Facile ball-milled synthesis of SnS2-carbon nanocomposites with superior lithium storage

A facile high-energy ball-milling method was developed to synthesize SnS_2-carbon(SnS_2/C-x(x = 40, 50, 60 wt%)) nanocomposites. The results showed that as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), the SnS_2-C nanocomposites exhibited high discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability. For the optimized SnS_2/C-50 wt% nanocomposite, a discharge capacity as high as 700 mA h g~(-1) and the initial coulombic efficiency of 80.8% were achieved at a current density of 100 mA g~(-1). The unique structure with SnS_2 nanoparticles(NPs)embedded into carbon network provided abundant Li-ion storage sites, high electronic conductivity and fast ion diffusion. The ball-milled synthesis is applicable for large-scale preparation of new sulfide-based anode materials with good performance for LIBs.     

Facile synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets for enhanced performance of lithium ion battery

Recently, metal oxides as high capacity anode materials had been investigated for lithium ion batteries.However, the fast capacity fading upon cycling leaded poor durability, which hindered their application as higher energy density of lithium ion battery. In this paper, a nanostructured nanocomposite with graphene supported CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) was prepared via simple hydrothermal reaction. The uniform CoFe_2O_4 NPs were anchored on graphene sheets, which brought a good performance on cyclability. Combined with the optimization of graphene content, the anode delivered a better capacity retention of 944 m A h g~(-1)over 50 cycles at current density of 100 m A g~(-1)and the good reversible capacity as 990 m A h g~(-1)when the rate returned from 5 A g~(-1)to 0.1 A g~(-1)after 60 cycles. The present work provided a desired structure for conversion anode materials or other electrode materials of large volume change.     

Sodium-ion capacitors with superior energy-power performance by using carbon-based materials in both electrodes

Na-ion capacitors(NICs) are promising energy storage devices in virtue of their merits in combining the high energy densities of secondary batteries and the high power densities of supercapacitors.However,it is still very challenging to achieve a balanced energy-power performance in NIC device due to the kinetic imbalance between the battery-type anode and the capacitive-type cathode.In this work,an NIC device based on carbon materials for both anode and cathode has been reported.As-prepared(polyimide/graphene oxide)-derived carbon(PIGC) anode material shows excellent rate capability,which can deliver a specific capacity of 110 mAh g~(-1) at high current densities of 5 A g~(-1).In addition,the N,B co-doped expanded reduced graphite oxide(NBEG)cathode demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 328 F g~(-1).Due to the improved rate capability of PIGC anode and specific capacitance of NBEG cathode,the imbalance on the energy and power densities between anode and cathode is well addressed.As-assembled PIGC//NBEG device can deliver an energy density of 55 W h kg~(-1) even at a high power density of 9500 W kg~(-1).The energy-power properties of PIGC//NBEG are superior to many state-of-the-art NIC devices that using carbon or non-carbon based electrodes.This work offers not only a promising device configuration with superior energy-power properties,but also a guidance for the design strategies on electrode materials for high-throughput energy storage systems.     

Hydrogen storage of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with Pd-Ni nanoparticles under moderate conditions

A type of novel material with a high hy-drogen storage capacity was prepared by supporting PdNi18 alloy nanoparticles,which were synthesized by using a new colloid method,on the surface of pretreated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The average PdNi18 alloy particle sizes calculated from XRD patterns were ca. 3 nm,and the high dis-persion of these particles on MWCNTs was con-firmed by TEM image. Hydrogen storage perform-ance of the composite was investigated under mod-erate pressure (0.1―1.5 MPa) at room temperature,and a maximum storage capacity of ca. 2.3 wt% was achieved under 1.5 MPa at room temperature,which was much higher than that reported previously under the same conditions.     

A designed core-shell structural composite of lithium terephthalate coating on Li4Ti5O12 as anode for lithium ion batteries

A core-shell structural composite was synthesized with lithium terephthalate（Li₂C₈H₄O₄） coated on spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂（LTO）. The composite displays a capacity of about 200 mA h g^-1 and a good rate capability with two charge/discharge platforms at 1.55 and 0.8 V. The excellent cycling performance of the composite is attributed to the successful combination of high cycling stability of LTO and high specific capacity of Li₂C₈H₄O₄. In addition, an interesting phenomena is observed for the first time for this composite which is that lithium ions transfer between LTO and Li₂C₈H₄O₄ at a fast speed. This is investigated in details via the asymmetric charge/discharge measurement and cyclic voltammogram（CV）.The LTO/Li₂C₈H₄O₄ composite may have potential applications to be used as an anode material for the electric vehicle batteries, which is shallowly charged/discharged at ordinary times using the charge/discharge platform of LTO and fully charged/discharged at emergency to release the extra high capacity from Li₂C₈H₄O₄.     

沉淀法制备Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05)及其水基超级电容器性能测试

以Mn(NO_3)_2和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀法合成了用作超级电容器电极材料Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05).扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果表明所制备样品呈层状板块形貌.电化学测试结果表明,Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05)是一种性能比较优良的超级电容器电极材料.在1mol·L~(-1) Na_2SO_4电解质溶液中,0~1V的电压范围内,充放电电流密度为200mA·g~(-1)时,比容量高达201F·g~(-1),库伦效率接近100%.     

Preparation of N-doped porous carbons via high internal phase emulsion template

Heteroatom doped porous carbon materials have great application prospects in supercapacitors. In the present study, an approach of preparing N-doped porous carbon(NPC) was proposed from porous poly(resorcinolformaldehyde-melamine) monoliths which were prepared by high internal phase emulsion(HIPE) template.Melamine was dissolved in the external phase and copolymerized, acting as the N source and porous structure regulator to provide micropore-dominant NPCs. The structure, morphology, specific surface area(SSA), and chemical composition of the samples were systematically studied. With melamine content increasing, N-doping content in NPC increased while the SSA of NPC increased at first and then decreased. When the content of N is 8.42 wt%, the obtained NPC showed the highest SSA of about 1670 m~2 g~(-1). Furthermore, high N doping content could improve the electronic conductivity and provide additional pseudocapacitance of NPC. Under the combined influences of proper N content and high porosity, the prepared NPC electrodes revealed excellent specific capacitance(228.0 Fg~(-1) at 1.0 A g~(-1), favorable circling stability, and prominent rate capability in a threeelectrode system with 6 M KOH solution as the electrolyte.     

Facile hydrothermal and sol-gel synthesis of novel Sn-Co/C composite as superior anodes for Li-ion batteries

As an anode material in lithium ion battery, the Sn-Co/C composite electrode materials have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal and solgel methods, respectively. The resultant composites were mainly composed of Snbased oxides, nanometer Sn-Co alloy and carbon. Carbon and Co, acting as buffer materials, can accommodate to the large volume change of active Sn during the discharge-charge process, thus improving the cycling stability. Although charge/discharge curves revealed the excellent cycle performance for samples synthesized by both methods, composites obtained by the sol-gel showed a better dispersion effect of nanoparticles on the carbon matrix and possessed much more improved stable capacity with 624.9 mAh g-1 over 100 cycles and that by hydrothermal method only exhibited ～299.3 mAh g-1. Therefore, the Sn-Co/C composites obtained by solgel synthesis method could be a perfect candidate for anode material of Liion storage battery.     

A novel monoclinic manganite/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite as a cathode material of lithium-air batteries

A novel composite of monoclinic manganite/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes （γ-MnOOH/MWCNTs） composite as a cathode material of lithium-air batteries was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Owing to the unique three-dimensional network of γ-MnOOH embedded in the porous structure of MWCNTs, the γ-MnOOH/MWCNTs composite could have an advantage of high electrocatalytic activities over those of two other kinds of cathode materials （MWCNTs and y-MnOOH/MWCNTs mixture）. The results of charge- discharge tests showed that the γ-MnOOH/MWCNTs composite as a cathode material of lithium-air batteries could effectively enhance the catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reduction （OER） process. The lithium-air battery based on y-MnOOH/MWCNTs composite exhibits low charge potential and high discharge capacity.     

球形多孔氧化钴/碳复合材料的制备及电容性能研究

采用水热合成和煅烧制备氧化钴/碳(Co3O4/C)复合材料,通过SEM、XRD、N2吸附实验等对该材料进行表征.制备的Co3O4/C复合材料为5μm大小,孔径约为30nm的多孔球形结构.在6mol/L的氢氧化钾溶液中进行电化学测试.结果表明,Co3O4/C复合材料具有良好的电容性能.在电流密度为1A/g时,比电容为143F/g.此外,Co3O4/C复合材料还表现出良好的循环稳定性,在1A/g的电流密度下,充放电循环1000次后,比电容保持率为77.8%.     

锂离子电池Sn-Co/C负极材料的制备与性能研究

采用高温碳化裂解技术，并通过高能球磨处理，制备得到改性的高容量Sn-Co/C负极复合材料.采用X射线衍射技术测试材料的物相结构、利用扫描电镜测试材料的表面形貌.同时利用恒电流充放电和交流阻抗技术测试材料的电化学性能.结果表明，高能球磨处理后，Sn-Co/C出现非晶、纳米晶的混合组织.电极的首次放电和充电容量分别为1098.9 mAhg-1和771.3mAhg-1，经40次循环后容量仍保持在425.1 mAhg-1；改性Sn-Co/C具有更高的锂离子扩散系数，这有利于提高合金材料的充放电性能.     

复合材料LiMn2O4/活性炭的电化学行为

利用充放电测试、循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法研究LiMn2O4/活性炭复合材料在1 mol/L LiPF6-EC/EMC/DMC有机电解液中的电化学性能.研究结果表明:复合材料同时具备超级电容器高功率密度和锂离子电池高能量密度的特点;复合材料的容量包含活性炭的双电层电容和LiMn2O4电化学反应的容量;当活性炭的质量分数为20％时,10C倍率下复合材料的首次放电容量高达76.4 mA.h/g,100次循环后容量几乎没有衰减(0.01％),与纯LiMn2O4电极相比有很大提高.     

CFRP-铝合金组合管Keiwitt网壳弹塑性稳定性

采用有限元方法研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)-铝合金组合管构成的Keiwitt网壳结构的弹塑性稳定性能,并与纯铝合金网壳进行对比。先通过组合管轴心受压的试验结果校验了有限元模型;再对CFRP-铝合金组合管构成的网壳进行全过程分析,其中考虑几何和材料非线性,获得了极限承载力;并研究矢跨比、初始缺陷和非对称荷载分布等参数对网壳稳定性能和极限承载力的影响;最后比较了组合管网壳与纯铝合金网壳的经济性。结果表明,组合管网壳的材料费用虽较高,但其承载力高,对几何缺陷和非对称荷载敏感性小,适合于建造大跨结构。     

CFRP-铝合金组合管Keiwitt网壳的弹塑性稳定性

采用有限元方法研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)-铝合金组合管构成的Keiwitt网壳结构的弹塑性稳定性能,并与纯铝合金网壳进行对比。先通过组合管轴心受压的试验结果校验了有限元模型;再对CFRP-铝合金组合管构成的网壳进行全过程分析,其中考虑几何和材料非线性,获得了极限承载力,并研究矢跨比、初始缺陷和非对称荷载分布等参数对网壳稳定性能和极限承载力的影响;最后比较了组合管网壳与纯铝合金网壳的经济性。结果表明,组合管网壳的材料费用虽较高,但其承载力高,对几何缺陷和非对称荷载敏感性小,适合于建造大跨结构。     

复合导电剂在超细炭微球超级电容器中的应用研究

导电剂能否在电极材料中形成良好的导电网络是影响超级电容器性能的关键因素之一. 以改进St?ber法合成了高比表面积且具有多级孔结构的超细空心炭微球,以其为电极材料,对比研究了碳纳米管/炭黑复合导电剂与单一导电剂对基于超细空心炭微球超级电容器性能的影响. 研究发现,在0.2 A/g的电流密度下,采用复合导电剂时其比电容为205.7 F/g,远高于单一导电剂时的比电容. 尤其在100 A/g的大电流密度下,采用复合导电剂时的比电容高达104.0 F/g,相比炭黑导电剂提高了275%. 分析表明,纤维状的碳纳米管和炭黑可在本身易团聚的超细空心炭微球中形成点-线协同作用的导电网络,这是提升超级电容器性能的主要原因.      

PtCo alloy nanoparticles supported on graphene nanosheets with high performance for methanol oxidation

PtCo alloy nanoparticles are deposited onto graphene sheets through a facile and reproducible hydrothermal method.During the hydrothermal reaction,the reduction of graphene oxide and PtCo alloy nanoparticles loading can be achieved.X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal a good crystallinity of the supported Pt nanoparticles in the composites and the formation of PtCo alloy.X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) results depict that Pt mainly exists in the metallic form,while much of the cobalt is oxidized.Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations show that the PtCo alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on graphene nanosheets compared with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs).This PtCo-graphene composite exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and high poison tolerance toward poisoning species for methanol oxidation reaction,far outperforming the Pt-graphene or PtCo-MWNTs composites with the same feeding ratio of Pt/carbon.     

超声-浸渍法制备介孔MnO_2及其性质表征

采用超声-浸渍法,以SBA-15为硬模板、Mn(NO_3)_2为锰源制备出介孔MnO_2. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气吸附-脱附以及热重-差热方法(TG/DTA)对样品的物理结构进行表征;用恒流充放电、循环伏安和电化学阻抗(EIS)考察样品作为超级电容器电极材料的性能. 结果表明,样品MnO_2复制了SBA-15的介孔结构,比表面积、平均孔径分别为282m~2·g~(-1)和2.75nm;介孔MnO_2作为超级电容器电极材料,具有良好的动力学可逆性,电荷转移电阻小,电化学活性较高,首次放电比容量为285F·g~(-1),循环500次后仍保持在210F·g~(-1).     

Design and Manufacturing of a Composite Lattice Structure Reinforced by Continuous Carbon Fibers

Introduction Three dimensional lattice materials are made up of in- terconnected lattices of straight struts. These materials are optimized as light-weight structural materials, and can be synthesized from polymers or light-weight met- als[1-3]. As struct…     

混凝土受弯构件加固中碳纤维的设计和应用

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维是一种用于混凝土构件加固的新型建材,它的密度只有钢筋的1/4,抗拉强度却是钢筋的10倍左右,而且耐腐蚀性、耐久性很好,应用价值受到业内人士的认可.对聚丙烯腈基碳纤维片材加固混凝土受弯、受剪、混凝土柱抗震加固的设计及施工应用进行了详细介绍和研究,为更好地在混凝土加固工程中应用提供了参考.     

NiO nanosheet assembles for supercapacitor electrode materials

In this paper, large scale hierarchically assembled Ni O nanosheets have been favorably fabricated through a facile hydrothermal route. The as-prepared Ni O nanosheet assembles were characterized in detail by various analytical techniques. The results showed these nanosheets present the thickness of about 30 nm and the surface area is 116.9 m~2 g~(-1). These NiO nanosheet assembles were used as the working electrode materials in electrochemical tests, which demonstrated a specific capacitance value of 81.67 Fg ~(-1)at the current density of 0.5 Ag~(-1)and excellent long cycle-life stability with 78.5% of its discharge specific capacitance retention after 3000 cycles at the current density of 0.5 Ag~(-1), revealing the as-synthesized NiO nanosheet assembles might be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications.