染料敏化太阳能电池用固态电解质研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是近十几年来发展起来的新型高效率、低成本电池。电解质是关系到该电池稳定性的重要材料。介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池电解质的分类,讨论了准固态电解质和固态电解质的优缺点及其研究进展。使用传统的液态电解质获得的光电转换效率较高,但稳定性受到一定的影响,使用准固态电解质和固态电解质制备的染料敏化太阳能电池,稳定性有了较大的提高。重点讨论了准固态电解质以及无机p型半导体材料、有机p型半导体材料和导电高聚物等几种主要的固态电解质的特点和相应的电池稳定性。     

Optimization of polymer electrolytes for quasi-solidstate dye-sensitized solar cells

The dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 thin filmsolar cells (DSSCs) have attracted much attention since1990s[1— , due to their high light to electrical energy 4]conversion efficiency. So far, many studies have beenmade on the use of liquid electrolytes such as acetonitrile,3-methoxypropionitrile and a mixture of ethylene/pro-pylene carbonate (EC/PC) containing I? /I3 redox cou-?ple. A light to electrical energy conversion efficiency of7%— 12% has been obtained for DSSC using liquid e…     

高性能复合固态电解质的制备及固态锂金属电池性能研究

固态锂金属电池相较于传统液态电池,其能量密度更高、安全性更好,具有巨大的应用前景。但聚合物固态电解质离子电导率低、强度低、电化学稳定性差,阻碍了其进一步发展。将丁二腈与聚碳酸丙烯酯通过无溶剂法加以玻璃纤维作为支撑制备了室温下高性能的复合固态电解质。所制备的复合固态电解质在室温下离子电导率达3.06×10^?4 S/cm,锂离子迁移数达0.47,电化学窗口最高达4.3 V;其锂金属对称电池在电流为0.1 mA/cm²的条件下,稳定循环超400 h;磷酸铁锂固态锂金属电池0.5 C循环100次的容量保持率为95.9%,展现出良好的循环稳定性。     

蒙脱土对PEO-PDMS基聚合物电解质的性能影响

分别将钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)和有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)引入到聚氧化乙烯-聚硅氧烷(PEO-PDMS)聚合物电解质体系中,通过溶液浇铸法制备得到新型蒙脱土复合聚合物电解质材料.适量加入蒙脱土,可有效降低聚合物体系的结晶度,提高聚合物电解质的电导率,室温下样品Na-MMT-6%电导率达到2.24×10-5 S/cm.同时,蒙脱土质量分数的增高还有利于聚合物电解质体系的热稳定性及力学性能的提高.此外,由于有机改性蒙脱土片层间距较钠基蒙脱土大,因此相同添加量下,二者对聚合物电解质的材料性能的影响存在差异.      

改性PVDF-HFP基凝胶电解质的合成及锂金属电池性能研究

开发高质量的固态电解质,对制造新一代安全稳定的固态锂金属电池具有重要意义。以聚偏氟乙烯–六氟丙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, PVDF-HFP)为聚合物基体,引入MOF-808作为活性填料,采用溶液浇筑法制备了新型凝胶聚合物电解质。优化后的凝胶聚合物电解质在室温下的离子电导率高达3.21 mS/cm,电化学稳定窗口可达5.0 V、具有较高的Li^＋迁移数(0.63)、与锂金属具有良好的界面相容性。组装的磷酸铁锂全电池在0.5 C倍率下循环250次,容量保持率为86.7%。高性能凝胶聚合物电解质对提升锂金属电池的循环稳定性与安全性具有重要的应用价值。     

Study on the Ion Association in PVdF-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte

IntroductionGel polymer electrolytes were originally described byFeuillade and Perche[1]and further characterized byAbraham and Alamgir[2 ,3], and formed by trapping liquidorganic solutions in a polymer matrix. Compared with solidpolymer electrolytes , gel polymer electrolytes can contactwith electrode tightly and have a room temperatureconductivity of above 10-3S·cm-1,so they are of practicalinterest for the development of new-design,advancedlithiumbatteries . A variety of polymers as poly…     

凝胶聚合物电解质MnO2/AC电容器的研究

采用液相氧化法制备了MnO2超级电容器电极材料,以MnO2为正极材料,活性炭(AC)为负极材料,丙烯腈作聚合物单体,碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与碳酸乙烯酯(EC)的混和液作增塑剂,高氯酸锂为支持电解质,采用内聚合法制备PAN基凝胶聚合物电解质MnO2/AC混合电容器.通过循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒流充放电等测试方法对混合电容器的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明:混合电容器的工作电压为2.5 V,比容量为27.3 F/g(i=0.5 mA/cm2),比同电解质体系的AC/AC电容器提高约48.21%.     

P(AN-MMA)/TiO_2 Nano-composite Polymer Electrolyte by in-situ Polymerization

1 Introduction With the development of portable electric devices,polymer lithium ion batteries (PLiBs) have been widely used as the power sources because of their high energy density and safe property[1].P(AN-MMA) copolymer is a kind of cheap macromolecules easily dissolving in the polar solvents such as carbonate,it has been applied as gel polymer electrolyte in PLiBs.Here we prepare a kind of highly conductive nano-composite polymer electrolytes using the P(AN-MMA) copolymer incorporated with TiO2 nan...     

Effect of cationic groups in organic sulfide electrolyte on the performance of CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cells

Two organic sulfide redox couples derived from 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole （McMT）： tetrabu- tylammonium thiolate （McMT-TBA＋）/disulfide dimer （BMT） and tetramethylammonium thiolate （McMT- TMA＋）/BMT were incorporated into quantum dots sensitized solar cells （QDSCs） as alternatives to the inorganic polysulfide electrolyte （Na2S/S）. It was found in symmetrical cells test that the interfaces of the organic sulfide electrolytes/platinum counter-electrode have much lower charge transfer resistances as well as higher interface reaction rates compared with that for the inorganic one. Besides, QDSCs based on organic sulfide electrolytes exhibited obviouslyhigher fill factors, open circuit photovoltages, and therefore higher conversion efficiency, thanks to the prohibited recombination and lower redox potential. In addition, by comparing and analyzing the performance of devices based on organic sulfide electrolytes with different cationic groups, it is found that cationic group TMA＋ with smaller size was favorable for the mass transport in the electrolyte, which explains the better photovoltaic performance of McMT-TMA＋/BMT based solar cell than that of McMT-TBA＋/BMT based one. Eventually, a power con- version efficiency （PCE） of 0.63 % was achieved for QDSCs using McMT-（TMA＋）/BMT redox couple as electrolyte, which was till now the highest for CdS QDSC based on organic sulfide electrolyte.     

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Network Polymer Electrolyte Containing Polyether in the Main Chains and Side Chains

1 Results A new network polymer electrolyte matrix with polyether in the side chains and main chains was synthesized by the azo-macroinitiator method and urethane reaction.The macroinitiator,polymer and network polymer were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR.FT-IR was also used to study the environment of lithium ions doped in these network polymer electrolytes.Three important groups are considered: N-H,carbonyl,and ether groups.The thermal properties of the polymer ...     

Li/LiFePO<Subscript>4</Subscript> battery performance with a guanidinium-based ionic liquid as the electrolyte

A new guanidinium-based ionic liquid (IL) was investigated as a novel electrolyte for a lithium rechargeable battery. The viscosity, conductivity, lithium redox behavior, and charge-discharge characteristics of the lithium rechargeable batteries were investigated for the IL electrolyte with 0.3 mol kg⁻¹ lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt. Li/LiFePO₄ cells incorporating the IL electrolyte without additives showed good cycle properties at a charge-discharge current rate of 0.1 C, and exhibited good rate capabilities in the presence of a mass fraction of 10% vinylene carbonate or gamma-butyrolactone.     

聚酯及其电解质的热稳定性

以酯交换反应合成了聚丁二酸酯系列,与高氯酸锂制成固体电解质。通过对聚酯及其电解质的热失重分析,将其热分解进行了动力学处理,结果表明这一系列聚酯分解温度相近,与链节单元长度无关;聚酯电解质的热稳定性比聚酯差,且随无机盐含量提高而降低。利用色-质谱联用技术,剖析了聚酯及其固体电解质的分解产物,提出了它们各自的分解机理。     

高比容铝电解电容器关键技术进展

简述了铝电解电容器的国内外发展现状,评述了近年来铝电解电容器用高介电常数复合阳极氧化膜及工作电解液的研究进展,指出了相关的技术难点和存在问题,探讨了高比容铝电解电容器的未来技术发展趋势。     

Proton Conducting Polymer Electrolytes and Its Applications

1 Introduction Proton conducting solid polymer electrolytes have been extensively studied due to their potential applications in electrochemical devices such as batteries, super capacitors, electrochromic windows, sensors etc~([1,2]). Many researchers have studied the behaviour of inorganic based polymer electrolytes as proton conductors and their applications in solid state devices at room temperature~([3]). But, inorganic acid doped electrolytes have some serious disadvantages like corrosion…     

基于尼龙6和聚偏氟乙烯复合隔膜的凝胶聚合物电解质

通过连续静电纺丝法制备了具有三明治结构的尼龙6(PA6)/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/尼龙6三层复合膜,并将其用作锂离子电池凝胶聚合物隔膜.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到该隔膜由无序的纳米纤维交织而成,具有大量的相互贯通的3D孔道.用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了隔膜的热稳定性,其特殊的多孔三明治结构及2种材料的搭配可...     

固态锂电池聚合物电解质研究进展

聚合物作为一种固态电解质具有优良的力学和机械性能,它的性质很大程度上决定了固态锂电池的电化学性能。对部分近期比较热门的聚合物电解质的研究进展进行简要总结,将不同聚合物电解质的性能和优缺点进行比较和讨论,并且对聚合物电解质的研究发展进行展望。     

Characteristics of electric double layer in different aqueous electrolyte solutions for supercapacitors

Aiming to find suitable electrolytes for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC),the relationship between the formation velocity of electric double layer and the specific capacitance in different electrolyte (H 2 SO 4,KOH,KCl,NH 4 Cl,and LiOH) solutions was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance with varying frequency and potential,which was also analyzed based on Stern model and Gouy-Chapman diffusion layer model.It shows that the capacitance is positively correlated with the formation velocity of the electric double layers,which is affected by the type of ions applied,the concentration of the electrolyte solution,and the potential and frequencies as well.The electrolyte solutions of 6 mol/L KOH and 4 mol/L H 2 SO 4 provide the largest capacitance,reaching 214 and 186 μF/cm 2,respectively.Both 6 mol/L KOH and 4 mol/L H 2 SO 4 solutions are suitable electrolytes for EDLC applications using Pt as electrodes.     

锂离子电容器碳酸乙烯酯基电解液的研究

采用2种碳酸乙烯酯基电解液制作了基于活性炭正极和软碳负极的软包装锂离子电容器(LICs),研究了器件的直流内阻、倍率、阻抗和循环稳定性等电化学性能.结果表明:通过向碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)的混合溶剂中加入碳酸丙烯酯(PC),得到双氟磺酰亚胺锂电解液(1.2 mol/L LiFSI : (EC/PC/DEC)), 可使LICs具有更低的内阻和更佳的倍率性能,而且低温下其电化学性能亦有显著提高.研究结果对于开发低内阻和低温LICs的电解液具有重要意义.     

溶剂和酸处理对聚吡咯膜电性能的影响

在大气氛围中,采用电化学沉积的方法在钽电极表面合导电聚吡咯膜,实验发现,机械拓磨促进了电极表面缺陷位置的增加,有利于聚吡咯膜的形成,从对支撑电 液老化机理的探讨出发,讨论了溶剂组分对聚吡咯膜电气性能的影响,由于吡咯单位的质子化作用是导致支撑电解液老化的根本原因,因此采用亲核性强的１,２－丙二醇碳酸酯（ＰＣ）和亲核性稍弱的乙腈（ＡＮ）混合溶剂配制支撑电解液,既可以合成出具有较高电导率的吡咯膜,又可以