新疆棉铃虫病原微生物分离及其高效杀虫微生物的筛选

从新疆不同生态区自然死亡的980头棉铃虫上分离到360株细菌和12株病毒,经鉴定,其中气杆菌344株,球孢芽孢杆菌8株,粘质赛氏杆菌6株,苏云金芽孢杆菌2株,HaNPV病毒12株,依次占分离物的92.5%、2.2%、1.6%、0.5%和3.2%。从中选出19株细菌、1株HaNPV进行生物测定,结果在供试菌株中以35号和360号菌株及HaNPV毒力最强,其感染棉铃虫后的死亡率分别为80.0%、70.0%、70.0%,对其进行不同浓度的试验,经回归分析,2株苏云金芽孢杆菌35号、360号和1株HaNPV对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的毒力与浓度有高度相关性(r>0.900)。     

2-十三烷酮和槲皮素诱导棉铃虫谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶组织特异性表达

利用分光光度酶动力学和定量PCR的方法,从蛋白质水平和基因水平上研究了棉铃虫幼虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)的组织特异性表达和植物次生物质的诱导表达作用.结果表明,以1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯(CDNB)为底物检测到的棉铃虫幼虫不同组织GST的活性与其GST mRNA相对表达量的趋势是一致的.酶动力学活性测定结果表明的棉铃虫各组织GST活性大小的顺序与定量PCR结果表明的各组织GST mRNA相对量大小的顺序都依次为:脂肪体、中肠、头和体壁.通过培养基混药法研究植物次生物质对棉铃虫幼虫GST的诱导表明,2-十三烷酮和槲皮素对棉铃虫幼虫GST活性的诱导与其对mRNA表达量的影响是一致的.2-十三烷酮对GST活性及其GST mRNA表达量的诱导作用比槲皮素强.说明mRNA的转录量增加是植物次生物质诱导GST活性增加的主要机制.该结果对于进一步研究植物次生物质诱导作用对棉铃虫对杀虫药剂敏感度的影响具有重要的意义.     

2-十三烷酮和槲皮素诱导棉铃虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶组织特异性表达

利用分光光度酶动力学和定量PCR的方法，从蛋白质水平和基因水平上研究了棉铃虫幼虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的组织特异性表达和植物次生物质的诱导表达作用. 结果表明，以1氯2，4二硝基苯（CDNB）为底物检测到的棉铃虫幼虫不同组织GST的活性与其GST mRNA相对表达量的趋势是一致的. 酶动力学活性测定结果表明的棉铃虫各组织GST活性大小的顺序与定量PCR结果表明的各组织GST mRNA相对量大小的顺序都依次为：脂肪体、中肠、头和体壁. 通过培养基混药法研究植物次生物质对棉铃虫幼虫GST的诱导表明，2十三烷酮和槲皮素对棉铃虫幼虫GST活性的诱导与其对mRNA表达量的影响是一致的. 2十三烷酮对GST活性及其GST mRNA表达量的诱导作用比槲皮素强. 说明mRNA的转录量增加是植物次生物质诱导GST活性增加的主要机制. 该结果对于进一步研究植物次生物质诱导作用对棉铃虫对杀虫药剂敏感度的影响具有重要的意义.     

球孢白僵菌对棉铃虫细胞防御反应的影响

研究了球孢白僵菌（Ｂｅａｕｖｅｒｉａｂａｓｓｉａｎａ）对棉铃虫（Ｈｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓｚｅａ）细胞防御反应的作用发现五龄棉铃虫幼虫对球孢白僵有强烈的细胞防御能力，表明为吞噬作用和细胞集结作用，但伴随基结球孢白僵菌的细胞防御反应过程，棉铃虫的全血细胞，粒血细胞和浆血细胞的数量均下降，有吞噬能力的血细胞数量和比例也急剧减少，而球孢白僵菌却具有克服棉铃虫细胞吞噬和细胞集结的能力，能在虫体血腔中萌发和生长繁殖     

组织蛋白酶B在棉铃虫个体发育过程中的表达及活性研究

运用原位水解电泳、免疫印迹和免疫组织化学等方法系统研究了组织蛋白酶B（HCB）在棉铃虫个体发育过程中的表达及活性变化规律．研究显示,HCB的表达和活性随着胚胎发育的进行逐渐下降;整个幼虫阶段都没有HCB的表达和活性;整个蛹和成虫阶段虽然都有HCB的表达,但HCB的活性只能在发育晚期的蛹和成虫组织中检测到．这些现象表明,HCB的表达和活化属于翻译后控制,同时与棉铃虫的个体发育和组织分化有着密切的关系、     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂多分DNA病毒对棉铃虫前胸腺结构的影响

在研究棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)末龄幼虫前胸腺发育规律的基础上,采用体外注射方法研究了棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂(Campoletis chlorideae)多分DNA病毒对棉铃虫前胸腺的影响.光学显微镜下观察,注射3个雌蜂当量的萼液或4个雌蜂当量的病毒影响了棉铃虫的前胸腺细胞结构的完整性.透射电子显微镜观察发现,注射萼液或病毒使棉铃虫前胸腺细胞的细胞内通道系统明显萎缩甚至消失,细胞内圆形线粒体增多,溶酶体增多,环状的膜组织增多,有些细胞的细胞器已经裂解,细胞内堆积有大量颗粒状物质.这些现象说明,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的萼液或多分DNA病毒导致棉铃虫前胸腺失活并解体.     

2-氨基苯并噻唑锌配合物对棉铃虫生长发育的影响

选取数百条正常三龄棉铃虫,分成5组,分别饲喂含不同剂量的2-氨基苯并噻唑锌配合物的人工配制饲料,期间测量每条虫的体重,直至生长到六龄使用血细胞计数板对血细胞进行计数,再测定血浆中的T-SOD活性.结果显示:与对照组相比,饲喂含低剂量2-氨基苯并噻唑锌配合物饲料的棉铃虫的血细胞数目较多,T-SOD活力较强;饲喂含高剂量配合物饲料的棉铃虫受到严重抑制,几乎处于不生长状态.以上结果表明低剂量2-氨基苯并噻唑锌配合物对棉铃虫生长发育有促进作用,而高剂量的则有抑制作用.     

精氨酸激酶基因的蛋白表达及实时荧光定量分析

为构建棉铃虫精氨酸激酶基因(AK)的原核表达系统及确定2种不同品系的棉铃虫体内AK的表达量差异,以pET-28a质粒为表达载体,将AK基因重组转化至大肠杆菌BL21中进行原核表达。采用SDS-PAGE电泳及实时荧光PCR定量分析。结果表明:经IPTG诱导AK基因在大肠杆菌BL21得到表达,表达的融合蛋白其分子量与预测结果一致;石河子地区田间品系棉铃虫体内AK基因的表达量远远大于敏感品系棉铃虫体内AK基因的表达量为77.36%,表明石河子田间品系棉铃虫的生命代谢活动的能力要强于敏感品系。     

棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达及鉴定

以棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）组织蛋白酶B作外源基因重组构建克隆载体,自重组菌株HCB-DH10Bac、Histag-HCB-DH10Bac中提取穿梭质粒,脂质体法转染草地贪夜蛾卵巢细胞系Sf21细胞,转染液再感染细胞,收集感染3～4d的上清液,提取芽生病毒的DNA,PCR法鉴定外源HCB基因,感染上清进行SDS-PAGE、Western-blotting、蛋白酶活性检测．结果：感染上清中的芽生病毒的DNA作模板扩增出预期的1700bp片段,SDS-PAGE、westem-blotcing检测均在28ku处有明显表达产物,且表达产物有蛋白水解活性．     

转Bt棉不同生长期及不同器官杀虫蛋白表达量的免疫学方法测定

转苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringensis)杀虫蛋白基因棉花(下称Bt棉)在不同生长期及不同器官上对棉铃虫杀虫活性存在明显差异。目前国内普遍使用生物测试法检测Bt棉对棉铃虫的杀虫活性,但无法定量检测Bt棉中杀虫蛋白的表达量。本实验室建立的酶联免疫学测定方法(ELISA),可定量检测棉器官内杀虫蛋白的含量。它具有检测周期短,操作简便的优点。用ELISA方法检测Bt棉杀虫蛋白的含量,结果表明,棉叶和花瓣杀虫蛋白含量最高,铃和蕾次之。在棉株生长的后期,各器官杀虫蛋白的含量则有大幅度的下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that