四川省玉米弯孢菌对玉米的致病性研究

为了明确四川省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病(Maize Curvularia leaf spot)病原菌的致病性分化情况,在四川省玉米弯孢菌种类鉴定和生物学特性研究的基础上,选用不同种类或不同来源的27个弯孢菌菌株,在感病品种川单13和抗病品种Mo17进行致病性测定.把病斑大小和产孢量作为弯孢菌致病性鉴定与评价的标准,结果发现不同种类的弯孢菌或同一种类不同来源的菌株对玉米均有致病性,而且各菌株之间存在致病性的分化,可初步划分为强、中等和弱致病力三种类型.     

不同杀菌剂对棉花尖孢镰刀菌的室内毒力测定

采用生长速率法在室内测定了6种杀菌剂对棉花尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的毒力作用.结果表明,受试的6个杀菌剂对棉花尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用.其中扑海因对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.043 ppm,多菌灵EC50为0.057 ppm.2种药剂的相关系数均在0.98以上,药剂浓...     

双孢蘑菇疣孢霉的分离鉴定及其杀菌剂的筛选

从四川崇州双孢蘑菇疣孢霉受灾严重地区分离到一株致病菌,通过其纯培养特征、微观形态特征及回复感染验证确定该致病菌为疣孢霉(Mycogone sp.).经过初筛、复筛从21种杀菌剂中筛选出对该株疣孢霉生长抑制效果较好的6种,测定两两复配对疣孢霉和双孢蘑菇菌丝生长的影响.结果表明杀菌剂复配使用比单一杀菌剂效果更好,实验确定了两个较好的复配组合:果鲜灵(100000倍稀释) 甲醛(40000倍稀释),施宝功(100000倍稀释) 洁霉精(20000倍稀释).它们对疣孢霉的生长抑制率均达到了100%,而对双孢蘑菇菌丝的生长几乎没有影响.     

三种杀菌剂对灰葡萄孢菌的毒力测定

采用培养皿滤纸抑菌圈法，测定三种杀菌剂（利得，克露，速克灵）不同浓度对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌能力。结果表明：三种杀菌浓度在５１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率利得为７１．３３％，速克灵为５９．６７％，克露为３４．６７％，２０ｍｇ／Ｌ时三种药物的抑菌平均为零。抑菌效果以利得最高，是速克灵的１．１２倍，克露的２．８５倍。     

6种杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽菌和长柄链格孢菌的室内毒力测定

正长柄链格孢菌(Alternaria longipes)和胶孢炭疽菌(Glomerella cingulata Spauld. H. Schrenk)是引起板栗内腐病的主要致病菌[1～3]。苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、唑醚戊唑醇、精甲噁霉灵、嘧霉异菌脲、异菌氟啶胺是目前农业上常用的杀菌剂,具有高效、安全、低毒、较强广谱性的特点,本试验选择上述6种杀菌剂采用菌丝生长速率法对长柄链格孢菌和胶孢炭疽菌进行室内毒力测定。     

四川省玉米弯孢叶斑病菌的种类及生物学特性研究

为了明确引致四川省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病（Maize Curvularia leaf spot）的病原菌种类和优势种,以便为病害的防治和抗病育种提供依据,对所获得的78个弯孢菌（Curvularia）菌株采用形态学分类法进行种类鉴定,结果鉴定出6个种或变种,其中属于新月弯孢菌（Curvularia lunata）种类的菌株占种群的61．5％,新月弯孢菌是四川省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的主要致病菌种类．对属于其中3个种的4个弯孢菌菌株进行生物学特性研究,结果表明,各供试菌株在不同条件下的生长速度都存在一定的差异．     

不同抗性玉米自交系对玉米弯孢菌侵染应答反应差异蛋白分析

采用Mg／NP-40及PEG预分离技术,在去除叶片高丰度表达蛋白主要是Rubisco的基础上,研究了鲁原92（高抗）,78599-1（抗）,E28（感）和黄早4（感）4个玉米自交系苗期叶片对玉米弯孢菌（Curvularia lunata）强致病株系CX-3侵染应答反应差异蛋白质图谱．接种病菌后抗、感自交系蛋白质点总数均明显增加;抗性自交系表达丰度上调二倍的蛋白点数多于感病自交系．对可能与抗、感病性明显相关的8个差异蛋白点进行了质谱鉴定,发现玉米萌发素类似蛋白GLP和翻译起始因子elF-5A与玉米对玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的抗性关系密切．     

河北省丝孢菌的研究：Ⅱ.弯孢属

对弯孢属(Curvularia Boedijn)的分类学作了简短的阐述。报道了河北省弯孢属真菌的10个种,其中4种为国内新记录种,5种为河北省新记录种。国内新记录种是枝孢弯孢(C.brachyspora Boedijn),香茅弯孢(C. cymbopogonis Grove & Skolko),中隔弯孢(C. intermedia Boedijn)和管突弯孢(C. protuberata Nelson & Hodyes);河北省新记录种是须芒草弯孢(C. andropogonis (zimm.)Boedijn),苍白弯孢(c.pallescens Boedijn),棒状弯孢(C. clavata Jain),膝曲弯孢(C. geniculata(Tracy & Earle)Boedijn)和近缘弯孢(C. affinis Boedijn)。文中有种的鉴定特征描述和分种检索表。     

寄主抗性胁迫下玉米弯孢叶斑病菌致病力相关蛋白与基因表达的分析

采用RT-PCR方法,研究了玉米弯孢菌的弱致病性分化型WS18在抗性玉米自交系M017,沈135,785991上分别继代接种后所得的各个世代菌株中Sod,Scdl,Brnl三种基因表达量的变化．Sod基因变化比较灵敏,继代前期有剧烈变化,而后恢复与原始菌株相当;而Scdl与Brnl基因表达量在继代前后均未发生显著性变化;这与基因所编码蛋白的表达量变化趋势有所差异．因此,在寄主一定程度的选择压力下病菌致病力相关蛋白的变化可能在mRNA水平并没有发生同步改变．     

玉米弯孢叶斑病菌ATMT转化条件优化及转GFP单孢的获得

为了明确玉米弯孢叶斑病菌的侵入机理,对农杆菌介导法（ATMT）转化弯孢叶斑病菌的条件进行了探究。以农杆菌AGL-1为侵染菌系、pCAMDGFP作为转化载体。结果表明,玉米弯孢叶斑病菌的ATMT最佳转化条件为：分生孢子萌发12 h后,与农杆菌在25℃黑暗条件下共培养48 h,共培养介质为微孔滤膜。转化效率可达到100～1...     

Analysis of the Protein Electrophoresis Patterns of Curvularia Lunata in Maize and Immunological Detection of the Pathogenic Culture

Twelve isolates of Curvularia lunata and six related species from maize or other host plants are examined for the analysis of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of their soluble proteins,Differences exist significantly among different species and the same species.There is a special protein band for Curvularia at relative mobility value 0.177(Rf 0.177) and a special protein band for C.lunata at Rf 0.225,Two kinds of rpimary antibodies to C.lunata are used to indirect ELISA and Avidin-Biotion-peroxidase Complex(ABC) immunoassay to evaluate their detecting sensitivity and specificity,The sensitivity of ABC immuno- assay is higher than indirect ELISA.APAbs to C.lunata is special to C.lunata.     

苦皮素G和苦皮素J的NMR数据解析

对苦皮素G和J进行了1H和13C NMR检测,通过DEPT和1H-1HCOSY,HSQC,HMBC等2D NMR技术对这两个化合物所有的1H和13C NMR信号进行了详细解析和全归属.     

苦皮素A的化学结构讨论

对苦皮素A进行了1H和13C MNR检测,通过DEPT和1H-1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等2 D NMR技术对该化合物所有的1H和13C NMR信号进行了全归属和详细解析,并采用HMBC技术对文献中与苦皮素A化学结构相关的错误报道进行了修正.     

Comparative proteomic analysis of the response in resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines to infection by Curvularia lunata

Proteins differentially expressed from maize leaves in response to the infection by Curvularia lunata strain CX-3 were identified through a high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) method. Two inbred lines, 78599-1 and E28, were used, respectively, as resistant and susceptible lines to CX-3 infection. Proteins were extracted from the fourth leaves of six- or seven-leaf stage plants sampled at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after inoculation with CX-3. Twenty-seven differentially expressed protein spots resolved on the 2-DE gels were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. The results showed that these proteins are associated with photosynthesis, respiration,oxidative and drought stress tolerance as well as signal transduction in maize. Among stress-related proteins, the 22 kDa drought-inducible protein, putative glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and translation initiation factor (eIF-5A) were up-regulated in the resistant inbred line and were implicated in host defense response to C. lunata infection. It suggests that drought-inducible and oxidation stress-related proteins might directly contribute to maize resistance to C. lunata.     

马铃薯晚疫病防治的药剂筛选试验研究

2007年在凉山州冕宁县马铃薯主产区开展了687．5g／L银法利SE、70%安泰生WP、58％甲霜灵．锰锌WP、25％甲霜灵WP四种杀菌剂防治马铃薯晚疫病的田间药效试验。试验表明,四种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病均有有明显的防治效果,其中687．5g／L银法利SE防病增产效果最佳。     

Proteomic comparison of four maize inbred lines with different levels of resistance to Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed infection

Protein profiles of leaves in four maize inbred lines with different disease resistance to pathogen Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)and mass spectrometry.Proteins were extracted from the forth leaf of maize seedlings 24 h after fungal inoculation,and fractionated by polyethylene glycol to precipitate the most abundant leaf protein,Rubisco,before gel separation.Protein profiles from 2-DE showed that total numbers of protein spots were increased in all four inbred lines inoculated with C.lunata CX-3 strain compared with the control.The numbers of changed protein spots in abundance were higher in resistant inbred lines than in susceptible ones,which implied that resistant inbred lines were more sensitive than susceptible ones to pathogen infection.Among proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS,germin-like protein GLP and translation initiation factor eIF-5A were supposed to play important roles in maize resistance against C.lunata infection.     

苦皮素A标准品的制备研究

为测定苦皮藤素产品中苦皮素A的含量,以控制苦皮藤素产品的质量,将苦皮藤根皮的95%乙醇提取物用硅胶柱分离、活性碳脱色后,利用制备高效液相色谱法制得苦皮素A的标准品,纯度达98.5%.制备型色谱柱为Shimpack PREP-ODS(20 mm×250 mm,15μm;)流动相为甲醇-水(体积比为703∶0)溶液;流速为15 ml/min;检测波长为232 nm;柱温为25℃.用13CNMR鉴定苦皮素A的结构.此方法得到的苦皮素A产品的纯度高,可用作分析方法的对照品.     

Proteomic comparison of four maize inbred lines with different levels of resistance to Curvularia lunata （Wakker） Boed infection

Protein profiles of leaves in four maize inbred lines with different disease resistance to pathogen Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)and mass spectrometry.Proteins were extracted from the forth leaf of maize seedlings 24 h after fungal inoculation,and fractionated by polyethylene glycol to precipitate the most abundant leaf protein,Rubisco,before gel separation.Protein profiles from 2-DE showed that total numbers of protein spots were increased in all four inbred lines inoculated with C.lunata CX-3 strain compared with the control.The numbers of changed protein spots in abundance were higher in resistant inbred lines than in susceptible ones,which implied that resistant inbred lines were more sensitive than susceptible ones to pathogen infection.Among proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS,germin-like protein GLP and translation initiation factor eIF-5A were supposed to play important roles in maize resistance against C.lunata infection.     

不同杀菌剂对毛豆豆荚炭疽病的防治效果研究

选用68.78%易保水分散粒剂、10%世高水分散粒剂等4种杀菌剂进行毛豆豆荚炭疽病的大田药剂试验。结果表明,68.78%易保水分散粒剂稀释1000倍的处理防治效果最好,该药对毛豆豆荚炭疽病的防效显著而且持久,在药后7d和14d时,相对防效均可达75%以上,优于其他杀菌剂。