BASIC智能化推理结构软件机理

本文提出一种BASIC设计型的推理结构软件,它摸仿人们的设计思维过程,通过人机对话和自动演绎推理,以获得设计者预想的结果。     

析取推理中的前提语义加工

本研究运用三种不同情境内容的可兼析取和不可兼析取共6种大前提,加上肯定和否定两种形式的小前提,构成12个演绎推理题,对103名大学生进行了测试,以检验Johson-Laird(1992)提出的演绎推理的新模式理论.结果证明,大学生的推理并不符合新模式理论的预测.本研究就被试在演绎推理中如何对前提进行语义加工的问题进行了讨论.     

命题逻辑推理问题的代数化求解

数理逻辑对命题逻辑推理问题的处理采用的是公理化的形式演绎推理体系,该方法虽严密、可靠,但它对人的知识水平以及形式化、抽象化能力要求较高.因此,本文用初等代数方式把命题逻辑的演绎推理转化为方程组的计算求解,通过求解方程实现命题逻辑的演绎推理.首先用方程组表示命题逻辑推理中的前提,然后利用数学软件求解,最后把结果转化为要推导的结论,进而实现了命题逻辑推理的代数化求解.实例表明:在计算机技术的支持下,该方法是可靠、有效的.     

几何画板探究性学习中归纳、演绎的平衡与统一

探讨几何画板探索性学习中实验归纳和演绎推理的平衡与统一.     

演绎推理与生物教学

现代科学知识体系的构建都是基于归纳推理、演绎推理之上的 ,然而无论是基础教育还是社会实践以及科学研究方面 ,人们是侧重于归纳推理思维方法 ,而往往忽视演绎推理的思维方法 ,为此就演绎推理这一方法在中学生物教学中的作用进行探讨。     

几何画板探究性学习中归纳、演绎的平衡与统一

探讨几何画板探索性学习中实验归纳和演绎推理的平衡与统一.     

9~14岁儿童概率认知与四类认知的关系研究

以622名9~14岁儿童为被试,考察概率认知与一般认知、排列认知、组合认知及演绎推理认知的关系.结果表明,4类认知与概率认知在发展阶段上存在一致性,大都经历了缓慢发展(9~10岁)、快速发展(11~12岁)、停滞发展/倒退发展(13~14岁)3个阶段.组合认知对概率认知的影响最大,一般认知和演绎推理认知的影响次之,排列认知的影响不显著.一般认知、组合认知、演绎推理认知对5个概率任务均有显著影响,而排列认知的影响未达显著.     

重新认识证明的价值与推理的功能

培养学生的演绎推理与合情推理能力,寻找演绎推理与合情推理的平衡点是一项艰巨而长期的任务,合情推理产生新知识,演绎推理能证明所提出理论并发现以前的错误。证明能力是学生独立思考能力的核心。推理的功能主要是促进思维和理解。     

对逻辑演绎推理在数学解题中的理解

通过具体实例,阐述对逻辑演绎推理在解决数学命题方面的理解,说明论证问题不能凭人们的感性经验,而需要有理有据的逻辑演绎推理步骤,进一步说明演绎是数学的基础。     

前提虚假形式有效的演绎推理其结论一定是假的吗?

前提虚假形式有效的演绎推理其结论不一定是虚假的,也可以是真的。但要作具体分析。更准确的回答应当是:某些形式有效的演绎推理,前提虚假结论一定虚假;某些形式有效的演绎推理其前提虚假结论却可真可假。 演绎推理是必然性推理,前提蕴涵结论,即如果形式有效,由真实的前提必然推出真实的结论;而如果结论虚假,好么该推理或者形式无效,或者存在虚假前提。这一点,大家的认识是明确的一致的。但是,一个形式有效的演绎推理,其前提是虚假的,结论是否一定是虚假的呢?对这个问题曾经有过不同回答。一种意见认为:“虚假的前提和正确的形式结构相结合所得出的结论也可真可假。”(《逻辑问题讨论续     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with