Research of Degumming Process, Microstructure and Properties of Mulberry Fiber

More and more novel nature fibers are used in textiles. The natural fibers include banana fiber, pineapple fiber and bamboo fiber etc. In this paper, as a kind of novel natural fiber, mulberry fiber is studied. The chemical component of mulberry bast is tested and analyzed. Meanwhile, the degumming method and process of mulberry bast are studied. Chemical degumming experiments to investigate the influence of alkali concentration, alkali boiling time and sodium phosphate tribasic ratio to material are conducted. Consequently, optimum parameters are obtained. The crystallinity of mulberry fiber is tested by using X-ray line, and the photos of scanning electron microscope （SEM） are observed. Testing results of the fiber properties （e. g. fineness, tenacity, length and elongation） show that mulberry fiber can be spun blend with cotton.     

竹原纤维碱处理的最佳工艺条件

采用正交试验对竹原纤维进行碱处理,研究碱液浓度、温度和处理时间对其力学性能的影响;同时采用电子显微镜观察碱处理前后竹原纤维纵、横向微观结构．结果表明,碱液温度对竹原纤维强度性能影响较大,碱液浓度对纤维细度和伸长率的影响较大;竹原纤维碱处理最佳工艺条件为：碱液温度20℃,质量浓度7.5g/L ,处理时间90min ,此时纤维强度稍有下降,伸长率和细度不匀率明显改善,提升了竹原纤维可纺性．     

Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications

Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt% treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40 wt% kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50% fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40% kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.     

碱处理对吸附铀纤维性能的研究

本文研究了碱处理对吸附铀纤维性能的影响.实验结果表明经过碱处理的纤维,吸附铀的能力比未经过碱处理的吸附铀能力大得多.但它们对铀的表现吸附能,在碱处理和未经过碱处理的纤维之间没有什么多大的差异.     

碱处理对吸附铀纤维性能的研究

本文研究了碱处理对吸附铀纤维性能的影响。实验结果表明经过碱处理的纤维,吸附铀的能力比未经过碱处理的吸附铀能力大得多。但它们对铀的表观吸附能,在碱处理和未经过碱处理的纤维之间没有什么多大的差异。     

Comparison of Structures and Properties between Wool and Ramie Fibers Treated by Atmospheric Pressure Ar and Ar/O2 Plasma

The technique of atmospheric pressure plasma is of value in textile industry. In this paper, argon (Ar) and argon/oxygen (Ar/O2) atmospheric pressure plasma were used to treat wool and ramie fibers. The structures and properties of treated fibers were investigated by means of SEM, XPS, single fiber tensile tester and so on.The results proved that the effects of plasma treatments depended on structural characteristics of fibers to a great extent, besides conditions of plasma treatment. By atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, wool fiber had significant changes in morphology structure, surface chemical component, mechanic properties and dyeability, while ramie fiber just showed a little change. In additional, Ar/Q2 plasma showed more effective action than argon. And at the beginning of treatment, plasma brought about remarkable effects, which did not increase with prolonging of treat time.     

高吸水涤纶纤维的结构和染色性研究

将PET与共聚酯共混纺制中空共混纤维,经碱处理后形成多孔的高吸水涤纶。本文通过X—射线衍射仪,分光光度计,扫描电镜和热收缩仪等测试对高吸水涤纶纤维和共混纤维的结构和染色性进行了研究,目的在于探索高吸水涤纶染色机理。研究结果发现高吸水涤纶纤维与共混纤维相比较,不仅具有许多微孔,而且结晶度高,晶粒尺寸大,单位非晶体积大,非晶区结构紧密;高吸水涤纶的上染量与保水率呈指数关系。由此推论高吸水涤纶上染量高主要是由于纤维中微孔的吸附染料作用。     

Effect of Fiber Properties on Nonwovens'''' Pore Structures with Fractal Geometry Analysis

IntroductionNowadays,the applications of nonwovens become widerand wider.Nonwovens pore structures such as shape,size,quantity,pore size distribution and so on,are very i mportantto their mechanical and other physical properties.And thepore structures are related to the diameter,cri mp,orientation,quantity and assembling method of fibers.Therefore,it is i mportant for both manufactories and end-useres to obtain the parameters which can be used to expressnonwovens structures conveniently,and fu…     

VARTM制备麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料研究

通过对黄麻纤维热处理、碱处理、硅烷偶联剂处理和异氰酸酯处理进行表面改性,并对改性黄麻纤维布进行热压工艺处理,最后采用VARTM成型工艺制备黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,并对其性能进行了系统研究.通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,热处理和碱处理的黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结未得到明显改善,而通过硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结性能得到了显著的提高.将硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维布通过热压处理不仅可以增加复合材料中黄麻纤维体积含量,而且可以提高复合材料的综合性能,复合材料力学性能研究表明,经硅烷偶联剂处理后的黄麻纤维增强复合材料拉伸强度、模量和弯曲强度分别提高了18.6%,71.4%和50.2%.经异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、模量和弯曲强度分别提高了16.3%,34.0%和50.3%.     

混杂钢纤维增强超高性能水泥基材料力学性能分析

采用平直型超细钢纤维与压痕型中长钢纤维混杂,系统研究了混杂比例对超高性能水泥基复合材料(UHPCC)流动性能、力学行为的影响,以及纤维外形对界面粘结力的影响.研究表明,随压痕型钢纤维掺入量增加,新拌浆体的流动度下降;在纤维体积率一定时,2种纤维等比例混杂,材料的抗压、拉伸、弯曲强度与弯曲韧性等力学性能为最佳;当水胶比固定时,压痕钢纤维与基体界面粘结力大于平直型超细钢纤维.试验还表明,2种纤维混杂在不同结构、不同尺度和不同时间层次对抑制裂缝的生成和扩展分别发挥作用,两者协同作用使材料总体力学性能显著提升.     

植物纤维与聚乳酸制备生物质复合材料的研究

本文研究了以植物纤维与聚乳酸为原料制备生物质复合材料的工艺,探讨不同加工方式、纤维种类和添加量对植物纤维/聚乳酸复合材料拉伸性能及透湿性的影响,并利用扫描电镜对复合材料进行表征。研究结果表明:复合材料采用熔融挤出加工方式比物理混合的性能好,而蔗渣纤维作为填料是较好的选择;同时,当植物纤维添加量低于20%时,随着添加量的增加,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随之下降。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维的表面粘结性能研究

在萃取阶段用表面改性剂溶液对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）冻胶纤维进行表面处理，然后经过多级热拉伸制得改性纤维。对萃取液进行了紫外吸光度分析，并对改性前后纤维的表面化学结构、力学性能和表面粘结性能进行了比较。结果表明；经表面处理的纤维表面引入许多极性基团，纤维粘结强度随拉伸倍数增加而提高，纤维粘结性能得到较大改善；表面处理对纤维的力学性能影响不大。其中EVA的改性效果最为明显，3级拉伸后纤维的粘结强度提高了100％．     

Hydrolysis-resistant Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） Fiber

For certain industrial applications, the mechanical properties of PET fiber can be deteriorated from hydrolysis because the terminal carboxylic groups promote the degradation of macromolecules under high moisture and high temperature. It limits the wide applications of PET fiber in some special cases. In this paper, three additives are selected to improve the hydrolytic stability through the reaction of bi-functional groups on additive molecules with carboxyl groups on PET molecules. The additives can serve not only as hydrolysis stabilizers, but also as agents to increase the molecular weight and consequently to improve PET fiber mechanical properties. PET pellets were blended with additive before spinning, and melt spun into fiber. The fibers were then hydrolyzed in an autoclave by saturated vapor at 140℃ for a period of time. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity, terminal carboxylic group value and strength of polyester fibers were carried out to study the effects of hydrolysis resistance. Results show that 2, 2＇-bis （2-oxazoline） has best hydrolysis-resistibility and the chainextension effect at the same time.     

文冠果壳纤维/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能

 为了充分拓展文冠果壳在复合材料领域的应用,优化其复合材料的制备工艺,探索力学性能随纤维质量分数的变化规律,采用未处理的纤维作为对比,将文冠果壳纤维表面进行碱、硅烷偶联剂及碱-硅烷偶联剂处理。采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混与注塑成型的方法,制备文冠果壳纤维/高密度聚乙烯复合材料。考察了制备工艺、纤维质量分数对复合材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弹性模量和冲击强度的影响。研究表明,经过二次双螺杆熔融共混,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率提高。随着纤维质量分数的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率降低,弹性模量增加,冲击强度呈波浪状变化。复合材料断面上纤维断裂机制和剥落机制并存。     

木棉纤维的微细结构研究——胞壁层次结构与原纤尺度

通过对木棉纤维横截面超薄切片的透射电镜观察，获得了木棉纤维的胞壁层次结构、原纤尺度及排列。木棉纤维胞壁具有清晰可见的多层状结构，基本上可以分为外表皮层S、胞壁1层W1、胞壁2层W2、胞壁3层W3和内皮层IS共5个基本的层次，各层具有不同的厚度和原纤堆砌密度与排列方向。可见木棉纤维横截面最小结构单元宽度为3．2～5．0nm，与棉纤维基原纤尺寸相当。实验证明，碱液对木棉纤维的可及性存在显著的个体差异；对于同一纤维胞壁各层的溶胀也存在差异。其中W2是最易被溶胀的；内皮层的原纤容易被分离出来。而未经溶胀处理的木棉纤维电镜照片反差弱，层次结构不够细致。     

Properties and Chemical Treatment of Banana Fiber

Comparing to some other fibers,the mechanical andsome physical properties of banana fiber,constituent ofbanana fiber have been studied in this paper,mean-while,for improving some characteristics of banana fi-ber,the chemical treatments were used to modify the fi-ber.The results show that the coarse and brittle bananafiber,will be difficult to process in traditional spinningsystem.     

短纤维增强聚氨酯弹性体的研究

以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、二异氰酸酯(MDI)、扩链剂(BDO)为原料,利用一步法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。对短玻璃纤维表面进行了偶联剂处理,将处理过的玻璃纤维添加到聚氨酯中,并改变玻璃纤维的添加量,研究了添加量对玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料基本力学性能的影响。     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

Structural Changes of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers Grafted by Acrylamide

A group of grafted PET fibers with different graft yield are formed by grafting acrylamide onto the PET main chains. The structure of grafted fibers are studied by scanning electronic microscope ( SEM ), infra-red spectrophotometer ( IR ), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). At the same time, the moisture regain, dyeability, strength, and elongation at break of the samples are measured and their relations with structural changes are discussed. Compared with ungrafted fiber, shape of the fiber cross-section, IR characteristic absorption peaks, and melting behavior of the grafted fibers have been changed, causing the fiber dyeability and moisture regain to be increased, and mechanical properties to be changed.     

聚丙烯纤维高温阻裂机理

通过研究不同纤维掺量自密实混凝土高温情况下的宏微观性能，探讨高温时材料内部的物理化学变化，以及不同温度状况下由微观结构变化所带来的宏观性能变化．试验中，待试样进行不同的高温处理过后，采用汞压力测孔法和扫描电镜对材料进行微观性能研究，并量测了高温后材料的气渗性能．同时，聚丙烯纤维的作用机理也得到了探讨．试验结果表明，纤维熔解能改善材料内部孔隙的连通性能，从而提高材料的气渗性能，降低了材料内部由升温集聚的孔隙压力．进一步，气渗性能的测量能作为评价纤维添加效果的有效手段．同时，研究中还发现熔解过程中聚丙烯纤维的工作机制，将有助于进一步的相关研究．