游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌TGF-β_1/CTGF基因表达和胶原代谢的影响

选取雄性SD大鼠作为实验对象,并随机分为正常组(NC,10只)、糖尿病组(DM,14只)和糖尿病运动组(DME,20只),后两组通过6周高脂饲料喂养和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,建模成功后,糖尿病运动组(DME)进行为期10周的游泳运动,最后检测大鼠血液主要血清酶和心肌转化生长因子(TGF-β1)/结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)基因表达水平及胶原代谢的变化.结果显示,与正常组(NC)比较,糖尿病组(DM)大鼠血液葡萄糖(GLU)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)和心肌羟脯氨酸(HYP)、氧化应激及TGF-β1 mRNA、CTGF mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01),而上述指标在糖尿病运动组(DME)均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),但仍显著高于正常组(NC)(P<0.05或P<0.01).以上结果表明:长期游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌胶原代谢紊乱具有一定的改善作用,其机制可能与游泳运动可以降低2型糖尿病大鼠血糖和心肌氧化应激水平及TGF-β1/CTGF基因表达水平有关.     

人参皂苷CK对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的探讨人参皂苷CK对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护机制.方法选择雄性Wistar大鼠,以高脂饲料喂养,并给予小剂量链尿佐菌素(STZ),诱导产生2型糖尿病大鼠模型(T2DM).将T2DM大鼠随机分为模型组、CK高剂量组(10.5 mg/kg)和CK低剂量组(5.25 mg/kg),并分别给予灌胃,正常对照组喂普通饲料,模型组及给药组喂高脂饲料.药物干预7周后,采集大鼠血清与肾组织,测定血糖、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、血肌酐(Scr)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活力; HE染色观察肾组织病理变化; Western blot法检测肾组织中TGF-β1蛋白的表达,将结果进行统计学分析.结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠空腹血糖、TC、TG、LDL-C、血清BUN、UA、Scr、MDA含量、TGF-β1蛋白表达量升高,HDL-C、GSH含量降低,SOD,GSH-PX活力降低(P0.05);给药后,CK高、低剂量组与模型组比较,空腹血糖、TC、TG、LDL-C、BUN、UA、Scr、MDA含量降低,TGF-β1蛋白表达量降低,HDL-C、GSH含量升高,SOD、GSH-PX活力升高,(P0.05).结论人参皂苷CK能通过增强大鼠肾组织的抗氧化能力,增强肾小球滤过功能,促进肾组织结构恢复,抑制肾组织中TGF-β1的表达,从而降低血糖,调节血脂,减少TGF-β1对肾组织结构的损伤.     

转化生长因子β1及Smad2/3、4在糖尿病肾脏的动态表达及意义研究

目的 观察1型糖尿病大鼠转化生长因子β1(TCF-β1)及信号转导蛋白Smad2/3、Smad4蛋白在肾脏的动态表达,探讨它们在糖尿病肾病(DN)发生发展中的作用及其相互关系.方法 实验动物随机分为5组,依病程长短分为①A组(2周组),②B组(4周组),③C组(8周组),④D组(16周组),⑤E组(24周组),每组分别设有正常对照组(N组)和糖尿病组(DM组).采用尾静脉注射链脲菌素(STZ)法复制糖尿病大鼠模型;免疫组织化学方.法检测肾脏TGF-β1、Smad2/3、Smad4及纤连蛋白(FN)的表达;PAS染色光镜观察肾小球系膜、肾小管基底膜变化及细胞外基质沉积情况等的形态学改变;生化方法测定血糖、血肌酐及24h尿蛋白量.结果 正常对照组大鼠肾脏TGF-β1极少表达,Smad2/3、Smad4有少量表达.而糖尿病大鼠三者的表达均显著高于正常对照组;随糖尿病进展,肾组织纤连蛋白表达及24b尿蛋白都增多;糖尿病16周时肾脏TGF-β1表达分别与Smad2/3、Smad4及FN、24h蛋白尿均呈正相关关系.结论 STZ-1型糖尿病大鼠肾脏TGF-β1和下游信号转导蛋白Smad2/3、Smad4参与了肾病时肾脏肥大硬化的发生.     

游泳对攻击行为大鼠肾脏形态及HSP70表达的影响

探讨游泳运动对攻击行为大鼠肾脏形态及HSP70表达的影响。健康雄性SD大鼠42只,随机分为5组:安静对照组(A组,n=8),群居游泳组(B组,n=8),攻击对照组(C组,n=8),攻击游泳组(D组,n=8),入侵组(E组,n=10)。采用单笼饲养加入侵鼠攻击建立攻击模型,建模成功后,群居游泳组和攻击游泳组按照训练要求进行8周的游泳训练。取材制作大鼠肾脏切片,进行HE染色,采用免疫组织化学染色和Western Blot方法观察并分析大鼠肾脏HSP70的表达。与安静对照组相比,攻击对照组及攻击游泳组大鼠肾脏均存在不同程度的形态学改变,两者相比攻击对照组改变明显;群居游泳组大鼠肾脏HSP70蛋白表达显著低于安静对照组(P0.01),攻击对照组表达显著高于安静对照组(P0.01),攻击游泳组表达显著低于攻击对照组(P0.01)。双因素方差分析显示,游泳运动和攻击性应激的交互作用对大鼠肾脏HSP70蛋白的表达产生显著影响。中等强度游泳运动可以拮抗攻击行为大鼠肾脏过强的应激反应并减少形态学改变。     

苯那普利、氯沙坦在冷冻致慢性肾衰模型的疗效比较

目的　以冷冻致慢性肾衰模型比较苯那普利及氯沙坦的疗效.方法　用液氮冷冻大鼠肾建立慢性肾衰模型,采用临床诊断试剂盒检测大鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)水平,采用放免法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(ANGⅡ)水平,采用G250法测定24h尿蛋白量(UP·d-1),并进行肾脏病理学检查,比较假手术组、模型组、苯那普利治疗组及氯沙坦治疗组动物上述指标的差别.结果　与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠在造模后1周出现肾功能损伤,并持续至造模后4周;血浆ANGⅡ水平在造模后1周升高,以后逐渐下降;造模后4周部分肾间质及少数肾小球出现病理改变.苯那普利及氯沙坦治疗组对BUN及Src无明显影响,但可降低UP·d-1水平,其缓解尿蛋白作用,氯沙坦略好于苯那普利.苯那普利在造模后1至2周血浆ANGⅡ水平较模型组降低.病理检查结果表明,苯那普利组动物肾脏病变程度较模型组略轻.氯沙坦组动物肾组织基本病变同模型组.结论冷冻大鼠肾可引起肾功能损伤,在缓解尿蛋白方面,氯沙坦略好于苯那普利,对肾小球病理改变的影响,苯那普利略好于氯沙坦.     

木芙蓉叶有效组分对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

为了探讨木芙蓉叶有效组分 (MFR)对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用 ,采用大鼠肾缺血再灌注模型 ,木芙蓉叶有效组分灌胃给药 ,观察血清尿素氮 (BUN)、肌酐 (Scr)及肾组织病理变化 ,并检测白细胞介素 - 1(IL- 1 )的含量。结果再灌注 2 4 h后 ,治疗组血 BUN及 Scr明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;治疗组血液 IL- 1含量与非治疗组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而且治疗组肾组织病理损伤较非治疗组明显减轻。木芙蓉叶有效组分对肾缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用 ,其原因可能与抑制 IL- 1等的生成有关     

三七颗粒对STZ诱导的糖尿病模型大鼠足细胞转分化的影响

目的:研究三七颗粒对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的1型糖尿病模型大鼠的肾脏保护作用和足细胞上皮-间充质转分化(EMT)的影响.方法:24只8周龄雄性大鼠,随机选取8只为对照组,其余大鼠1次性腹腔注射质量分数为55 mg/kg的STZ构建1型糖尿病大鼠模型.随后,将糖尿病模型大鼠随机分为模型组和三七颗粒组(8只/组).三七颗粒组大鼠每天给予质量分数为0.4 g/kg的三七颗粒水溶液灌胃,对照组、模型组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃,连续12周.灌胃12周末测定大鼠血糖,检测尿微量白蛋白、尿肌酐、血肌酐及肾脏病理损伤,采用免疫组化法检测肾组织足细胞转分化骨架蛋白(desmin)、肾病蛋白(nephrin)和α平滑肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达.结果:与对照组比较,造模72 h后模型大鼠血糖浓度≥16.7 mmol/L,表明1型糖尿病大鼠模型建立成功.与模型组比较,三七颗粒组大鼠的尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐的值显著降低(P0.05);肾脏系膜增生面积率明显减少,肾脏足细胞足突融合数量明显减少(P0.05);肾组织中的desmin蛋白和α-SMA蛋白的表达显著降低(P0.05);nephrin蛋白的表达显著升高(P0.05).结论:三七颗粒可改善1型糖尿病模型大鼠足细胞的转分化程度,缓解肾脏病理损伤,降低尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐的值,可能因此而延缓糖尿病肾病的进展.     

芪丑汤拆方对ERS大鼠RIF分子伴侣作用的影响

研究芪丑汤拆方对肾间质纤维化大鼠肾组织内质网应激分子伴侣作用的机理.通过单侧输尿管梗阻建立大鼠肾间质纤维化的动物模型.将大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、依那普利组、芪丑汤全方组、温补脾肾组、泄浊化瘀组.分别于造模后第7天、第14天处死大鼠,收集大鼠血清测定肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN);摘取左侧肾脏,称肾脏重量比较分析,观察肾脏水肿程度;采用HE染色评定肾小管损伤指数,及肾间质纤维化程度;采用Western Blot免疫印迹法检测各实验组内质网分子伴侣GRP78、GRP94蛋白表达水平.结果表明,术后第7、14天,各治疗组与模型组比较,Scr、BUN的水平均明显降低(P0.01,P0.05);第7天芪丑汤全方组与依那普利组比较Scr水平有差异(P0.05);第14天芪丑汤全方组与依那普利组比较,降低Scr、BUN作用明显(P0.05);术后第7、14天,除14天的温补脾肾组外各治疗组与模型组相比,均能减小肾重(P0.01,P0.05);芪丑汤全方组与依那普利组比较能减轻肾重(P0.05);术后第7天芪丑汤全方组与模型组相比,能显著减轻肾小管损伤(P0.05);14天芪丑汤全方组与依那普利组比较,肾小管损伤作用有差异(P0.05);术后第14天,芪丑汤全方组和泄浊化瘀组与模型组比较GRP78、GRP94的蛋白表达有显著差异(P0.01),与依那普利组比较,芪丑汤全方组能显著抑制GRP78、GRP94的表达(P0.01).芪丑汤全方组能够保护单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠的肾功能;减轻肾脏肾盂积水;降低肾小管损伤指数;减少GRP78、GRP94的蛋白表达从而干扰内质网应激过程介导的细胞凋亡通路,阻碍细胞凋亡沉积引起的肾间质纤维化.各治疗组14天的作用效果优于7天,泄浊化瘀组优于温补脾肾组.     

游泳运动对2型糖尿病小鼠海马Aβ及生成相关蛋白的影响

为了了解8周的游泳运动对链脲佐菌素(Steptozotocin, STZ)所致2型糖尿病(T2DM)小鼠海马β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid, Aβ)及生成相关蛋白的影响。采用高脂膳食饲养结合腹腔小剂量注射STZ(25μg/kg)方法建立T2DM小鼠模型。把T2DM小鼠分为糖尿病对照组(DC)和糖尿病运动组(DE),正常小鼠作为普通对照组(C),DE组进行8周的无负重游泳训练, 5 d/周, 1 h/天, C组和DC组安静饲养。用Western Blot方法检测各组小鼠海马APP、BACE1、PS1和Aβ42蛋白相对表达情况。结果表明:(1)与C组比较, DC组小鼠海马BACE1蛋白相对表达水平显著增高(p0.01), PS1蛋白相对表达水平显著增高(p0.01), APP蛋白相对表达水平显著增高(p0.01), Aβ42蛋白相对表达水平显著增高(p0.01);(2)与DC组比较, DE组小鼠海马BACE1蛋白相对表达水平显著降低(p0.05), PS1蛋白相对表达水平显著降低(p0.01), APP蛋白相对表达水平显著降低(p0.01),Aβ42蛋白相对表达水平显著降低(p0.05)。8周的游泳运动抑制T2DM小鼠海马BACE1、PS1、APP蛋白相对表达水平,减少Aβ42蛋白相对表达水平。     

长期耐力训练大鼠肾组织不同功能状态下一氧化氮与一氧化氮合酶体系变化

目的研究长期耐力训练对雄性大鼠肾组织一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的影响.方法64只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为2组:对照组和耐力组.每组32只.耐力组进行8周跑台训练,对照组一直笼中饲养不训练.耐力组8周训练结束后,对照组和耐力组2组大鼠分别在直径70 cm的圆形塑料桶中进行2天适应性游泳,水深55 cm,水温32℃,每天15 min.第3天,两组大鼠分别于安静、游泳40 min、游泳力竭即刻、力竭后恢复24 h,4种状态麻醉处死取材,每种状态8只大鼠.安静状态大鼠不进行游泳直接取材,其余状态大鼠尾部负重3%体重的铅条,在圆形塑料桶中进行游泳.游泳40 min状态大鼠统一在游泳至40 min后取材.游泳力竭即刻状态大鼠统一在游泳至力竭即刻取材.力竭后恢复24 h状态大鼠从被确定为力竭后计时,经过24 h后取材.测定NO含量和NOS活性.结果耐力组与对照组相比,力竭即刻状态,耐力组NO含量极显著升高(P0.01);在24 h恢复后,耐力组NO含量极显著升高(P0.01).游泳40 min状态,耐力组NOS活性极显著降低(P0.01);力竭即刻状态,耐力组NOS活性显著降低(P0.05);在24 h恢复后,耐力组NOS活性极显著升高(P0.01).结论长期耐力训练增加了力竭即刻肾组织的NO含量,减轻缺血症状,增加了24h恢复期NO含量;长期耐力训练减小了运动过程中和力竭即刻肾组织NOS活性的升高幅度;增加了24 h恢复期NOS活性,对肾组织再灌注期的恢复有积极意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to