快速均匀沉淀法制备纳米微粒ZnS

采用快速均匀沉淀法在水相体系中制备纳米微粒ZnS．快速均匀沉淀法是利用酸度、温度对反应物解离的影响,在一定条件下制得含有所需反应物的稳定前体溶液,通过迅速改变溶液的酸度、温度来促使颗粒大量生成,并借助表面活性剂防止颗粒团聚,从而获得均匀分散纳米颗粒,它具有均匀性较好、沉淀快速、冷却迅速的特点．以硫代乙酰胺（CH3CSNH2,简称TAA）和硝酸锌（Zn（NO3）2）为反应前驱体,用一定量的浓HNO3调节pH为1～2,用0.45μm的微孔膜过滤,恒温陈化一段时间成核后,将该起始溶液迅速倒入含有表面活性剂OP的冷氨水中（氨水预冷至0～2℃）,混合完毕后再继续轻微搅拌5min左右,浑浊一段时间,离心分离并用蒸馏水、乙醇等多次洗涤,得到无团聚、粒度分布窄、粒径为30～40nm的球形ZnS微粒．对纳米微粒ZnS进行了红外光谱、荧光光谱分析,结果表明该微粒无红外吸收,在激发波长为290nm时,荧光发射峰在350nm处;该法具有实验简单、操作方便、产率高、制得的纳米微粒粒径均一等特点．     

纳米TiO2的制备、表征及其表面光电性能研究

采用均匀沉淀和直接沉淀2种方法合成了纳米TiO2,对所得产物进行了透射电镜和粒度分布的测试．结果表明：均匀沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2粒度分布均匀,团聚少,并且粒径较小,大约在20nm左右,基本呈球形;直接沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2粒度分布不够均匀,团聚现象比较严重,有较大颗粒存在,粒径在40nm左右,近似呈球形．对均匀沉淀法制得的TiO2前驱物采用不同的灼烧温度和灼烧时间,得到了不同晶型和粒径的TiO2粉体．对相同灼烧温度、不同灼烧时间的TiO2进行了XRD测试．并从均匀沉淀法制备的不同粒径的金红石型纳米TiO2中选取3种不同粒径的样品,进行了表面光电压测试和分析．     

纳米SnO2/TiO2复合光催化材料的制备

利用均匀沉淀法制备纳米SnO2/TiO2复合光催化材料,考察了操作参数如pH值、水解反应温度、反应物浓度、水解反应时间对粒子制备过程的影响.当SnCl4浓度为2.0×10-2mol/l、尿素浓度为1.2 mol/l、起始pH值为0.94、反应温度为85±1 ℃、反应时间为4 h时,经600 ℃煅烧2 h获得的SnO2/TiO2颗粒的粒径为25～35 nm、单分散性较好,由锐钛矿相TiO2和四方晶系SnO2组成;该颗粒作为光催化剂处理活性艳红X-3B溶液,其活性高于纯纳米TiO2颗粒和SnO2颗粒.     

离子交换均匀沉淀法合成纳米CeO 2研究

以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O、Na2CO3为原料,采用新型弱酸性阳离子交换树脂均匀沉淀法制备CeO2前驱体,经500℃焙烧1～4h后获得了高纯度的纳米CeO2晶体.用热重分析、X射线衍射、扫描和透射电子显微镜等对前驱体和样品的形貌和粒径分布进行了表征,并对涉及的均匀沉淀机理进行了探讨.结果表明,制备的CeO2纳米晶体属立方晶系,样品分散性好,平均粒径为30～50nm.离子交换树脂均匀沉淀法具有操作简单易行,成本低,同时避免使用有机溶剂和表面活性剂,污染小,后处理容易,离子交换树脂可再生重复使用等优点.     

以尿素为沉淀剂制备纳米γ-Al2O3粉体

以尿素、硝酸铝为原料,在回流条件下采用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米级的γ-Al2O3粉体.以XRD、TEM、傅立叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)等测试手段,对纳米级Al2O3的粉体结构和形貌进行了表征及研究.结果表明,当前驱体加热到1000 ℃可得到10 nm左右的γ-Al2O3,并对均匀沉淀法形成纳米氧化铝的机理进行了探讨.     

纳米SnO_2/TiO_2复合光催化材料的制备

利用均匀沉淀法制备纳米 Sn O2 / Ti O2 复合光催化材料 ,考察了操作参数如 p H值、水解反应温度、反应物浓度、水解反应时间对粒子制备过程的影响 .当 Sn Cl4浓度为 2 .0× 10 - 2 mol/ l、尿素浓度为 1.2 mol/ l、起始 p H值为0 .94、反应温度为 85± 1℃、反应时间为 4h时 ,经 6 0 0℃煅烧 2 h获得的 Sn O2 / Ti O2 颗粒的粒径为 2 5～ 35 nm、单分散性较好 ,由锐钛矿相 Ti O2 和四方晶系 Sn O2 组成 ;该颗粒作为光催化剂处理活性艳红 X- 3B溶液 ,其活性高于纯纳米 Ti O2 颗粒和 Sn O2 颗粒 .     

纳米金红石型二氧化钛粉末的研制

以硫酸法制备钛白粉工艺的中间产物--钛液为原料,采用均匀沉淀法,外加自制晶种为金红石化促进剂,以十二烷基磺酸钠为表面活性剂,尿素为沉淀剂,制备纳米金红石型二氧化钛粒子;研究了反应物浓度、反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间等对粒子粒径及产物收率的影响;利用TEM,XRD,BET,ICP-AES等分析测试技术,对粉体粒子的形貌、粒径、晶型、比表面积和纯度进行表征.研究结果表明所得二氧化钛粒子为金红石型,形貌呈球形,平均粒径达80 nm,产品纯度达99.95%;该制备技术工艺新,生产成本低,工艺操作简单,易于实现工业化,便于用硫酸法生产钛白的厂家在原有工艺基础上对中间产品进行深加工.     

以尿素为沉淀剂制备纳米λ-Al2O3粉体

以尿素、硝酸铝为原料，在回流条件下采用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米级的λ-Al2O3粉体．以XRD、TEM、傅立叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)等测试手段，对纳米级Al2O3的粉体结构和形貌进行了表征及研究．结果表明，当前驱体加热到1000℃可得到10nm左右的λ-Al2O3，并对均匀沉淀法形成纳米氧化铝的机理进行了探讨．     

超声波强化均匀沉淀法制备纳米TiO2

为了改善纳米TiO2的分散性能和细化其颗粒尺寸,采用超声波强化均匀沉淀法制备纳米TiO2.首先以工业级硫酸氧钛为原料,用均匀沉淀法制备纳米TiO2,通过对比试验来反映超声波对于制备纳米TiO2的影响.然后采用BET比表面积与孔隙度分析、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析研究了超声波的强化作用.试验结果表明:超声波的强化作用具有明显的细化颗粒尺寸的作用;能增加纳米TiO2的比表面积、孔容积与孔径;能改善分散度,使颗粒粒径分布范围变窄.通过均匀沉淀过程能直接获得纯锐钛型纳米TiO2,而无需经过特定温度的煅烧定型,超声波作用对产物晶型无影响.     

纳米Fe2O3的制备及其光催化降解造纸废水

利用固相法、回流均匀沉淀法和超声均匀沉淀法等3种方法,制备了多种可见光响应半导体催化剂氧化铁.相同试验条件下,考察了不同制备方法和制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,并用活性最佳的氧化铁对草浆造纸废水进行了光催化降解研究.试验结果表明:微波干燥和高温煅烧均能增强Fe2O3的光活性,且均匀沉淀法较其他两种方法制备的催化剂光活性好;催化剂TEM和RXD检测表明催化剂颗粒平均粒径均小于50 nm;废水pH=3.0,催化剂质量浓度1.0 g/L,H2O2体积分数5‰,紫外光照3 h后,COD去除率达93.1%,出水ρ(COD)为72 g/L,达到国家最新颁布的造纸废水排放标准,且催化剂多次重复使用和废水水样放大对催化剂活性和处理试验效果影响不大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that