Wolbachia在Drosophila auraria复合种和Drosophila simul …

用ＰＣＲ方法检测了多种果蝇中共生菌Ｗｏｂａｃｈｉａ的感染，发现，Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ ａｕｒａｒｉａ复合以及采集于北京地区的Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ ｓｉｍｕｌａｎｓ为Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ所感染，ＲＦＬＰ分析证实为单一感染，克隆了编码Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ外膜蛋白质的ｗｓｐ基因并进行了序列测定。     

灰飞虱共生菌Wolbachia引起的细胞质不亲和性

对我国６个地区和日本３个地区灰飞虱的Ｗｏｌｂａｈｉａ感染率，用ＰＣＲ技术进行了检测，结果表明中国的辽宁、北京、上海和云南的灰飞虱的Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ感染率均接近１００％；四川为５９．６％；而宁夏为０。各地区灰飞虱间的交配实验证明了在Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ引起的细胞质不亲和现象的存在，Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ１６ＳｒＤＮＡ的部分测序分析表明，上海、云南和日本出云的灰飞虱发的同为Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ ｐｉｐｉｅｎ     

Wolbachia在Drosophila auraria复合种和Drosophila simulans中的感染

用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法检测了多种果蝇中共生菌 Ｗ ｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ 的感染,发现 Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ ａｕｒａｒｉａ 复合种以及采集于北京地区的 Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ ｓｉｍ ｕｌａｎｓ为 Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ 所感染, Ｒ Ｆ Ｌ Ｐ分析证实为单一感染．克隆了编码 Ｗ ｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ 外膜蛋白质的 ｗ ｓｐ 基因并进行了序列测定．同时比较了 Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ ａｕｒａｒｉａ 复合种内 ４ 个种和采集于北京及美国加州的 Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ ｓｉｍ ｕｌａｎｓ 的线粒体的细胞色素氧化酶 ２ 亚基基因的部分序列． 进而讨论了 Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ 对 Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ ａｕｒａｒｉａ 复合种成员之间进化关系的影响．     

灰飞虱Wolbachia群体生物学的遗传特性研究

Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ是存在于多种昆虫生殖器官的一类共生菌,它可能在宿 主群体中引起细菌质不亲和性而给宿 主带来生殖优势。对灰飞虱体内的Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａｆｊｔｆｄｇｐｗ,ｖ ｇｍ ｐｇｃｆｍｗ ｑｎｎｋｕｄｙｊｒ ｄｏ ｎｕｉ     

贵州黔东南中,下寒武统凯里组下部Redlichia的发现及意义

本文描述了贵州黔东南中，下凯里组下部Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ的两个新亚各Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ及Ｒ．（Ｒ．）和一个未定种Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ（Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ）ｓｐ．，并讨论了Ｒｅｄｋｉｃｈｉａ在中下寒武统界线划分对比的作用及意义。     

木虱跳小蜂属一新种及一新记录种(膜翅目：跳小蜂科)

报道寄生木虱的２种跳小蜂,其中一个为新种,即密毛木虱跳小虱Ｐｓｙｌｌａｅｐｈａｇｕｓｄｅｎｓｉｃｌｉａｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．标本采自云南省,另一种为梧桐木虱跳小蜂Ｐｓｙｌｌａｅｐｈａｇｕｓｓｔｅｎｏｐｓｙｌｌａｅ（Ｔａｃｈｉｋａｗａ）系我国首次记录。     

卡内里虱蝇的染色体核型与减数分裂

在我国首次报道卡内里虱蝇（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｌｙｎｃｈｉａｃａｎａｉｅｎｓｉｓ）的染色体核型及第一次减数分裂的形态特征．该虱蝇二倍体细胞的染色体数目２ｎ＝６，由２对中部着丝粒的常染色体和１对性染色体组成。ｘ染色体为亚中部着丝粒，Ｙ染色体为端部着丝粒，且ｘ染色体长于Ｙ，本文还对该虱蝇的核型及其演化进行了比较分析．     

多能硫杆菌RubisCO基因的亚克隆及各种启动子对其表达的影响

将多能硫杆菌（Ｔｈｉｏｂａｃｉｌｕｓｖｅｒｓｕｔｕｓ）ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ基因从两个方向亚克隆到ｐＢＲ３２２和ｐＫＫ２２３－３载体上,通过酶切的方法对各种质粒的插入方向进行了确证．并进一步对这两种插入方向的质粒在大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ）中的表达情况进行了酶活性的测定,该基因片段在ｐＫＫ２２３－３载体的ｔａｃ启动子的启动下,表达活性比ｌａｃ启动子以及ｐＢＲ３２２载体上的Ｐ１和Ｐ２启动子高．     

贵州镇远竹坪地区下寒武统三叶虫新材料

贵州镇远竹坪地区寒武纪时处于扬子区与江南区之间的过渡区。区内各组地层均产出代表性的三叶虫。描述了产于镇远竹坪地区下寒武统中的部分三叶虫。计有５属５种及２未定种：Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ（ｐｅｔｒｏｒａｄｌｉｃｈｉａ）ｍｕｒａｋａｍｉｉ;Ｒ．（Ｐ．）ｍｕｒａｋａｍｉｉ ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａ;Ｗｕｔｉｎｇａｓｐｉｓ ｓｐ．;Ａｎｔａｇｍｕｓ ｃｆ．ｍｅｒｕｓ;Ａ．ｄａｐｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ;Ｙｕｅｈｓｉｅｕｓｚｅ     

扑虱灵对水稻褐飞虱的抗药性筛选及其监测

用扑虱灵对水稻褐飞虱进行抗药性筛选及抗药性监测，在室内筛选８个世代后，褐飞虱没有产生抗药性；对田间褐飞虱种群连续３ａ的抗药性监测中，也未发现褐飞虱对扑虱灵的抗药性。可见室内抗药性筛选和田间抗药性监测的结果是致的。这些结果说明，褐飞虱对扑虱灵不容易产生抗药性，或者抗药性发展缓慢。     

Wolbachia在灰飞虱体内的分布

灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatellus)能传播水稻条纹叶枯病,是我国主要的水稻害虫,有些灰飞虱体内含有细胞内共生菌－Wolbachia。Wolbachia是一种细胞质遗传的细胞内共生菌,这类细菌改变了宿主的生殖行为,引起细胞质不相容（CI）,雌性化及孤雌生殖等现象,导致带有Wolbachia的宿主具有生殖优势。采用PCR和Western杂交的方法分析Wolbachia的灰飞虱体内不同组织的分布状况,发现灰飞虱体内Wolbachia除存在于生殖组织外,还广泛分布在头、胸、腹、唾液腺、消化道等非生殖组织中。这种广泛的分布状态说明Wolbachia是在昆虫体内引入、表达与传播外源基因的良好媒介。     

Infectious parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia bacteria are reproductive parasites that cause infected female wasps to produce daughters without mating. This manipulation of the host's reproduction enhances the transmission of Wolbachia to future generations because the bacteria are passed on vertically only from mothers to daughters. Males are dead ends for cytoplasmically inherited bacteria: they do not pass them on to their offspring. Vertical transmission of Wolbachia has been previously considered to be the main mode of transmission. Here we report frequent horizontal transmission from infected to uninfected wasp larvae sharing a common food source. The transferred Wolbachia are then vertically transmitted to the new host's offspring. This natural and unexpectedly frequent horizontal transfer of parthenogensis-inducing Wolbachia intraspecifically has important implications for the co-evolution of Wolbachia and their host.     

Wolbachia variability and host effects on crossing type in Culex mosquitoes

Wolbachia is a common maternally inherited bacterial symbiont able to induce crossing sterilities known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in insects. Wolbachia-modified sperm are unable to complete fertilization of uninfected ova, but a rescue function allows infected eggs to develop normally. By providing a reproductive advantage to infected females, Wolbachia can rapidly invade uninfected populations, and this could provide a mechanism for driving transgenes through pest populations. CI can also occur between Wolbachia-infected populations and is usually associated with the presence of different Wolbachia strains. In the Culex pipiens mosquito group (including the filariasis vector C. quinquefasciatus) a very unusual degree of complexity of Wolbachia-induced crossing-types has been reported, with partial or complete CI that can be unidirectional or bidirectional, yet no Wolbachia strain variation was found. Here we show variation between incompatible Culex strains in two Wolbachia ankyrin repeat-encoding genes associated with a prophage region, one of which is sex-specifically expressed in some strains, and also a direct effect of the host nuclear genome on CI rescue.     

Somatic stem cell niche tropism in Wolbachia

Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria found in the reproductive tissue of all major groups of arthropods. They are transmitted vertically from the female hosts to their offspring, in a pattern analogous to mitochondria inheritance. But Wolbachia phylogeny does not parallel that of the host, indicating that horizontal infectious transmission must also occur. Insect parasitoids are considered the most likely vectors, but the mechanism for horizontal transfer is largely unknown. Here we show that newly introduced Wolbachia cross several tissues and infect the germline of the adult Drosophila melanogaster female. Through investigation of bacterial migration patterns during the course of infection, we found that Wolbachia reach the germline through the somatic stem cell niche in the D. melanogaster germarium. In addition, our data suggest that Wolbachia are highly abundant in the somatic stem cell niche of long-term infected hosts, implying that this location may also contribute to efficient vertical transmission. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of an intracellular parasite displaying tropism for a stem cell niche.     

Molecular Identification of a Wolbachia endosymbiont in Trichogramma dendrolimi

Wolbachia is a common and widespread group of bacteria found in arthropods. These bacteria have evolved various mechanisms for manipulating reproduction of their host. The presence of Wolbachia in a lab strain of the arrhenotokous species Trichogramma dendrolimi was observed by the amplification and sequencing of part of the wsp gene. Aligning the resulting sequences with already published ones, the phylogenetic relationships between Wolbachia found in Trichogramma dendrolimi and in other Trichogramma wasps was established, and the phylogenetic relationships of Wolbachia in Trichogramma were not congruent with their hosts Trichogramma. Some factors contributing to this uncongruence are discussed here.     

两种蚂蚁体内wolbachia的WSP基因序列测定

应用WSP基因通用引物,通过PCR方法,对所采日本弓背蚁和棒刺大头蚁体内的 wolbachia进行检测．结果发现在部分蚂蚁个体中可以扩增出约550 bp(日本弓背蚁)和530 bp(棒刺大头蚁)的特异性目的片段．表明所采集的蚂蚁标本中具有沃尔巴克氏体．将所得WSP基因序列与Gen Bank中的蚁科已知wolbachia品系WSP基因序列作比对分析,发现它们同A大组的 InsA组的wolbachia株十分相近．     

基于光谱技术的稻飞虱虫害聚类研究

为了实现可靠的稻飞虱虫害诊断,使用PR715光谱辐射度计采集了健康水稻叶片、有幼虫寄生的叶片、单个体成虫及参考白板的光谱值,获得各个阶段稻飞虱病虫害的光谱。由于原始光谱在谱线的两端噪声比较大,因此用滤波方法对光谱进行平滑处理,得到相对平滑的反射率光谱曲线。采用主分析、欧式距离和余弦3中方法进行聚类分析,其中主成分分析、余弦的分类正确率为100%,欧式距离的平均分类正确率均为：92.24%,相对较差。实验结果证明,光谱分析方法在一定程度上能快速、精确提取稻飞虱病害的信息,实现聚类分析,为对稻飞虱病虫害进行快速、精确和非破坏性诊断提供技术支持。     

16S rRNA基因的PCR-DGGE技术分析茶尺蠖幼虫肠道细菌种群结构及多样性

利用16S rRNA的PCR-DGGE（变性梯度凝胶电泳）技术分析研究了茶尺蠖肠道内细菌的种类与多样性.通过对16S rRNA序列分析,从茶尺蠖野外种群肠适中鉴定了11种细菌,这些细菌分属于沃尔巴克氏菌（Wolbachia）、肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）、沙雷氏菌属（Serratia）、梭菌属（Clostridium）、肠球菌属（Enterococcus）、暂定类群EO1;其中以肠杆菌、沃尔巴克氏菌、沙雷氏菌属最为常见.另外,也鉴定了一种茶树叶绿体上的16SrRNA基因.茶尺蠖幼虫体内的共生菌多样性分析结果,将会为害虫综合治理提供一条全新的探索途径.