粗粒径高硫铝土矿焙烧前后脱硫及溶出性能研究

对贵州省某一水硬铝石型的高硫铝土矿进行焙烧脱硫实验研究。探究焙烧时间、焙烧温度等条件对脱硫的影响,并借助XRD对焙烧机理进行分析;在这个基础上,对比矿物焙烧前后的高压溶出实验,观察两种溶出液中的硫的变化规律以及溶出性能的改变。结果表明:在焙烧温度700℃、时间为30 min及粒径为830μm时,矿石中硫含量从2.33%降至0.68%;矿石经过高温焙烧后,矿石成分发生改变,溶出性能得以提高;对于硫存在形式以黄铁矿为主的高硫铝土矿,焙烧后溶出液的硫浓度相比原矿溶出液大幅降低,且硫的溶出率由原矿的28.8%降至14.8%,氧化铝相对溶出率增加到95%以上。     

高硫铝土矿悬浮态焙烧脱硫

采用自主开发的高固气比悬浮焙烧-快速冷却装置对贵州地区硫质量分数为1.35%的高硫铝土矿进行850kg/h规模的焙烧脱硫实验。探讨悬浮态焙烧对脱硫过程和焙烧矿的影响规律。对硫物相和XRD谱进行分析。研究结果表明:悬浮态低温焙烧可实现高硫铝土矿的快速脱硫,升高焙烧温度有利于提高脱硫率;硫化物型硫的残留量降至0.08%(质量分数)之后,脱硫过程趋于完成;FeS_2脱硫反应伴随着金属氧化物吸收SO_2的反应,细颗粒对SO_2具有更强的吸收能力;高硫铝土矿粉料在悬浮炉内的有效停留时间约2 s,焙烧炉内温度控制在610~640℃,焙烧矿中硫化物型硫质量分数可以降低到0.16%以下。低温闪速焙烧-冷却使得偏高领土呈高度无序的非晶相结构,相对于原料中的一水硬铝石,焙烧矿中的α-Al_2O_3晶体得到细化,有利于Al_2O_3的溶出。     

一水硬铝石焙烧矿增浓溶出及其机理

为了深入研究焙烧对一水硬铝石矿增浓溶出过程的影响及其活化焙烧强化溶出的机理,采用化学法提纯,从铝土矿中得到了高纯的一水硬铝石矿;经不同温度焙烧后进行增浓溶出,考察了焙烧温度对铝土矿增浓溶出效果的影响.研究结果表明在一定温度范围内,焙烧矿的溶出性能优于未焙烧矿;当焙烧时间一定时,在525℃焙烧的一水硬铝石矿溶出性能明显改善,焙烧矿石中氧化铝可几乎全部溶出.通过X射线衍射对物相、晶体点阵常数的测定以及扫描电镜对焙烧提纯矿形貌的观察,认为强化溶出的主要机制为一水硬铝石提纯矿在一定条件下焙烧后,由结晶完整的一水硬铝石正交晶型逐渐向结晶不完整的刚玉转变,且矿石表面出现大量的裂纹和孔洞,增加了矿石的比表面积,从而强化了其与碱液反应的能力,溶出性能得到明显改善.     

低品位高硫铝土矿静态焙烧脱硫及溶出性能

以低品位高硫铝土矿为原料,通过静态焙烧-活化溶出技术路线,解决脱硫同时兼顾溶出性能。采取XRD,SEM和Materials Studio等手段,分析焙烧脱硫-活化溶出过程中氧化铝及一水硬铝石晶体转变,得出焙烧矿最佳溶出条件,对比分析原矿与焙烧矿溶出动力学。研究结果表明:焙烧促使一水铝石晶体减小,氧化铝晶体变大、结晶更加完整;当静态焙烧温度为600℃和时间为180 s时,焙烧后铝土矿中硫质量分数为0.29%,脱硫率为75.83%;在600℃焙烧90 s时,矿石最佳溶出条件为溶出温度280℃、溶出时间70 min、苛碱质量浓度为245 g/L、CaO添加质量分数10%,此时氧化铝相对溶出率为94.8%;正交实验结果表明影响氧化铝溶出率的主次因素排序为温度、CaO添加质量分数、时间、苛碱质量浓度;原矿与焙烧矿在溶出过程中其表观活化能分别为48.89 kJ/mol和63.99 kJ/mol,氧化铝溶出主要受内扩散控制;焙烧矿和原矿在特定溶出条件下氧化铝相对溶出率(y)与溶出温度(T)之间的关系分别为:y=u(T)=-372.59+2.800 53T-0.004 06T~2和y=u(T)=-563.42+4.324 69T-0.007 14T~2,以焙烧矿经验公式作为参数优化依据,在285℃时氧化铝溶出率为95.63%。     

拜耳法氧化铝的理论溶出率

本文根据一水硬铝石型铝土矿溶出赤泥的物相组成,导出了溶出一水软铝石——一水硬铝石型铝土矿和一水硬铝石型铝土矿的氧化铝理论溶出率计算公式。     

新型添加剂在拜耳法溶出A/S:5-7铝土矿时的奇特作用

简要介绍了我国铝土矿资源特点及氧化铝工业现状，扼要分析了用一水硬铝石型A／S：5-7铝土矿生产氧化铝的艺方案。采用最简单的纯拜耳法处理一水硬铝石型A／S：5-7铝土矿生产氧化铝时，加入新型溶出添加剂获得了从未有过的最佳溶出效果，并列出了主要溶出条件和溶出效果。     

力化学对铝土矿溶出的作用

力化学方法处理铝土矿,可明显改善其溶出性能．对国内２种有代表性的铝土矿：广西平果矿和山西普铝矿采用该法处理,使矿石中的一水硬铝石结构发生变化,从而降低了溶出温度及溶出用碱液浓度,并提高了溶出速率．对力化学引起的反应性能变化及其内在原因进行了探讨．据此确认该法对我国氧化铝工业节能降耗、提高经济效益具有实际意义．     

高铁铝土矿直接还原-石灰烧结过程及机理研究

探索基于石灰烧结的高铁铝土矿直接还原方案,并借助XRD,SEM和EDS等手段分析直接还原-石灰烧结过程中的矿物转化机理。研究结果表明:在保温过程中,由于生石灰的反应活性较低,原矿中仅有部分氧化铝矿物转化为碱溶性的铝酸钙。在剩余的氧化铝矿物中,高岭石转化为莫来石,一水硬铝石和一水软铝石转化为刚玉;刚玉和莫来石不溶于碱,造成氧化铝损失。由于石灰烧结反应温度与直接还原反应温度之间存在差异,因此,很难同步实现铝、铁矿物的高效转化。最佳条件为:预磨粒度为0.038 mm的铝土矿质量分数为74.95%,石灰用量为19.35%,还原温度为1 400℃,还原时间为60 min,最佳试验指标如下:铁品位T(Fe)为71.01%,铁回收率ε(Fe)为99.5%,氧化铝溶出率ηA为61.58%。     

活化焙烧一水硬铝石矿增浓溶出过程动力学

探讨了一水硬铝石型铝土矿在一定条件下活化焙烧后 ,作为后加矿的增浓溶出过程动力学 .得出焙烧矿在增浓溶出过程中受化学反应控制 ,且为一级反应 .推导出了该过程的动力学方程 ,并求得了相应的表观活化能为1 34 .5kJ/mol.对于更深入研究这一新的氧化铝生产工艺流程 ,在原有拜耳法流程基础上 ,通过适当改造 ,达到增产降耗 ,提高我国氧化铝工业在国际市场上的竞争力具有一定的理论意义     

高硫铝土矿氧化焙烧脱硫研究

针对一水硬铝石高硫型铝土矿,以河南2种地方矿石为原料进行焙烧除硫的研究,并通过对焙烧矿的物相分析进行理论上的探讨。在此基础上,对焙烧矿和原矿的高压溶出进行比较试验,研究溶出液中S2-含量的变化以及焙烧过程对溶出性能的影响。结果表明:硫的物相不同,其硫的脱除率不同;矿石经焙烧后,铝土矿中的黄铁矿FeS2的特征衍射峰消失,而出现了Fe2O3的衍射峰;同时,原矿的一水硬铝石β-AlOOH的衍射峰也消失,而产生了α-Al2O3的衍射峰;原矿经焙烧后溶出液中S2-的质量浓度显著降低,溶出性能更好;对于以黄铁矿为硫的主要物相的河南A矿,在600℃、焙烧60min后,与原矿同时在240℃、焙烧60min进行溶出试验,焙烧矿溶出液中S2-的质量浓度由原矿的1.78g/L下降到0.15g/L,同时,矿石的溶出率由85.27%提高到91.26%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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