腐胺对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗根中活性氧代谢的影响

以小麦(T.aestivm L.)“陇春23号”为实验材料,测定了外源腐胺(Put)对NaCl胁迫条件下,小麦根细胞的膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、活性氧(ROS)的含量、抗氧化酶活性,结果表明外源Put处理使NaCl胁迫下小麦根中细胞膜透性降低,MDA含量减少,抗氧化酶(CAT,SOD,APX,POD)的活性升高,O2-的产生减少,但H2O2的含量升高.进一步测定二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活性,结果DAO和PAO的活性升高,表明外源腐胺能通过提高抗氧化酶的活性减轻NaCl对小麦根的氧化伤害,但H2O2在此实验中不是对小麦根起伤害作用,可能作为信号分子起作用.     

高温高压CO2/原油界面张力及对驱油效率影响

在油藏温度下,采用ADSA(axisymmetric drop shape analysis)技术测定了不同压力下CO_2/原油动态界面张力和平衡界面张力。界面张力实验发现:原油与超临界CO_2接触的初始阶段存在强烈的扩散作用,原油中的轻质组分被超临界CO_2溶解抽提,并且随着压力的增加,这种溶解抽提作用增强;实验压力范围内,动态界面张力经过25~50 s左右可以达到一稳定值,当P≤19.998 MPa时,动态界面张力曲线波动较大,而当P≥19.998 MPa时,动态界面张力曲线基本保持不变。驱替实验结果表明:CO_2原油体系的平衡界面张力与气驱采收率之间存在关联关系:(1)随着压力升高,体系的平衡界面张力降低,气体突破时的驱油效率和气驱最终驱油效率升高;(2)压力增加到一定值后,体系平衡界面张力降低幅度减小,两种驱油效率增加的幅度也减小;(3)随着压力升高,气驱最终驱油效率与气体突破时的驱油效率之差增大。     

Programmed cell death features in apple suspension cells under low oxygen culture

Suspension-cultured apple fruit cells (Malus pumila Mill. cv. Braeburn) were exposed to a low oxygen atmosphere to test whether programmed cell death (PCD) has a role in cell dysfunction and death under hypoxic conditions. Protoplasts were prepared at various times after low oxygen conditions were established, and viability tested by triple staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA), propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst33342 (HO342). DNA breakdown and phosphatidylserine exposure on the plasma membrane were observed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and annexin V binding. About 30% of protoplasts from cells after 48 h under low oxygen showed an increased accumulation of HO342, indicating increased membrane permeability. Positive TUNEL and annexin V results were also only obtained with protoplasts from cells under low oxygen. The results suggest that apple celi death under low oxygen is at least partially PCD mediated, and may explain tissue breakdown under controlled atmosphere (low oxygen) conditions in apple fruit.     

纳米线高应变率拉伸超塑性

应用分子动力学方法,采用嵌入势EAM与Buckingham势,对金属Cu、半导体化合物CuInSe2和陶瓷化合物MgO纳米线进行拉伸模拟,考察其拉伸应力-应变曲线,并分析拉伸过程中的结构变化.发现当以高于临界应变率的速率对纳米线进行拉伸时,纳米线由脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变,且其延伸率可以超过100%,表现出超塑性的特性,而以较低应变率拉伸时,纳米线仍然表现为脆性断裂,这表明纳米线材料的超塑性对于应变率高度敏感.通过观察纳米线在拉伸过程中的结构变化,发现高应变率拉伸时由于CuInSe2与Cu纳米线晶体结构发生非晶化,在这一转变过程中大量能量被吸收,因而导致其塑性变好.而MgO纳米线则发生面心立方结构向环形结构的相变,相变的发生同样导致了能量的吸收,从而使其塑性大大改善.     

Experimental measurement of the electrical conductivity of single crystal olivine at high temperature and high pressure under different oxygen fugacities

At 1.0?4.0 GPa and 1123?1473 K and under oxygen fugacity-controlled conditions (Ni+NiO, Fe+Fe₃O₄, Fe+FeO and Mo+MoO₂ buffers), a YJ-3000t Model six-anvil solid high-pressure apparatus and a Sarltron-1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase analyzer were employed to conduct an in situ measurement of the electrical conductivity of single crystal olivine. Experimental results showed that: (1) within the range of experimentally selected frequencies (10³?10⁶ Hz), the electrical conductivity of the sample is of great dependence on the frequency; (2) with the rise of temperature (T), the electrical conductivity (σ) will increase, and the Arrenhius linear relationship is established between lgσ and 1/T; (3) under the control of oxygen buffer Fe+Fe₃O₄, with the rise of pressure, the electrical conductivity tends to decrease whereas the activation enthalpy and independent-of-temperature preexponential factor tend to increase, with the activation energy and activation volume of the sample estimated at (1.25±0.08) eV and (0.105±0.025) cm³/mol, respectively; (4) under given pressure and temperature conditions, the electrical conductivity tends to increase whereas the activation energy tends to decrease with increasing oxygen fugacity; and (5) the mechanism of electrical conduction of small polarons can provide insight into the behavior of electrical conduction of olivine under high pressure and high temperature.     

中高孔隙率泡沫金属材料常数的细观统计特性与拉伸本构关系

Gibson-Ashby单元模型成功地用于高孔隙率的开孔泡沫金属材料的弹性模量和屈服应力的预测,但基于该模型的破坏强度(应变)公式尚未建立,而在拉伸等条件下,泡沫金属的细观结构破坏对材料性质产生重大影响.本文重点研究在拉伸条件下Gibson-Ashby单元的破坏模式,通过综合考虑单元内水平梁的弯曲和立柱拉伸综合效应,建立起更一般性的泡沫金属材料单元的弹性模量、屈服应力(应变)公式.并且应用塑性铰长度的概念,成功地推导出单元的破坏应变.进而用单元结构几何参数的概率分布来表征泡沫金属的细观非均匀性,从而分别推导出了开孔泡沫金属单元材料参数的概率分布函数,并以此建立了涵盖支持中、高孔隙率泡沫金属的拉伸本构关系.通过对单元弹性模量、屈服应变与破坏应变的概率分布分析,指出它们的概率分布均存在近似的但不相互独立的等效Weibull分布,这说明在研究材料常数的细观统计特性时,有必要考虑材料的细观变形和破坏特性.     

Allowable variation of cold-rolled strip transverse profiles in high tension

The formation mechanism of the cold-rolled strip shape with high tension was studied. An advanced method to calculate the allowable variation of strip transverse profiles was established by the strip buckling criterion, which can be more properly used in cold rolling. With this method, the aim allowable variation of the product strip transverse profile and the required transverse profile range of incoming strips can be reached. Besides, this method has been successfully applied in a domestic tandem cold mill, and the transverse profile range of incoming strips suggested with this method is more practicable and complete. Consequently, the good performance is acquired.     

深部高应力软岩巷道矿压显现规律研究

在对石嘴山一矿38区＋600m轨道巷围岩收敛变形和矿山压力进行现场监测的基础上，利用线性回归得到巷道表面相对移近速度，分析并总结了深部高应力软岩巷道矿压显现规律，对引起巷道破坏的主要原因进行探讨，并提出采用不对称的锚网索复合支护形式，为类似软岩巷道的支护设计提供科学依据。     

Reduction behavior and kinetics of vanadium-titanium sinters under high potential oxygen enriched pulverized coal injection

In this work, the reduction behavior of vanadium-titanium sinters was studied under five different sets of conditions of pulverized coal injection with oxygen enrichment. The modified random pore model was established to analyze the reduction kinetics. The results show that the reduction rate of sinters was accelerated by an increase of CO and H₂ contents. Meanwhile, with the increase in CO and H₂ contents, the increasing range of the medium reduction index (MRE) of sinters decreased. The increasing oxygen enrichment ratio played a diminishing role in improving the reduction behavior of the sinters. The reducing process kinetic parameters were solved using the modified random role model. The results indicated that, with increasing oxygen enrichment, the contents of CO and H₂ in the reducing gas increased. The reduction activation energy of the sinters decreased to between 20.4 and 23.2 kJ/mol.     

干涉预应力及其在拉伸大载下的变化规律

借助于莫尔方法 ,对厚度 3mm,干涉量 3.1 %情况下的航空用硬铝合金L Y1 2 CZ板销钉干涉配合预应力及其在 35 %σ0 .2 ,6 0 %σ0 .2 ,6 8%σ0 .2 的拉伸载荷下的变化规律进行了实验研究 .研究显示 ,在 3.1 %干涉水平下 ,干涉配合适宜在中等及其以下的拉载环境中工作 ;当载荷水平等于或大于 6 8% σ0 .2 时 ,预应力的稳定性较差 ,不利于抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生