小波变换和神经网络用于红外光谱定量分析

为扣除开放光路法红外光谱中的背景干扰 ,发挥开放光路法的优势 ,提出了针对多组分气体体系的小波变换(WT)和人工神经网络 (ANN)相结合的红外光谱定量方法。该方法在数据处理阶段利用小波变换方法扣除了样品光谱中的背景干扰 ,然后通过计算谱峰强度和组分浓度之间相关系数的方法确定了待测组分的特征峰 ,最后利用 ANN技术实现了定量分析。该方法用现场实测光谱进行了检验。结果显示其综合性能优于其它几种常用的方法 ,是一种有效的红外光谱定量方法     

基于差分吸收光谱法的烷烃气体检测系统的研制

利用差分吸收光谱（DOAS）技术研制开发了一套烷烃类气体检测实验系统,在该实验系统上测量了CH4的吸收光谱以及吸收截面,并利用这些参数开展了CH4气体浓度反演算法的研究.实验结果表明：在常温常压下,CH4的检测结果与标准浓度之间的线性拟合系数R2为0.9998,误差小于3%,CH4的最低检测限为0.01%.这些工作为烷烃光谱录井仪的研发奠定了基础.     

GC-FTIR技术在六氟化硫气体分解产物分析中的应用

对六氟化硫气体分解产物的组成及其浓度进行及时地分析和测定与六氟化硫设备安全运行密切相关。应用气相色谱——傅里叶变换红外光谱联用技术,将六氟化硫分解气体通过气相色谱技术进行组分分离,再经红外光谱仪对分离组分进行定性分析,对谱图进行多次的差谱处理,检索相关谱图并确定气体的成分,生成了红外频谱官能团吸收强度气相色谱保留时间的三维图谱。通过单一气体分析和现场实测表明,该技术能够对分解气体组分进行定性和定量分析,利用气体组分浓度判断设备的故障情况和实际故障情况十分吻合,证明该方法可用于气体绝缘组合电器故障诊断。     

GC FTIR技术在六氟化硫气体分解产物分析中的应用

对六氟化硫气体分解产物的组成及其浓度进行及时地分析和测定与六氟化硫设备安全运行密切相关。应用气相色谱——傅里叶变换红外光谱联用技术,将六氟化硫分解气体通过气相色谱技术进行组分分离,再经红外光谱仪对分离组分进行定性分析,对谱图进行多次的差谱处理,检索相关谱图并确定气体的成分,生成了红外频谱官能团吸收强度气相色谱保留时间的三维图谱。通过单一气体分析和现场实测表明,该技术能够对分解气体组分进行定性和定量分析,利用气体组分浓度判断设备的故障情况和实际故障情况十分吻合,证明该方法可用于气体绝缘组合电器故障诊断。     

基于红外光谱成像的危险气体泄漏检测技术综述

危险气体检测技术是石化等企业安全生产的必要保障之一,在工业生产中有着重要的作用。本文首先比较了现有气体检测技术的优缺点,明确了基于分子吸收光谱的红外成像技术在危险气体检测中具有适用于远距离监测、可对浓度进行分析的优势,进而为泄漏检测提供了可行的解决方案;其次介绍了红外光谱成像技术的检测原理与硬件构成;接下来列举并分析了泄漏气体图像可视化及气体浓度分析的相关研究;然后分析了基于红外图像分析技术的气体泄漏自动检测算法,并分别对传统的基于图像处理的方法与深度学习算法的发展现状及其存在的问题进行了深入的分析;最后对红外光谱成像技术难点与发展趋势进行了总结。     

多气体红外光学传感器的研究

为了解决目前红外光学传感器只能进行单一气体检测的问题,基于红外光谱吸收原理,设计了可以同时测试三种气体的光学传感器。提出了一种内壁由相交的双椭圆球面旋转构成,且具有折叠反射光路的圆筒式气室结构,解决了微气室结构实现高聚光度与集成度的关键技术问题。传感器内部有四个单通道探测器(一个参考通道和三个测试通道)和一个红外光源。通过对气室的合理布局,实现了一个传感器测试多种气体。利用响应通道输出信号与参考通道输出信号求比值计算气体浓度的方法,消除了外界环境对测试结果的影响。经过测试,在气体浓度较低的范围内,传感器的最大测量误差仅为±0.05%。     

基于Mid-IR LED的甲烷气体浓度检测方法研究

在矿井和隧道中,甲烷(CH4)气体的浓度监测极为重要.首次设计了一种以中红外发光二极管作为光源的基于光谱吸收原理的高精度CH4气体浓度检测方法.该方法采用5.8kHz的交流恒流源对中红外发光二极管进行激励,中红外发光二极管产生的中红外光在气室被甲烷吸收后,照射在接收端的中红外光电二极管上,产生光电流.用高增益跨阻放大器对光电流进行选频预放大,并用锁相放大器对与气体浓度相关的电信号做进一步的检测,最后,采用由单片微处理器构成的数据采集系统对检测结果进行数据化,对数据进行降噪处理,修正检测系统的非线性误差,最终将气体浓度检测结果显示出来.该方法还对中红外发光二极管以及中红外光电二极管的工作温度进行了恒温控制,保证了中红外器件中心波长的稳定性.同时构建了以低成本中红外发光二极管器件为基础、结合微弱信号检测技术的方法验证系统.结果显示,该方法具有检测时间短、操作简单、精度高和环境适应性强等特点,是一种可行的、优点明显的CH4气体浓度测量方法.     

红外光谱法测定三氟化硼中硼同位素比的研究

利用红外分光光度仪测定了三氟化硼气体的红外光谱(IR)并计算硼同位素比.考察了测定所需的波长和定量方法.利用高纯氮气稀释三氟化硼气体确定了准确测定同位素比所需的稀释倍数.通过实验数据,计算得出相应的校正因子.为了考察结果的可靠程度,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和红外光谱同时对一系列由化学交换精馏法分离硼同位素设备中采出的样品同位素比进行了测试.连续10天测量的结果 RSD为5.28%,,表明仪器具有较高的可靠性.实验结果表明:该方法具有较高的精度,能够满足实时测定的需要.     

基于单片机的井下瓦斯实时监测报警系统

设计了一种用于井下瓦斯气体实时监测报警系统.该系统运用单片机基本控制原理,实现对井下瓦斯气体的数据采集及显示,并将采集的数据转换为对应频率的脉冲信号,上传到监控主机,实现远程实时监控及预警.该监测报警系统的优点是:该装置采用红外遥控技术,不用打开设备即可完成数据的查询、仪表的校准及报警值的设定,适应防爆现场的要求;该装置具有超限声光报警、切断用电设备电源的功能,可有效预防爆炸或人员伤亡事故的发生;该装置的软硬件设计在Proteus的虚拟环境下进行了联合调试.     

一种低温现场红外光谱电化学池的制作和表征

介绍一种自主设计的低温现场红外光谱电化学池,可用于常温下(水)体系以及低温下非水(乙腈)体系的光谱电化学实验.利用循环伏安法、现场红外光谱电化学法、循环伏吸法及导数循环伏吸法对该低温电化学池进行相关表征.对苯醌的低温现场红外光谱电化学实验结果表明,该电化学池性能良好,可以用于低温电化学、光谱电化学研究.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that