核壳结构聚合物乳胶粒的制备与表征

选用苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯为聚合单体,改变乳化剂和引发剂用量,制备粒径分布较窄的苯丙乳液.以此为种子胶乳,选用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸乙酯(EA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为第2步聚合单体,分别采用批量法和半连续滴加法,制备出具有核壳结构且性能稳定的乳胶粒乳液.通过粒径分析和透射电镜,测试和比较分析两种乳胶粒粒径和形貌...     

基于Minitab的苯丙乳液合成影响因素分析及方案优化

该文利用Minitab软件中的Plackett-Burman、Box-Benhnken和响应优化器设计和优化苯丙乳液合成实验,综合分析了影响苯丙乳液合成的因素,获得了较优的合成方案.首先利用Plackett-Burman设计实验方案并分析实验数据,筛选出影响苯丙乳液合成的3个主要因素:乳化剂用量、功能单体用量、引发剂用量.然后利用Box-Benhnken设计实验,用响应优化器优化实验结果得到较优的合成方案:苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯单体的质量配比为1∶1,转速220r/min,反应温度75℃,乳化剂、功能单体和引发剂质量分数分别为1.04％,1.85％,0.47％.用合成的苯丙乳液与阴离子淀粉配制成表面施胶液施胶复印纸原纸,施胶纸张平均Cobb值达22.6 g/m2.实验结果表明,与其他合成方案相比,用Minitab优化方案合成的苯丙乳液施胶效果最好,其各项性能的预测值与实验平均值拟合度达98.26％ ～98.72％.     

NP/DBS混合乳化剂对苯丙乳液性能的影响

分别采用丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯作为软硬单体，NP和DBS的混合乳化剂作为乳化体系，采用过硫酸钾作为引发剂，并引入功能性单体甲基丙烯酸，用半连续种子乳液聚合工艺来制备苯丙乳液．在聚合过程中改变加入的乳化剂量．研究了乳化剂对苯丙乳液的平均粒径、稳定性、吸水率、粘度和流变性等性质的影响．研究结果表明随着乳化剂用量的增大，乳液胶粒的平均粒径减小，而乳液的粘度和胶膜的吸水率却增大．乳液的稳定性受乳化剂中非离子乳化剂和阴离子乳化剂的质量配比影响较大，而乳液的流变性则与乳化剂的浓度无关．并对乳化剂对乳液性质的影响原因进行解释和分析．因此，在制备不同用途的苯丙乳液时，必须要严格控制乳化剂的浓度及配比．     

低热封包装材料用丙烯酸酯乳液的合成研究

针对双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)包装材料,制备低热封丙烯酸乳液涂层材料.通过考察聚合工艺,调节单体比例、乳化剂、引发剂及其用量,测定乳液性能.研究结果表明:以十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)作为乳化剂,其适中的质量分数为0.5%,以质量分数为0.5%的过硫酸铵作为引发剂,软硬单体按质量比为1∶1混合,进一步加入质量分数为2%的功能性单体丙烯酸(AA),所制备的乳液稳定性较好,成膜性优异,热封强度达到2.64 N/cm,大大超过现有市场产品的性能.     

乙烯基单体乳液接枝改性氯丁胶乳的制备及其机理

采用乳液聚合法,使用氧化还原引发剂,将乙烯基单体(甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯,即MMA和St)接枝到氯丁胶乳上,研究了乳化体系、引发体系、单体/聚合物质量比及单体组成、反应温度对单体转化率、接枝效率等的影响,并进一步分析了乳液接枝机理.结果表明,MMA和St接枝改性氯丁胶乳的最佳工艺条件为:聚合温度50℃,反应时间5.5h,引发剂叔丁基过氧化氢-四乙烯五胺占氯丁胶乳干重的0.5%,单体/聚合物质量比为3:5,MMA与St质量比为3:2,单体以滴加方式加入,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠用量占单体总重1.5%.在此条件下,单体转化率可达99.6%,接枝效率为54.9%.红外光谱和凝胶含量分析证明MMA和St接枝到氯丁胶乳主链上.该条件下合成的接枝共聚物乳液配制成的胶粘剂对PVC人造革、SBS橡胶、海绵等具有良好的粘接性能.接枝反应活性点在氯丁胶乳胶粒的表面,接枝过程是一个表面控制过程.     

长链疏水改性苯丙共聚物乳液的合成及固沙性能

以苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为硬单体,丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为软单体,丙烯酸十八酯(SA)为功能单体,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为复合乳化剂,采用种子乳液聚合,制备了长链疏水改性苯丙共聚物乳液,采用氢核磁共振(1H NMR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)等对共聚物进行表征并研究其固沙性能. 结果表明:当乳化剂SDS与OP-10的质量比为1 ∶ 1,亲油亲水平衡值(HLB)为27.50时,乳液最稳定,平均粒径为1.423 μm,乳液分散指数(TSI)为0.413. 丙烯酸十八酯质量分数为3%(占单体总质量的比例)时,聚合物热分解温度约为340 ℃,胶膜硬度达到3 H,吸水率降低至3.25%,水接触角提高至78.6°. 改性苯丙共聚物乳液作为固沙剂使用,当固沙剂固含量(质量分数)为15%、添加量为5 g/cm3时,沙柱的无侧限抗压强度为118.32 kPa、内聚强度为16.53 kPa、内摩擦角为8.68°,沙盘的相对冲刷保留率为98.2%,相对风蚀保留率为100%.     

外墙隔热涂料用复合苯丙乳液的研制

目的制备具有高反射率的隔热外墙涂料,以降低室内温度,满足节能减排的要求.方法将Ti O_2粉体作为无机组分,制备具有较高反射率的复合苯丙乳液,进而制备具有高反射率的隔热外墙涂料.结果乳化剂质量分数为2.5%、引发剂质量分数为0.3%、温度为80~85℃、丙烯酸质量分数为3%、软硬单体m(BA)∶m(St)为1∶1、搅拌速度为600 r/min时,合成的复合苯丙乳液的转化率达到了53%,乳液的粒径相对最小,并且乳液的机械稳定性较好.结论当添加的Ti O_2质量分数为0.4%时,用此复合苯丙乳液制备的外墙隔热涂料,反射率较高,隔热效果好.     

水性预交联聚丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂的合成研究

通过预交联技术合成出水性聚丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂.研究了交联单体、功能单体、乳化剂和引发剂对聚合反应的影响.结果表明,交联单体的选择及用量是预交联技术的关键;功能单体对胶乳粒子大小及分布有较大影响;用阴/非离子复配的乳化剂能使聚合体系达到较好的稳定性;引发剂为单体总量的0.6%.     

压裂用疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺稠化剂的制备与表征

采用反相乳液法、氧化还原引发体系,合成了压裂用两性聚丙烯酰胺稠化剂.应用FT-IR初步表征了产品的结构.研究发现,当引发剂质量分数为0.8%(对单体),乳化剂质量分数为10%(对油相),m(油)∶m(水)为1.4∶1.0,聚合反应温度为40℃,单体n(AM)∶n(DMC)∶n(AA)为1.0∶0.6∶0.3,制得的两性聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量可达528万.     

聚丙烯薄膜用高耐水白丙烯酸酯压敏胶的合成研究

本文以丙烯酸类单体为主要原料,通过半连续聚合工艺,合成了聚丙烯薄膜用高耐水白丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶,考察了聚合型乳化剂、引发剂、种子乳液及内外交联单体用量乳液及压敏胶性能的影响。综合乳液性能及压敏胶性能得出:当反应型乳化剂SR-10/X-209=1:1用量为2.5%、引发剂用量为0.6%、种子乳液用量为3%,内交联单体为乙酰乙酸基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(AAEM)用量(占总单体总量)为0.5%、外交联单体为Silok627用量(下同)不超0.5%时所制备的压敏胶在聚丙烯薄膜上的粘结性能适中且具有优异的耐水白性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that