Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha americana)

Summary The defensive anal effluent discharged bySilpha americana in response to disturbance contains a mixture of steroids stemming from a glandular annex of the rectum. The compounds have been characterized as 15-hydroxyprogesterone (1, principal component), 5-pregnan-15-ol-3, 20-dione (2), 5-pregnan-3, 15-diol-20-one (3), 5-pregnan-7, 15-diol-3,20-dione (4), 5-pregnan-3, 7, 15-triol-20-one (5), 5-pregnan-16-ol-3,20-dione (6), and 5-pregnan-3, 16-diol-20-one (7), none previously found in insects. Bioassays with jumping spiders showed compounds1 and6 to be feeding deterrents at the 1 g level.Paper No. 78 of the series: Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. Study supported by NIH (Grants AI-02908, AI-12020). We thank Maura Malarcher and Maria Eisner for excellent technical help, and the Squibb Institute of Medical Research for samples of authentic reference compounds.     

Genetic control over the duration of G1 phase

or fi y G₁ , .     

The “day of Brahman” in the work of Āryabhata

Summary In the astronomical treatise ryabhatya of ryabhata several verses are interpolated, namely all those verses in which either Brahman was mentioned or extremely large periods were introduced. The interpolator was known to AlBrn as ryabhata of Kusumapura, who belongs to the school of the elder ryabhata. The aim of the interpolator was to bring the teaching of the elder ryabhata into accordance with the revelation of Svayambh. Svayambh is another name for Brahm.     

Zur Synthese des Batrachotoxinins: Synthese von 3β-Acetoxy-16β, 20β-dihydroxy-4′-methyl-18-nor-5β, 14β-pregnano[13,14-f]hexahydro-1′,4'-oxazepin-3′-on(20a)

Summary The synthesis of 3-acetoxy-16, 20-dihydroxy-4-methyl-18-nor-5, 14-pregnano[13,14-f]hexahydro-1, 4-oxazepin-3-one (20a) is described.     

Mass spectrometric determination of the amino acid sequence in cystine- and cysteine-containing peptides

, - , , S-- S- .     

Contribution to the method for approximation of X-ray diffraction line profile

. , . .     

The participation of kinins in the pathogenesis of early disturbances in the skin capillary permeability in localβ-ray irradiation

, - Sr⁹⁰ + Y⁹⁰, , . - () . , , - .     

Cellular antigens in myxo- and paramyxoviruses as revealed by immunodiffusion methods

, , . , .     

A study of the mechanism of polymyxin M inactivation

.I.NH₄OH , N N - - ,-. , .     

Polyribosome patterns in EMC-virus infected Krebs-2 cells and cell extracts

. -2, , . ¹⁴- in vitro ( ) , in vivo, . .     

A study of the mechanism of lowering the sensitivity of smooth muscle to noradrenalin with sympathetic hyperinnervation

, , , , . . , .     

Induced seed protein mutant of barley

. 51%. () 29% 9% - . .

---

---

Seed samples may be obtained upon application toH. Doll.     

Ontogenic development and anatomical distribution of a supernumerary limb-inducing factor

. .

---

---

This work was supported by a Rackham Grant from the University of Michigan.     

Unique occurrence of fenchol in the animal kingdom

Summary (–)--Fenchol, a compound occurring in plants but not heretofore reported to occur in an animal product, was isolated from volatiles released by adult male Mediterranean fruit flies,Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, with the male's previously identified sex pheromones. It neither attracts females nor synergizes the pheromones, and its function remains unknown.The editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed in the authors' brief reports. — Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées dans ces brèves communications. — Für die Kurzmitteilungen ist ausschliesslich der Autor verantwortlich.—Per le brevi comunicazioni è responsabile solo l'autore. — . — Solo los autores son responsables de las opiniones expresadas en estas communicationes breves.Mention of a proprietary product in this paper does not constitute a recommendation or an endorsement of the product by the US Department of Agriculture.Acknowledgments. We thank C. Harding for assistance with extractions and fractionations, R.M. Waters for spectral analyses, M.S. Fujimoto and H. Higa for collecting the volatiles and conducting laboratory and cage bioassays, and T. Urago and S. Nakagawa for conducting the field tests.     

Extrapyramidal pathways with monosynaptic effects upon primate α-motoneurons

, , , , , -.     

Inhibition of sodium transport in frog skin by cardiac glycosides of different molecular structure

p 19-OM no- . ; — .     

Neue Synthesen des Chloramphenicols und deren stereochemischen Beziehungen

Summary Two new syntheses of Chloramphenicol are described starting from the diastereoisomers of -phenylserinmethyl ether and cinnamyl alcohol methyl ether respectively. The configurational correlation of the diastereoisomers of -phenylserin-methyl ether with -phenylserin and chloramphenicol is discussed. A new method for transforming erythro--phenylserinol into threo--phenylserinol is described. New examples of the Neighboring group effect were studied. The sterical course of the addition of methylhypobromite to the double bond is discussed.     

Accumulation of ribonucleoprotein structures in chronically virus-infected cells

, . , (180S, 1.42 140S, 133 /) .     

Discovery of toxicogenicStachybotrys chartarum strains in Finland

Stachybotrys chartarum, , , .S. chartarum .S. chartarum .

---

---

The authors wish to thank the National Research Councils for Medical Sciences and for Agriculture and Forestry for supporting the work with a grant.