沁水盆地南部煤层气藏特征

以油气、煤田和煤层气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁南煤层气藏的特征。通过对气藏静态特征（包括煤层空间几何形态、煤层气成分和含量、储层物性、吸附特征、储层压力及封闭条件）和动态过程（包括煤层气形成、运移和聚集）的分析,指出晚古生代的煤层在经历了印支期和燕山期两次煤化作用生成的煤层气,在喜马拉雅期遭受了严重的调整与改造后逐渐形成现今的沁南煤层气藏。直接控制该煤层气藏中煤层气富集程度的因素为顶底板与边界断层。目前的高产煤层气井基本上都位于地下水滞流区。     

渭北盆地韩城开发区煤层气储层特征分析

以韩城开发区高煤级煤储层为例,分析了该区煤储层生气地质条件、煤储层物性特征。研究结果表明,本区煤层气赋存条件良好,煤级高,生气能力大,勘探开发潜力大;煤储层物性条件良好,储集性能好;煤层内生裂隙发育,连通性较好,孔隙以微孔占据主导地位,孔径介于1～100nm的占总孔容71.44%～88.15%,孔隙度普遍小于7%;煤比表面积、孔容等孔隙参数表现出强烈的不均匀性;煤储层压力以欠压为主,局部存在高压储层,渗透率分布具有典型的非均质性;煤层吸附能力大,含气量较高。总体上,该区地质和储层特征参数有利于煤层气富集和高产。     

The key stage and moment of coalbed gas reservior evolution in the Qinshui Basin,China

The evolution of coalbed gas reservoir is characterized by coalbed gas geochemistry and gas content. On the basis of burial history and thermal history, the forming process of coalbed gas reservoir and the gas accumulative history in the Qinshui Basin are discussed in this paper. The difference of the thermal history, geochemistry characteristic, and gas accumulative history between Yangcheng and Huozhou areas shows that the formation of coalbed gas reservoir in the Qinshui Basin is controlled by the geological process in the critical stage and the critical moment. The components and isotopes of coalbed methane are determined by the stage at which the coal maturation reaches its maximum rank. The coalbed methane accumulative history is related to the temperature and pressure of the coal burial history, because the coalbed gas is mainly in adsorptive state. It is stated that the gas content in the coal seam is controlled by the moment when the coal seam is uplifted to the shallowest position.     

沁水盆地煤地质与煤层气聚集单元特征研究

通过对沁水盆地煤层气聚集单元分析,可以看出煤层气聚集单元划分需要查明影响煤层气成藏的各种地质因素。煤层气聚集成藏是天然气成藏中的特殊情况,其特殊的成因机制使得聚集单元分析不能套用常规石油天然气聚集单元的划分原则,其中煤地质基础研究特别是煤层气基础研究是煤层气聚集单元分析的基础;对于一个完整盆地,煤聚积规律研究对煤层气最为重要,因此应该在高分辨率层序地层单元划分的基础上进行精细的富煤单元分析;对于指导煤层气勘探与开发,盆地内部次级单元的划分是实用的,也是难度更大的;沁水盆地煤层气聚集单元可以用以下“富气区”描述,即沁南极富气区、东翼斜坡带富气区、西翼斜坡带低富气区、西山较低富气区和高平一晋城低富气区,因此沁南区是煤层气成藏有利区。     

模拟煤层气储层条件下煤岩渗透性实验研究

储层煤岩特有的割理结构使其渗透性与常规砂岩储层不尽相同,本文以山西沁水盆地3#煤作为实验煤心,实验研究了围压、孔隙压力对煤岩渗透率的综合影响规律,并得到3#煤岩的裂缝体积压缩系数范围。研究表明,流体介质不同,储层煤岩渗透率在压降过程中变化趋势不同;储层煤岩裂缝体积压缩系数在整个煤层气开采过程中并非一恒定值。     

煤层气储层压力测试实验研究

以沁水盆地南部测试井为煤层气储层压力实验对象,利用自主研发的煤层气储层压力测试实验装备,对煤层的储层压力进行实验测定.利用实验测试压力数据对煤层气的储层压力参数进行分析和研究;从而得出沁水盆地南部煤层气储层压力的实验数值.通过煤层气储层压力实验数据结果对煤层气勘探、测试和后期排采过程都具有非常重要的指导意义.     

河北省煤储层物性特征分析

根据煤田地质勘探实测资料,结合汞孔径测试、扫描电镜显微裂隙观测、煤层气试井分析成果及等温吸附曲线,分析河北省煤储层物性特征。结果显示：煤层饱和吸附量受煤级控制,煤级增加,吸附能力增大;随煤层埋深增加,煤层含气量和甲烷体积分数均呈增大趋势;中孔在褐煤中比较发育,而在其他煤级中例外;储层中宏观裂隙与宏观煤岩类型关系密切;显微裂隙发育程度镜煤好于亮煤,低煤级煤好于高煤级煤;峰峰、万全、大城矿区试井渗透率较高,开平煤田不同地区煤储层渗透性变化较大。该研究为河北省煤层气的合理开发提供了依据。     

吐哈盆地沙尔湖凹陷侏罗系煤层气勘探新认识

为了探讨吐哈盆地沙尔湖凹陷侏罗系煤层气的勘探潜力,应用大量最新分析化验数据和钻井资料,分析了煤层发育特征、煤岩热演化规律和显微组分、煤储层物性、煤层气成因类型、煤岩吸附特征、含气性、构造运动、水动力条件、煤岩直接顶板的岩性等保存条件及前期煤层气井勘探失利原因等。结果表明,沙尔湖凹陷煤岩热演化程度低,具典型的煤层原生生物气特征,均质性差;但煤层厚度大,煤层裂隙及大孔发育,原煤含气量高,煤层气保存条件较好,煤层气总资源量较大。总之,沙尔湖凹陷侏罗系煤层气成藏条件优越,资源丰度高,采用合适的钻井、完井、储层改造措施及排采制度,将会取得一定的勘探成效。     

基于低温液氮吸附法的煤岩孔隙分形特征

为研究沁水盆地中高煤级煤的孔隙结构特征,采用低温液氮吸附实验测定了不同煤样比表面积及孔径分布数据,依据吸附-解吸曲线和分形维数对煤岩孔隙系统进行分类.结果表明:煤层微小孔较发育,具有比表面积适中(0.418～0.902 m2/g)、平均孔径小(14.6～21.0nm)、孔容小(0.001 86～0.004 53 cm3...     

蜀南地区龙潭组煤层气储层特征及资源潜力

据中国多次开展的煤层气资源评价结果,蜀南地区煤炭以无烟煤为主,与沁水盆地类似,其煤层变质程度高,吸附能力强,含气量高,蕴藏了大量的煤层气资源。为了进一步查明蜀南地区煤层气储层特征及其资源潜力,根据该区测井资料、录井资料、煤层气参数井资料,从煤层分布特征、煤质特征、孔-裂隙发育特征、含气性特征及等温吸附特征等方面,分析了该区煤储层特征,对储层质量进行综合评价,并在此基础上评价其资源潜力。结果表明,蜀南地区龙潭组煤变质程度高,属于无烟煤;兰氏体积大,含气量高,气体质量好,含气饱和度高,兰氏压力小,临界解吸压力小、地解比偏低。综合评价显示该区煤层气储层质量较好,资源潜力大,但开发难度较大,尚需适宜的开采技术。建议选择长宁-叙永区块开展煤层气勘探开发试验,探索煤层气勘探评价方法及有效的开采技术。     

基于GIS的煤层气勘探信息系统

为实现煤层气勘探信息规范化管理,设计了基于GIS技术的煤层气勘探信息系统。采用信息可视化技术,将煤层气勘探信息条理化和形象化,以便于分析、利用与地理位置相关的各种信息。论述了其设计思想和原则,阐述了该系统的数据管理和信息分析功能。运用该系统对沁水盆地的基本地理信息、煤田勘探资料、煤层气勘探资料及区域地质调查成果进行了一体化存储管理。实践证明,该系统具有强大的决策和分析能力。     

高阶煤支撑剂嵌入模型

 支撑剂嵌入煤层会损害压裂支撑裂缝导流能力。目前关于煤岩支撑剂嵌入的研究主要为实验研究,缺乏相应的理论数值计算模型。为此,对沁水盆地端氏、曲堤和候村高阶煤层的支撑剂进行嵌入实验,分析了闭合压力和煤岩坚固性系数对支撑剂嵌入的影响;根据Langmuir 定律,推导出二维多层支撑剂嵌入煤岩的缝宽模型和压嵌模型,利用实验数据对模型进行了验证。结果表明：支撑剂嵌入煤岩时,存在临界嵌入压力,煤岩坚固性系数越小,临界嵌入压力越小,支撑剂越易嵌入煤岩;在闭合压力小于30 MPa 时,支撑剂嵌入煤岩程度小于支撑剂粒径的1/2 时,模型计算结果与实验测试结果相似程度较高,推导出的缝宽模型和压嵌模型能有效指导沁水盆地高阶煤层的水力压裂施工设计。     

Influence of liquid water on coalbed methane adsorption:An experimental research on coal reservoirs in the south of Qinshui Basin

Using Isothermal Adsorption/Desorption System Model IS-100 and Electrohydraulic Servo Rock System Model MTS815 as the main apparatuses and collecting samples from the major coal reservoirs in the south of Qinshui Basin, a hot point region of coalbed methane exploration, the paper carries out systematical comparisons of the isothermal adsorption experimental data for injection water coal samples, equilibrium moisture samples and dry coal samples, probes and establishes an experimental method of injection water coal sample preparation and isothermal experiment to simulate real reservoir conditions, and then summaries the experimental regulations and discusses the mechanism of liquid water influencing coal methane adsorption. Results of the experiment indicate that: The Langmuir volume of injection water coal samples is notably larger than that of equilibrium moisture samples, as well as larger than or equivalent to that of dry coal samples; the Langmuir pressure of injection water coal samples is the highest, the next is equilibrium moisture samples, while the dry samples is the lowest, of which the experimental results of injection water samples to simulate real reservoir conditions are more close to the fact. Under the conditions of in-position reservoirs, liquid water in coals has evident influence on methane adsorption ability of coal matrix, which can increase the adsorbability of coal and make the adsorption regulation fit to Langmuir model better. Its major reason is the increase of wetting coal matrix adsorbability. The above experimental results overthrow the conventional cognition that liquid water has no influence on coalbed methane adsorption, which may lead to an improvement of the coalbed methane isothermal adsorption experimental method and of the reliability of coalbed methane resource evaluation and prediction.     

Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin

In theory, from the high temperature and pressure during the coal generating gas to the present low temperature and pressure of coalbed methane reservoir, the accumulation of coalbed methane was from oversaturated to undersaturated. The gas content of the coalbed methane reservoir in the south Qinshui basin was 12-35.7 m3/t. According to the isotherm and measured gas content of No. 3 coal, the adsorbed gas content in some wells was highly saturated and oversaturated, which was hard to theoretically understand. In addition, there were no thermogenic and biogenic gases at the late stage in the south Qinshui basin. This article proposed that the overpressure was the main reason for the present high saturation of the coalbed methane reservoir. In early Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was characterized by overpressure and high saturation caused by gas generation from coal measure source rocks. In late Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was rapidly uplifted, and with the temperature and pressure decreasing, the pressure condition of adsorbed gas changed from overpressure to normal-under pressure, which resulted in the high saturation and gas content in the present coalbed methane reservoir.     

黑龙江省煤层气勘探前景分析—以鸡西、勃利盆地为例

随着我国天然气需求日益增大和国内外煤层气勘探开发技术的成熟,煤层气已经成为常规天然气现实的补充和接替目标。黑龙江省煤炭资源丰富,含煤盆地众多,煤层气资源潜力大,具有较好的勘探前景。本文通过对鸡西、勃利盆地钻井资料分析,评价了煤层特征并预测了城子河组煤层的厚度和空间分布。通过对煤层厚度、埋深和变质程度等因素综合分析认为鸡西盆地含煤层性好,含气量高,是黑龙江省煤层气勘探开发的重点探区。勃利盆地煤层分布广,含气量达到开发标准,但煤层薄,间距大,埋深较大,可做为煤层气勘探的远景探区。     

不同变质变形煤特征对煤层气富集渗流的制约

煤岩是煤层气的主要储集层,其变质变形作用对煤层气的赋存、运移和开发都具有重要意义。本文以华北地区典型含煤区为研究区,基于现场资料分析、煤岩显微观测,孔渗测试及压汞实验分析,探讨了不同变质变形煤储层孔渗特征,并从裂隙、孔隙不同尺度探讨了不同变质变形煤储层特征及其孔、裂隙结构特征对煤层气富集渗流所起的作用。结果表明,首先,煤层气产出过程与煤储层变质变形特征密切相关;实验室测定的渗透率与试井渗透率具有可比性,一般碎斑煤大于碎裂煤;高变质弱变形煤储层和中变质弱变形煤储层煤层气的富气能力与渗流能力比较强,是煤层气富集高渗的有利储层。     

我国煤层气勘探开发现存问题及发展趋势

针对我国煤层气开发的现存问题及发展趋势,从煤层气固溶体、煤储层多相介质、煤层气超临界吸附、低煤级煤含气量、煤储层多级压力降与多级渗流、水压与气压关系、动态渗透率等方面对我国煤层气基础研究薄弱环节进行了分析;从井间距、排采制度、钻完井增产改造、适应中国煤储层物性的开发工艺、平衡开发等方面对煤层气排采现存问题进行了评述。最后指出,我国煤层气勘探开发趋势是由中高煤级向低煤级储层、由浅部向深部、由单一煤层(组)向多煤层(组)、由地面开发向井地立体式开发、由陆地向海洋、由煤层气单采向煤层气与煤成气共采的方向发展。     

沁水盆地煤系天然气系统富集成藏的主控因素分析

沁水盆地是我国最大的构造聚煤盆地,也是国内首个实现煤系天然气商业化开采的区块。盆地内石炭-二叠系煤层厚度大、分布稳定、吸附能力强、含气量大,目前产能已超过20×108m3,具有良好的勘探开发潜力。以煤田、煤系天然气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主控因素,分析认为构造演化、埋藏史和热演化、沉积体系和水文地质条件是控制沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主要地质因素。沁水盆地两期生气都是在构造运动的影响下发生,煤系赋存状态为印支、燕山和喜山期构造运动叠加的结果,断裂及陷落柱发育区含气量低;区内煤层埋深呈现北部深南部浅,中部深东西部浅的特点,南部热演化程度高,煤系天然气含量大;沉积体系影响煤层的空间展布;水文地质条件关系着煤系天然气的形成和保存,弱水动力区为煤系天然气的有利区。     

煤储层物性对甲烷解吸及采出的影响

影响煤层气解吸采出的诸多因素作用于煤储层,体现为煤储层允许煤层气扩散渗流或导流的能力,所以在研究气体解吸特性时煤储层自身的物性值得重点探讨。基于这一点,对比研究了高低煤阶煤的物性差异,探讨了其对气体解吸采出的影响。研究表明,低煤阶煤分子结构较松散,孔隙度高,高煤阶煤分子结构紧密,孔隙度低,降压解吸过程中低煤阶煤物性变好,高煤阶煤物性变差。罐装煤样解吸和室内模拟实验揭示,物性是决定气体解吸的关键要素,这也是低煤阶煤储层含气量低但仍具有很大开发潜力的根本原因。低煤阶煤层孔渗较好,压降传播快,在开采过程中可形成自卸压效应。高煤阶煤层孔渗较差,压降传播慢,为了提高单井产量必须采用大型压裂或分支井技术等措施。     

Division of coalbed methane-enriched units in the Qinshui Basin

Division of CBM (coalbed methane)-enriched units is an important precondition and basic work for formulation of scientific CBM exploration procedure and improvement of CBM exploration success rate. In consideration of the CBM particularity and complexity as well as its distribution in China, the CBM-enriched units are divided into 5 levels, i.e. CBM-bearing region, CBM-bearing basin, CBM-enriched area, CBM-enriched zone, and CBM reservoir (field). The Qinshui Basin is one of the China's richest CBM basins with higher exploration degree. However, division and study of CBM-enriched units are relatively weak for the basin. Based on geological conditions of CBM reservoirs formation and current distribution of CBM reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, this paper divides the basin into 5 CBM-enriched areas, that is, the South Qinshui, Eastern Slope, Western Slope, Xishan, and Gaoping-Jincheng CBM-enriched areas. Of those 5 areas, the South Qinshui is most favorable for CBM exploration.