失 ,引起了中央有关部门和社会各界的高度重视和密切关注。沙尘暴发生的主要原因是什么？有相当一部分人认为 :羊多为患 ,超载过牧 ,加速了草地荒漠化过程 ,是形成西北、华北等地区春季频繁发生沙尘暴的主要原因。于是 ,在西北、华北 ,甚至在全国掀起了一股规模不小的声讨山羊“罪行”的浪潮 ,什么 ,山羊“吃草刨根 ,破坏草场” ,山羊“啃食林木幼枝嫩叶 ,破坏植树造林” ;昔日“风吹草低见牛羊”的内蒙古大草…     

美姑县巴普黑山羊血液生化指标测定

本文对凉山州美姑县巴普黑山羊血液中血磷、血钙、胆固醇等10项指标进行了测定。结果表明：母羊血液胆固醇含量显著高于公羊（P〈0．05）,其它9项指标公母羊差异不显著（P〉0．05）。血糖、血磷、血钙、血中氯化物、总胆固醇、GPT均高于国内外山羊测定值的变异范围。     

凉山州荞麦田杂草调查

通过对凉山州荞麦田杂草的种类、分布及危害进行调查,结果表明凉山州荞麦田荞麦地杂草据不完全统计有22科59种。双子叶杂草的辣子草、酸模叶蓼、尼泊尔蓼、凹头苋、三叶鬼针草、荠菜、繁缕、藜和单子叶杂草的马唐、光头稗、鸭跖草是凉山州荞麦田的优势种群。     

干旱河谷地区种草养羊的意义和措施

干旱河谷地区海拔高、沟壑深,年均降雨量在500毫米左右,天然牧草低矮稀疏、可食部分少。农户有传统的养羊习惯,但存栏率高出栏率低,经济效益不显著。而人为的过度放牧、滥伐和开采,加速了天然草场的退化,生态环境变的十分脆弱。本文阐述了缓解人畜与生态环境的矛盾,除科学规划有序开发外,推行种草养羊舍饲圈养是保护生态环境、实现可持续发展,促进农民增收的一条重要途径。     

科尔沁改良草场土壤全碳、全氮空间分布

以科尔沁盐碱地改良草场为研究对象,采用经典统计学与地统计学相结合的方法,研究退化草场改良5年和改良1年后土壤全碳和全氮的含量变化及空间分布特征。结果表明,改良1年退化草场土壤全碳和全氮含量高于改良5年的退化草场,其中土壤全氮含量二者差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);与改良5年退化草场相比,改良1年土壤全碳和全氮的基台值和空间相关度较小,而变程和分数维较大,说明改良1年退化草场土壤全碳和全氮空间变异性小于改良5年退化草场。克里格制图直观地反映了不同改良年限土壤全碳和全氮的空间结构差异,这种差异可能与草地翻耕和自然植被恢复有关。为此,建议采取牧草还田或施加化肥来提高土壤肥力和保护草场改良工程的实施效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with