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1.
Spontaneous fusion between cancer cells and endothelial cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mortensen K Lichtenberg J Thomsen PD Larsson LI 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2004,61(16):2125-2131
Endothelial cells line the inside of blood and lymphatic vessels, and cancer cells must cross this barrier, first to gain access to the circulation, and, second, to exit and metastasize. How this occurs is incompletely understood. We now demonstrate that human cancer cells are able to fuse with endothelial cells to form hybrid cells displaying proteins and chromosomal markers characteristic of both parent cells. The hybrid cells are viable and capable of undergoing mitosis. Fusions between cancer cells and endothelial cells were shown to occur both in vitro, in co-cultures of human breast cancer cells and endothelial cells, and in vivo, following intravascular dissemination of human breast cancer cells in nude mice. These observations demonstrate a new type of cancer-endothelial cell interaction that may be of fundamental importance to the process of metastasis.Received 10 May 2004; received after revision 21 June 2004; accepted 2 July 2004 相似文献
2.
M. L. Rose 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1998,54(9):965-978
The immunological properties of human endothelial cells suggest they perform a pivotal role in acute and chronic rejection
following solid organ transplantation. In this review the basic features of acute and chronic rejection are described as are
the cellular and molecular requirements for antigen presentation. Traditionally, antigen-presenting cells are considered to
be bone marrow-derived cells. However, these conclusions have been derived from rodent models of allograft rejection where
bone marrow-derived passenger leukocytes are the only source of donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in the
grafted organ. In contrast, in humans, virtually all the microvascular and small vessel endothelial cells are ‘constitutively’
positive for MHC class II antigens. The phenotypic properties of human endothelial cells, their response to cytokines and
their ability to stimulate resting T cells are described. Unlike bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells (APCs), which
utilise B7/CD28 interactions, human endothelial cells utilise lymphocyte function antigen 3 (LFA3)/CD2 pathways to stimulate
T cells. They activate a CD45RO + B7-independent subpopulation of T cells. Their effect on allogeneic T cells is compared
with other non-bone marrow-derived cells such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells, which are unable to
stimulate resting T cells. Evidence is presented suggesting that release of MHC and non-human leukocyte antigens (HLA) from
endothelial cells stimulates an alloantibody and autoimmune response leading to chronic rejection.
Received 30 March 1998; received after revision 4 May 1998; accepted 4 May 1998 相似文献
3.
Boyman O Krieg C Homann D Sprent J 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2012,69(10):1597-1608
Homeostasis in the immune system encompasses the mechanisms governing maintenance of a functional and diverse pool of lymphocytes, thus guaranteeing immunity to pathogens while remaining self-tolerant. Antigen-naïve T cells rely on survival signals through contact with self-peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules plus interleukin (IL)-7. Conversely, antigen-experienced (memory) T cells are typically MHC-independent and they survive and undergo periodic homeostatic proliferation through contact with both IL-7 and IL-15. Also, non-conventional γδ T cells rely on a mix of IL-7 and IL-15 for their homeostasis, whereas natural killer cells are mainly dependent on contact with IL-15. Homeostasis of CD4+ T regulatory cells is different in being chiefly regulated by contact with IL-2. Notably, increased levels of these cytokines cause expansion of responsive lymphocytes, such as found in lymphopenic hosts or following cytokine injection, whereas reduced cytokine levels cause a decline in cell numbers. 相似文献
4.
Epithelial supporting cells can differentiate into outer hair cells and Deiters' cells in the cultured organ of Corti 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Malgrange B Thiry M Van De Water TR Nguyen L Moonen G Lefebvre PP 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2002,59(10):1744-1757
The organ of Corti is a complex structure containing a single row of inner hair cells (IHCs) and three rows of outer hair
cells (OHCs), supported respectively by one row of inner phalangeal cells and three rows of Deiters' cells. When fetal rat
organ of Corti explants are cultured, supernumerary OHCs and supernumerary Deiters' cells are produced, without any additional
cell proliferation. Analysis of semi- and ultrathin sections revealed that supernumerary OHCs are produced at the distal edge
of the organ of Corti. Quantitative analysis of cell types present in the organ of Corti demonstrates that when the number
of OHCs increases: (i) the total number of cells remains constant; (ii) the number of Deiters' cells increases; (iii) the
number of tectal cells decreases and of Hensen's cells decreases. Using specific HC markers, i.e. jagged2 (Jag2) and Math1,
we showed that in addition to existing OHCs, supernumerary OHCs, tectal cells and Hensen's cells expressed these markers in
embryonic day 19 organ of Corti explants after 5 days in vitro. The results of this study suggest that Hensen's cells retain
the capacity to differentiate into either tectal cells, which differentiate into OHCs, or into undertectal cells which differentiate
into Deiters' cells.
Received 15 May 2002; received after revision 18 July 2002; accepted 7 August 2002
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ID="*"Corresponding author. 相似文献
5.
Microperoxisomes in steroidogenic cells of the rat ovary: interstitial, thecal and luteal cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Microperoxisomes are present in luteal, interstitial and thecal cells. They are in close relation with smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lipids. Their probable role in steroid biosynthesis is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Stamenović D 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2008,65(22):3592-3605
Rheological properties of living cells determine how cells interact with their mechanical microenvironment and influence their
physiological functions. Numerous experimental studies have show that mechanical contractile stress borne by the cytoskeleton
and weak power-law viscoelasticity are governing principles of cell rheology, and that the controlling physics is at the level
of integrative cytoskeletal lattice properties. Based on these observations, two concepts have emerged as leading models of
cytoskeletal mechanics. One is the tensegrity model, which explains the role of the contractile stress in cytoskeletal mechanics,
and the other is the soft glass rheology model, which explains the weak power-law viscoelasticity of cells. While these two
models are conceptually disparate, the phenomena that they describe are often closely associated in living cells for reasons
that are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss current understanding of cell rheology by emphasizing the underlying
biophysical mechanism and critically evaluating the existing rheological models.
Received 25 May 2008; received after revision 19 June 2008; accepted 1 July 2008 相似文献
7.
Endocrine cells producing regulatory peptides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recent data on the immunolocalization of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptides are the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, alpha-MSH and CLIP (corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenaline-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours. 相似文献
8.
Potassium currents in cardiac cells 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The kinetic properties of the inwardly rectifying K current and the transient outward current in cardiac cells were investigated. In sheep Purkinje fibers superfused with Na-free K-free solution, time-dependent changes in the conductance of the inward rectifier are described. In patch clamp experiments the inward rectifier inactivates during hyperpolarization, as can be seen by a decrease in the open state probability. Using whole cell clamp on ventricular myocytes it is demonstrated that the inactivation during hyperpolarization is due to blocking of the channel by external Na, Mg and Ca. The channels responsible for the transient outward current in cow, sheep and rabbit Purkinje fibers are identified using single channel recording. It is demonstrated that in all three preparations the channels are K-selective. The channel in cow Purkinje cells has a large conductance and is regulated by voltage and internal Ca concentration. The channels identified in the sheep and rabbit cells have a much smaller conductance. 相似文献
9.
Human motor neuron generation from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
M. Nizzardo C. Simone M. Falcone F. Locatelli G. Riboldi G. P. Comi S. Corti 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(22):3837-3847
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons. There are currently
no cures or efficacious treatments for these diseases. In recent years, significant developments in stem cell research have
been applied to MNDs, particularly regarding neuroprotection and cell replacement. However, a consistent source of motor neurons
for cell replacement is required. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could provide an inexhaustible supply of differentiated
cell types, including motor neurons that could be used for MND therapies. Recently, it has been demonstrated that induced
pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may serve as an alternative source of motor neurons, since they share ES characteristics, self-renewal,
and the potential to differentiate into any somatic cell type. In this review, we discuss several reproducible methods by
which hESCs or iPS cells are efficiently isolated and differentiated into functional motor neurons, and possible clinical
applications. 相似文献
10.
Siobhán C. Cowley 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2014,71(24):4831-4840
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique population of innate T cells that are abundant in humans. These cells possess an evolutionarily conserved invariant T cell receptor α chain restricted by the nonpolymorphic class Ib major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule, MHC class I-related protein (MR1). The recent discovery that MAIT cells are activated by MR1-bound riboflavin metabolite derivatives distinguishes MAIT cells from all other αβ T cells in the immune system. Since mammals lack the capacity to synthesize riboflavin, intermediates from the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway are distinct microbial molecular patterns that provide a unique signal to the immune system. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that MAIT cells, which produce important cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-17A, have the potential to influence immune responses to a broad range of pathogens. Here we will discuss our current understanding of MAIT cell biology and their role in pathogen defense. 相似文献
11.
E. Solcia L. Usellini R. Buffa G. Rindi L. Villani C. Zampatti E. Silini 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1987,43(7):839-850
Summary Recent data on the immunologication of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumours of the gastrointestinal tract pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory beenrevised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptidesare the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, -MSH and CLIP (corticotropoin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenalin-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours. 相似文献
12.
Summary Spherule cells are restricted to the larval stage and make up 5–16% of cells in the hemolymph. Their morphology varies between species, mainly due to the shape of their inclusions which may be oval (spheroidocytes), polyhedral (crystalloid cells), or clearly crystalline (crystal cells). These inclusions are very rich in tyrosine. They liquefy rapidly in vitro, whereby the cells become hyaline (coagulocytes).Acknowledgments. We thank Mr B. Barandun for excellent technical assistance. This investigation was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant No. 3.792.076. 相似文献
13.
J André-Thomas M P Dubois E Hollande 《Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Série D, Sciences naturelles》1977,284(23):2385-2390
In immuno-induced exocrine pancreatic carcinomas, which keep their exocrine secretory specificity through their different evolution stages [(1), (2)], normal B, A and D endocrine cells are still found, demonstrated by immunochemical techniques. They are localized in the islets of Langerhans. B and A cells are scattered in adenomatous pancreatic remains, and in the anaplasic carcinoma; D cells are found in the ductular and adenomatous remains. The three types of endocrine secretion granules are analyzed by electron microscopy at the early and late stages of carcinogenesis. The origin of the persisting endocrine cells and the nature of undifferentiated cells proliferating from the ductular epithelium are discussed. 相似文献
14.
S. P. Hart C. Haslett I. Dransfield 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(10-11):950-956
Effective removal of dying cells is crucial to a variety of processes in health and disease. Cells undergoing apoptosis are recognized and ingested intact by phagocytes, which are not stimulated to release inflammatory mediators. The alternative uncontrolled form of cell death, necrosis, is associated with release of cell contents with the potential to cause tissue damage and inflammation. Four distinct molecular mechanisms have been identified to date which mediate recognition by phagocytes of mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis, but further mechanisms remain to be discovered. The capacity for phagocyte removal of cells undergoing apoptosis may be closely regulated, for example by local cytokines. 相似文献
15.
Lipid transport pathways in mammalian cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D. R. Voelker 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1990,46(6):569-579
Summary A major deficit in our understanding of membrane biogenesis in eukaryotes is the definition of mechanisms by which the lipid constituents of cell membranes are transported from their sites of intracellular synthesis to the multiplicity of membranes that constitute a typical cell. A variety of approaches have been used to examine the transport of lipids to different organelles. In many cases the development of new methods has been necessary to study the problem. These methods include cytological examination of cells labeled with fluorescent lipid analogs, improved methods of subcellular fractionation, in situ enzymology that demonstrates lipid translocation by changes in lipid structure, and cell-free reconstitution with isolated organelles. Several general patterns of lipid transport have emerged but there does not appear to be a unifying mechanism by which lipids move among different organelles. Significant evidence now exists for vesicular and metabolic energy-dependent mechanisms as well as mechanisms that are clearly independent of cellular ATP content. 相似文献
16.
Gene-manipulated embryonic stem cells for rat transgenesis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from blastocysts and are capable of differentiating into whole tissues and organs.
Transplantation of ESCs into recipient blastocysts leads to the generation of germline-competent chimeras in mice. Transgenic,
knockin, and knockout gene manipulations are available in mouse ESCs, enabling the production of genetically modified animals.
Rats have important advantages over mice as an experimental system for physiological and pharmacological investigations. However,
in contrast to mouse ESCs, rat ESCs were not established until 2008 because of the difficulty of maintaining pluripotency.
Although the use of signaling inhibitors has allowed the generation of rat ESCs, the production of genetically modified rats
has been difficult due to problems in rat ESCs after gene introduction. In this review, we will focus on some well-documented
examples of gene manipulation in rat ESCs. 相似文献
17.
D Zagury M Fouchard M Petit 《Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Série D, Sciences naturelles》1979,288(16):1243-1246
In this report we show how to identify and enumerate alloantigen-dependent killer cells. Individual effector cells are associated by micromanipulation to target cells and the doublets are incubated at 37 degrees C. Killers are identified by the lysis of the associated target. Killer cells can be subdivided into two subpopulations: cell responsible for the lysis of the specific target cells which bear the immunizing H-2 antigens and cells which kill only lectin pretreated targets. 相似文献
18.
Creg J. Workman Andrea L. Szymczak-Workman Lauren W. Collison Meenu R. Pillai Dario A. A. Vignali 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(16):2603-2622
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a critical subset of T cells that mediate peripheral tolerance. There are two types of Tregs:
natural Tregs, which develop in the thymus, and induced Tregs, which are derived from naive CD4+ T cells in the periphery. Tregs utilize a variety of mechanisms to suppress the immune response. While Tregs are critical
for the peripheral maintenance of potential autoreactive T cells, they can also be detrimental by preventing effective anti-tumor
responses and sterilizing immunity against pathogens. In this review, we will discuss the development of natural and induced
Tregs as well as the role of Tregs in a variety of disease settings and the mechanisms they utilize for suppression.
C. J. Workman, A. L. Szymczak-Workman, L. W. Collison, and M. R. Pillai contributed equally. 相似文献
19.
Summary In the ascidian endostyle, all fluorescence due to serotonin is localized in the peripheral, iodine-binding area of the endostylar epithelium, which is homologous to the vertebrate thyroid. The amine appears to be stored in granule-containing cells which may correspond to the vertebrate calcitocytes.We are grateful to Dr M.P. Gorbunova for helpful advise and diseussion. 相似文献
20.
E. C. Chew 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1976,32(9):1192-1194
Summary Several ultrastructural features of Walker 256 rat tumor cells which have not been observed before are revealed. Nuclear bodies either singlely or in pairs were found in some cells. Cytofilaments were observed in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic projections in a few cells. Desmosomes which are usually regarded as a feature of differentiated cells were also observed. 相似文献