具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

转杯纺假捻盘作用现状研究

介绍了转杯纺假捻盘对纱线加捻过程影响作用的研究现状,分析和评价了几项比较具有代表性的研究,说明了假捻盘在转杯纺纱加捻过程中具有假捻、阻捻或捻陷作用的不同观点及其相应的分析方法,并对今后分析假捻盘在转杯纺加捻过程中作用的研究思路提出了建议。     

粗粒料颗粒破碎特性研究述评

从颗粒破碎的度量指标、影响因素、对土体强度特性的影响和本构模型4方面对粗粒料在高应力条件下的颗粒破碎特性研究进展进行评述,并就其中存在的问题进行探讨,指出今后的研究方向:分形理论在颗粒破碎度量中的应用;初始应力状态对颗粒破碎率的影响;土体结构性对颗粒破碎的影响;土体尺寸效应对颗粒破碎的影响;考虑微观力学机理的颗粒破碎本构模型。     

新老混凝土粘结收缩性能研究

通过新老混凝土粘结试件的试验研究与理论分析,提出了约束收缩的力学模型,可以计算出粘结界面处的约束力以及粘结试件横截面的应力分布,二者随时间增长而增长,到新混凝土收缩停止时达到最大,粘结试件横截面的各点应变基本符号及曲线形式。     

结晶紫（C．V）吸附在腐蚀银片上的SERS

结晶紫（Ｃ．Ｖ）吸附在腐蚀银片上的ＳＥＲＳ刘社文，郇宜贤，张鹏翔，李秀英，傅石友（郑州大学分析测试中心，郑州４３００００；陕西师范大学物理学系，西安７１００６２；北京中国科学院物理研究所，北京１０００８２；大庆石油学院基础课部，大庆１１４０００；第一...     

债权人行使代位权的效果归属

合同法对债权人行使代位权的效果未作规定,但最高人民法院的司法解释却扩充了合同法关于代位权效力的规定,由此引发了民法学界的种种争论。目前,关于代位权行使的效力,有入库规则说、平均分配说、优先受偿说等几种观点。行使代位权的债权人之债权可分为债权人在行使代位权之前的原有债权和债权人因行使代位权支出必要费用而享有的新债权两部分,对于原有债权和新债权,在不同情形下,可采取不同的清偿规则,从而使债权人行使代位权的效果归属动态化。     

横缝间隙对拱坝应力状态的影响分析

考虑拱坝分期施工过程,采用常刚度加速迭代算法研究了横缝间隙对小湾拱坝应力状态的影响．对灌浆后横缝没有间隙和存在0．5mm的间隙两种情况进行的对比计算和分析结果表明,横缝间隙的存在对坝体应力分布规律的影响不大,但对应力的大小有较大影响,即坝体上游面拉应力大小和拱冠梁底部拉应力范围均有明显增大．     

新疆哈密市维吾尔族指毛的分布

调查了哈密市维吾尔族524人(年龄16～50岁,男287,女237)的手指指毛分布。结果表明远侧指节不生指毛,近侧和中间指节均生有指毛。左右手同手指毛分布基本对称,每指两侧指毛分布不对称。维吾尔族人中间指节指毛出现率低于白种人,高于印度人、日本人、尼日利亚人和我国藏族人、汉族人、壮族人。男性指毛出现率高于女性。     

新《律师法》与《刑事诉讼法》衔接的相关问题研究

就新的《律师法》在会见权、阅卷权、调查取证权、执业豁免权等方面的修改后超越或者突破《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的相关规定进行了深入的探讨,对两法之间存在着位阶关系和律师权利如何对接等问题提出了不同看法。这些问题的明确对《律师法》的实施有所裨益。     

流动沸腾中加热面方向角对其换热影响的分析

在地面上模拟微重力下流动沸腾换热规律的试验中,加热面布置形式是极其重要的一个环节,方向的不同就意味着地球重力场对流动沸腾换热作用的变化．在浮力对不同方向角下流动沸腾换热影响分析的基础上,提出了采用立式上升流和下降流来作为地面模拟微重力下流动沸腾试验的加热面布置形式,通过对这两种工况的比较研究可以典型地说明重力场对流动沸腾换热的影响．     

软输出维特比译码器结构优化

分析Turbo Code的软输出维特比（SOVA）译码器的结构优化方法,首先简介了SOVA译码原理,然后从两方面讨论SOVA算法的硬件实现的优化问题：一是讨论硬件结构的比特级优化结构,提高译码速度;二是在算法级将代数环的理论引入到算法的分析中,将实数环上的非线性运算转换成另一个歪上的线性运算,从而简化译码器结构,提高译码速度。