Tree-ring-based annual precipitation reconstruction in Kalaqin, Inner Mongolia for the last 238 years

A tree-ring-width chronology of Pinus tabulaeformis from Kalaqin, Inner Mongolia was developed using modern dendroc hronological techniques. Based on the results of correlation function analysis, the total precipitation from the previous August to current July was reconstructed for 1771-2008 AD with an explained variance of 49.3%. The reconstruction correlated well with the dryness/wetness series derived from historical documents, as well as the precipitation reconstruction of the Chifeng-Weichang region. T...     

Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history and paleoclimate of the Tengger Desert,northwestern China

With a total area of 36000 km2, the Tengger Desert is the fourth largest desert in China. The Qilian Mountains demarcate the southwestern boundary of the desert andthe Helan Mountain on the east separates the desert from the Mo Us Desert. The Yabulai Mountain on thenorthwest borders the Tengger Desert and the BadainJaran Desert and the Loess Plateau touch its southern tip (Fig. 1). Climatically, the area is situated at the junction of the hyper-arid northwest, the arid to semi-arid sou…     

Variations of the spring precipitation day numbers reconstructed from tree rings in the Urumqi River drainage,Tianshan Mts. over the last 370 years

The tree-ring cores of Tianshan spruces col-lected from nine sites in the Urumqi River drainage of the middle Tianshan Mountains were used to establish three types of the tree-ring width chronologies over the last 370 years, using the international standard method of dendro-chronology. Our study demonstrates that dendrochronologycan be better used to reconstruct the number of the precipi-tation day than to reconstruct the precipitation amount in middle Tianshan Mountains. It is found that the residual chronology among the three tree-ring width chronologies has the best relationship with number of spring precipitation days from May 20 to June 8. The chronologies at Haxiong-gou B site and Zaierdegou site in the Urumiqi drainage have the highest correlation with the observed number of spring precipitation days at Daxigou meteorological station, and are used to reconstruct the spring precipitation days over the last 370 years in the drainage. The main significant decreasing trend of the number of the spring precipitation days oc-curred during 1665--1717, while the significant increasing trends happened during 1805--1841 and 1914--1943. The reconstructed series of the number of spring precipitation days has quasi-periodic variations of 3.3, 2.1, 2.5, 12.3 and 32.0 years with the dominated short periodical changes. The long cycle of 32 years is shown quite clearly in the 10-year smoothed sequence. The maximum spring precipitation days occurred mainly in the 1630s, 1840s and 1940s, while the lowest number of spring precipitation days for the 10-year average occurred in the 1710s.     

Late Pleistocene／Holocene wetland events recorded in southeast Tengger Desert lake sediments, NW China

The area along the eastern and southeastern margins of the Tengger Desert, NW China, which is sensitive to the summer monsoon variations, was selected for studying the environmental conditions surrounding the transition between Paleolithic foragers and Neolithic farmer/pastoral-ists. Short cores were obtained from four lake basins in the southwestern Tengger using a hand-driven piston coringdevice. Proxies from these cores were supplemented by ra-diocarbon ages obtained from lake sediment cores, shoreline features and spring mound deposits. Together these records provide evidence of millennial-scale climate change eventsfrom the Pleistocene-Holocene transition to the present.Lake/wetland events, representing periods of more intensive summer monsoon, occur in the records at-12.7-11.6,-10.1, -9.3, -8.0, -5.4, -1.5, and -0.8 ka BP. They do suggest that century- to miliennial-seale climatic cycles are characteristic of the Holocene in the southeastern Tengger Desert although the chronology must be considered extremely tentative.     

腾格里沙漠南缘末次冰消期微量元素反映的古气候环境

腾格里沙漠南缘土门剖面52L~41FD层段由3层风成沙丘砂、2层湖相沉积、2层古土壤和5层砂黄土构成. 分析结果表明：微量元素含量的高低变化依次为Mn、P、Sr、Rb、Cr、V、Zn、Ni、Cu、Nb,各元素含量在砂黄土、古土壤和湖相沉积中表现为相对峰态,而在沙丘砂层段中则呈现为相对谷态;在垂直方向上,各微量元素含量随着各沉积相的多次更替,构成了10条峰谷交替的锯齿状形态的元素波动过程线. 结合研究区地理位置与微量元素特征,认为可用Zn（ppm）、P（ppm）为代表作为气候替代性指标,指示本区东亚冬夏季风变化. 据此划分出了8个冷暖波动事件：冷干事件,即C1(11 870~11 640 a BP)、C2(12 650~12 050 a BP)、C3(13 340~13 010 a BP)、C4(13 810~13 620 a BP), 暖湿事件, 即W1(12050~11870 a BP)、W2(13010~12650 a BP)、W3(13620~13340 a BP)、W4(14850~13810 a BP). 本研究与格陵兰GRIP冰芯和中国南京葫芦洞H82石笋之间较高的同步性,这表明,腾格里沙漠南缘气候波动可能与格陵兰气候变化受相同的高纬动力驱动.     

中国北方中部地区近五十年气温和降水的变化趋势

基于中国北方中部地区150个气象站点的气象数据,对该地区近50年来气温和降水量的倾向率及其空间分布运用线性趋势分析和空间插值等方法进行分析.结果表明:该地区气温在近50年呈现出整体上升趋势,且2月份的升温最为显著;气温变化趋势的分布格局上,东南部升温速率较西北部低;平均最低气温上升趋势明显,对气温升高的贡献率较大;降水量呈下降趋势,下降区域主要集中在35~40°N之间,且主要与7、8月份降水量减少有关.     

A wetness index derived from tree-rings in the Mt. Yishan area of China since 1755 AD and its agricultural implications

Dendroclimatological techniques were employed to investigate the relationship between Chinese Pinus(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) growth and climatic variability in the Mt.Yishan region of Shandong Province, China, over the past253 years. Using regression analysis, the wetness index(WI)was reconstructed for the Mt. Yishan area for the period1755–2007 AD based on tree-ring widths; predictor variables accounted for 40 % of the variance. The reconstructed timeseries displayed an increasing trend after the late 1960 s. Both the estimated and the observed WI for May–August were better correlated with precipitation than temperature during the period 1958–2007 AD, indicating that the contribution of precipitation to the WI was larger than temperature in the study area. The reconstructed WI was compared with the dryness/wetness index of China and land areas that were affected by droughts and floods using the agricultural statistics for Shandong Province. In addition, the WI time-series corresponded well with the peanut yield in Shandong Province at high frequency, which may be reasonable in the context of agriculture in Shandong. The 3-, 5- to 6- and 9- to10-year periodicities detected in the time-series suggested that the reconstructed WI in the Mt. Yishan area may be related to large-scale climate variations.     

Groundwater recharge and climatic change during the last 1000 years from unsaturated zone of SE Badain Jaran Desert

The history of groundwater recharge and cli-matic changes during the last 1000 years has been estimated and reconstructed using environmental chloride from un-saturated zone profde in the southeast Badain Jaran Desert,NW China. By using a steady-state model for duplicate un-saturated zone chloride profiles, the long-term recharge at the site was estimated to be 1.3 mm yr^-1. From one profde,which reached the water table, the climatic change events of 10-20 years duration were well preserved. There were 3 wet phases and 4 dry episodes during the recent 800 years ac-cording to the peaks and troughs of recharge rate calculated via chloride concentration and moisture content. There was a dry episode before 1290 AD. At ca. 1500-1530 AD, which is an important date, there was an abrupt change from drought to wet conditions. At the beginning of the 1800s, local climate changed from wet to dry occurred and subsequently dete-riorated over the past 200 years,The unsaturated profile was compared with the Guliya ice core records.The agreement of wet and dry phases from 1200 to 1900 AD is quite good,whilst trends diverged during the last 100 years.It seems that the large-scale climate difference took place between mountain regions and the desert basin in NW China during the 20th century,which closely correspond to the water table reduction of some l metre.     

Decadal-scale precipitation variations in arid and semiarid zones of northern China during the last 500 years

Regional decadal precipitation reconstructions for the arid and semi-arid zones of northern China were established by the use of different palaeoclimate archives such as ice-cores, tree-rings, lake sediments and written historical documents. Local rainfall reconstructions from single sites were averaged to obtain regional precipitation records for western and eastern regions of an arid and semiarid zone of northern China, respectively. All established regional precipitation curves display 5 dry periods, each lasting about 50 years. Meanwhile, precipitation reconstructions show regional dissimilarities. During the last 500 years, the trends of precipitation change in the eastern arid region are basically consistent with those in the western and eastern regions of the semiarid zone. Precipitation variations in the western arid region are unique, showing significant local patterns of rainfall variability. Maximum entropy method (MEM) spectral estimates show that each regional precipitation series contains stationary century-scale periodicities of about 120 a.Singular spectrum analysis was applied to isolating the century-scale oscillation signals from the regional proxy precipitation series. Significant periods with wavelengths of 121.4a, 154.6a, 124.3a, 118.6a, 108.5a and 121.4a were found 26.56%, 26.44%, 28.87%, 18.67%, 33.48% and 34.04% of the variances of the original series for the western arid zone,the eastern arid zone, the whole arid zone, the western semiarid zone, the eastern semiarid zone and whole northern China, respectively.     

He-Ar isotopic system of fluid inclusions in pyrite from the molybdenum deposits in south margin of North China Block and its trace to metallogenetic and geodynamic background

The helium and argon isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluids from the molybdenum deposits such as Jinduicheng, Donggou, Shijiawan, and Sandaozhuang, which are located in the East Qinling molybdenum belt in south margin of North China Block （SMCNB）, are reported in this paper. The origin and the evolution of the ore-forming fluids and their coupled-relationships with the intra-continental collision and orogenic process of Qinling Orogen in Mesozoic-Cenozoic have been discussed. The 3He/4He and 40Ar/36Ar values （3He/4He=1.38-3.64 Ra, and 40Ar/36Ar=295.68-346.39, respectively） of the fluid inclusions in pyrite from the molybdenum deposits in East Qinling suggest that, the ore-forming fluid system is mixed by two end members. One is the high temperature deep-derived fluid congenetic with the porphyries generated by crust-mantle mixing, and the other is the low-temperature meteoric water which is rich in crustal radiogenic He with the component of atmospheric Ar. From the Pb isotopic composition, and ore-bearing potential of the porphyry and the regional stratum, we can conclude that the ore-forming materials of the deposits in the East Qinling molybdenum belt are derived from the deep source by the mixing of lower crust and upper mantle. Therefore, the formation of the molybdenum deposits in SMNCB can be related to the crust-mantle interaction, which is accompanied by the intra-continental orogenic and extension process in the post-collision period of Qinling Orogen. The granitic porphyries which are related to Mo mineralization are not simple crust-remelting type granites or S type granites, but belong to syntexis-type or mantle-derived granites, hence their formation has a profound and regional geodynamic background.     

准南八道湾组扇三角洲岩相特征及分流河道砂体对比的约束条件

准噶尔盆地南缘八道湾组露头主要发育9种岩相,4种典型的岩相组合,为典型的扇三角洲沉积,扇三角洲平原分流河道是主要储集砂体类型.露头剖面精细解释表明,基准面上升与下降半旋回转换面附近,单砂体孤立状分布.随着基准面不断下降,砂体呈多边-多层式叠置.剖面实测结果显示八道湾组扇三角洲平原分流河道的宽厚比为15～22.不同资料约束下的单砂体室内对比结果表明:约束条件较少时,厚层砂体的对比结果也相对准确,薄层砂体的对比准确性随室内研究人员掌握资料程度增加而提高.基准面旋回约束砂体的垂向叠置形式,宽厚比控制单砂体的侧向延伸距离.     

Reconstruction of temperature series in China for the last 5000 years

A temperature series with a 100 year resolution for the last 5000 years in China has been reconstructed by using 31 long-term temperature proxy series selected from recent publications in the last 20 years. The proxy records include pollens, stalagmites, lake-sediments, peat, ice cores and historical documents. The result reveals that in the millennial scale temperature variation it was warm in 3050-250 BC and it was cold in 250 BC-1950 AD. In the above two periods there were many stages of sub-scale temperature fluctuations. The result also shows an obvious temperature discrepancy on the century to multi-century scale between the Eastern Monsoon Region, the Qinghai-Tibet Region and the Northwestern Region in 2850 BC, 2350 BC, 1350 BC, 950-350 BC, 50-250 AD, and 550 AD. A comparison between the reconstructed series of this paper and some North Hemisphere temperature series indicates that in the long-term scale change, the temperature change in China is in phrase with that of the Northern Hemisphere during the last 5000 years, while on the century to multi-century scale there are differences at the beginning and end times, which may imply that temperature change does not occur simultaneously in different regions.     

近50年来吉林省气温和降水变化趋势分析

利用近50年来吉林省20个气象站1953—2001年的气温及降水观测数据,采用DB16正交小波分析、非参数统计检验Mann-kendall法对气温与降水的变化趋势进行了研究.结果表明:近50年来,吉林省气温存在明显的增温趋势,降水呈现减少趋势;在不同的时间尺度上,气温、降水的变化趋势存在差异,尺度越大趋势性反应的越明显;气温、降水的年季变化趋势在空间分布上有所不同.     

黔南拗陷石炭系层序地层特征及岩相古地理

黔南拗陷石炭系是开展层序地层研究的代表性地区.依据露头层序地层学方法,将研究区石炭系实测剖面划分为2个二级层序和12个三级层序,拗陷腹部石炭系层序发育齐全,而靠近继承性古陆边缘或沉积高地的浅水区通常缺失下部1～3层序.以二级层序体系域为编图单元,共编制5张黔南拗陷石炭系各期层序岩相古地理图.其中SS1的LST期黔南地区...     

南大巴山褶断带西段中新生代构造应力场的节理研究

利用X节理及节理擦痕反演了南大巴山前陆断褶带西段构造应力场(状态).早期平面X型节理发生于J3-K1,σ1方向NE-SW,σ2直立.稍晚的"断坪-断坡"型节理及剖面X节理,σ1同样NE-SW向,但σ2为NW-SE向.K2-E的与褶皱主期同期的逆冲型纵节理σ1方向NE-SW,σ2为NW-SE向.稍后的走滑型斜节理及横节理σ1也是NE-SW向,σ2为铅直方向.右旋走滑型纵节理是由前期逆冲型纵节理在褶皱作用的后期(E)由于褶皱轴的顺时针旋转而转化来的,σ1方向近SN向.逆冲型横节理及斜节理由前期走滑型横节理及斜节理在NW-SE向压应力作用下转化而来,时间约为E末.左旋趋势的纵节理和正断趋势的纵节理形成于第四纪,是NE-SW向拉张应力场以及EW方向的挤压应力场作用下形成的.形成本区多期应力场力源分别来自于北大巴山的向南西推覆作用(J3-E),江南古陆区的向NW方向的挤压(古近纪末)以及上扬子克拉通的向南东运动(新近纪至第四纪).     

High－resolution precipitation variations in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau over the last 800 years documented by sediment cores of Qinghai Lake

Short cores of about 80-cm retrieved from three main basins of th e deepwater areas in Qinghai Lake,the largest inland enclosed lake in China, were studied. Sta-ble isotopes of authigenlc carbonates, grain-size, carbonate and organic matter content at 5-year resolution are used to reconstruct the climatic history over the last 800 years in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Chronology was established according to 210^pb dating and 137^Cs methods and the core corrdation. It is found that cores from different deep basins of the lake can be well correlated. The sedimentary rate is highest in the western basin of the lake and lowest in the east.In the southern basin of the lake where the short core Qing-6is located, the recent average sedimentation rate is 0.1004cm/yr. Variations in effective precipitation recorded by the oxygen isotopes and grain size data durine the last 800 years are consistent with the glacial accumulation record form the Dunde and Guliya ice cores. A dry climate lasted for 300 years from 1200 AD to 1500 AD, followed by a wet period from 1500 to 1560 AD. The two dry periods, 1560 to 1650 AD and 1780 to 1850 AD, were the results of southwest monsoon weakening. The effective precipitation generally increased since 1650 AD due to the strengthening of the Asian South-west Monsoon, resulting in a wet period until the 1950s. Ex-cept the early stage, the Little Ice Age on the Plateau is characterized b y increased effective moisture. Organic mat-ter content, with nearly 200-year cycles, shows similar trend with the atmospheric delta earbon-14 before the 1850s, indi-eating that the bioproductivity responds to solar activity.     

中国南方海相油气成藏条件地区差异性

由于基底性质、地层组合特征及不同地质历史阶段构造背景的不同,南方海相不同地区的油气成藏地质条件表现出明显的差异性.平面上,可划分为7种地质结构类型、2大类6种形式的埋藏史类型、4种类型的油气成藏组合,在区域盖层、有效烃源岩及构造运动对保存条件的影响方面也表现出明显的地区差异性.综合上述油气地质因素的差异,可以将中国南方海相划分为四川盆地区、黔中古隆起及其周缘、江汉盆地南部及苏北盆地等中新生界覆盖区、湘鄂西-武陵-黔南滇桂地区、以龙门山前与米仓山-大巴山前等为代表的山前带5种类型的地区,这些地区的油气成藏地质条件均具有各自不同的特征,从而也具有不同的油气勘探前景与勘探对象.     

中国西部经济发展战略的反思与重构

讨论了中国自１９７８年以来实施区域不平衡发展战略对西部社会经济发展的影响，西部实际发展的结果与不平衡战略的理论设想在很大程度上是相左的，在分析未来西部发展的环境基础上，提出构筑西部社会经济持续发展的思路．     

塔河南盐下地区中奥陶统一间房组沉积环境分析

通过对塔河南盐下地区28口钻井岩心中奥陶统一间房组的详细描述和3 200余块薄片的鉴定,确认其主要的岩石类型有生屑灰岩、生物灰岩、藻球粒灰岩、含核形石灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、内碎屑灰岩、微晶灰岩、海绿石灰岩.在这些碳酸盐岩中,藻类、棘皮类、双壳类以及造礁生物苔藓虫、珊瑚、层孔虫、海绵等生物大量出现,表明一间房组沉积时期总体应为一个水体循环状况良好、盐度正常充氧的浅海沉积环境.在综合分析其岩石学特征、测井资料,结合地震资料,划分出台内滩、滩间、点礁三种沉积相,并讨论了一间房组早、晚期沉积相的空间展布特征,编制了各时期的古地理图,为油气勘探提供了地质指导.