负载型纳米光催化材料的制备及在污水处理中的应用

利用熔融分相法制备了纳米TiO2光催化村料，用XRD，SEM，TEM技术对其结构进行了表征，并进行了光催化降解污水的实验。结果表明：在600℃热处理条件下，经过适当的化学处理，可以制得负载于多孔玻璃的锐钛矿型纳米尺寸的TiO2晶体，以紫外光为光源的降解率明显高于荧光光源，在日光照射下对污水处理的降解率，达到60％以上，通过掺杂Fe^3＋改性的TiO2其降解率明显提高。     

纳米TiO_2/玻璃纤维光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

利用负载纳米TiO_2的玻璃纤维对罗丹明B有机染料的光催化降解,分析纳米TiO_2的光催化降解性能.通过扫描电镜观察了纳米TiO_2样品的形貌,X射线衍射仪对所得样品进行结构分析,并用紫外可见分光光度计研究了纳米TiO_2光催化降解罗丹明B的效果.研究结果表明,纳米TiO_2对罗丹明B的光催化降解率受反应条件的影响较大.其最佳工艺条件:1.0×10~(-4)mol/L的罗丹明B溶液、Ti片质量0.05 g、400℃煅烧处理、反应液p H=0.     

纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能的评价

采用钛酸四丁酯在酸性条件下水解生成溶胶、凝胶,进而将凝胶干燥、煅烧、研磨过筛,制成锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米晶。通过X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜等手段表征产品的组成、结构、形貌和粒径等。测定TiO_2纳米晶在紫外光条件下催化亚甲基蓝和甲基橙降解率,评价其光催化降解性能。实验结果表明,纳米TiO_2光催化降解亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的反应均符合一级动力学方程,且降解亚甲基蓝的反应速率常数明显高于降解甲基橙的速率常数。     

大比表面积TiO_2纳米球的合成及其可见光降解Cr(Ⅵ)和双酚A的协同作用机理

以钛酸四正丁酯作为钛源,十八烷基胺为模板剂,采用溶胶凝胶法结合水热反应法合成了TiO_2纳米球,并考察了煅烧温度对TiO_2纳米球形貌的影响.结果表明,当煅烧温度为350℃时,所制备的TiO_2纳米球具有最佳形貌,且其比表面积可达159.878 m~2/g,约为目前商用TiO_2 P25(54.041 m~2/g)的3倍.另外,通过Cr(Ⅵ)和双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)的可见光降解实验,对所制备的TiO_2纳米球的光催化性能进行了测试.结果表明,TiO_2纳米球在可见光条件下可有效降解水体中的Cr(Ⅵ)和BPA;此两种污染物的降解呈现协同效应,且TiO_2纳米球的比表面积决定了其光催化性能,在350℃煅烧条件下制备的TiO_2纳米球具有最优的光催化性能.     

还原氧化石墨烯-TiO_2复合纳米材料制备与光催化性能

利用新型碳材料还原氧化石墨稀对TiO_2进行改性,以期提高TiO_2的光催化活性.采用溶剂热法,以氧化石墨烯(GO)和钛酸四丁酯(Ti(OBu)4)为原料,成功制备了不同还原氧化石墨烯含量的RGO/TiO_2纳米复合材料.运用XRD、TEM、FT-IR和UV-vis等手段研究了复合材料的性质,同时以甲基橙(Methyl Orange,MO)为模型,评价了不同反应条件下制备的复合物的光催化性能,讨论了不同还原氧化石墨烯含量、催化时间等对复合物的光催化性能的影响.在甲基橙评价模型基础上,将制得的具有最佳光催化性能的RGO/TiO_2复合材料进行致病大肠杆菌的抗菌实验,以此来检验RGO/TiO_2纳米复合材料的抗菌效果.实验结果表明,采用溶剂热法在180℃下煅烧6h制得RGO/TiO_2纳米复合材料,锐钛矿相TiO_2通过C-O-Ti键均匀地分布在片层还原氧化石墨烯载体上.RGO/TiO_2复合材料对甲基橙溶液的降解率明显高于纯纳米TiO_2.当制备复合材料时GO的初始投加量为40mg时,制得的RGO/TiO_2复合材料对甲基橙的降解率达到50%.同时,该RGO/TiO_2纳米复合材料对致病大肠杆菌有明显的抗菌作用.     

TiO_2/x-GO纳米复合纤维的制备及其光催化性能的研究

为了提高TiO_2半导体的光催化性能,以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,氧化石墨烯(GO)粉末为添加剂,制备了不同GO浓度的前驱体溶液,然后采用静电纺丝法制备了TiO_2/x-GO纳米复合纤维。利用XRD,SEM表征分析了纳米复合纤维的物相结构、成分、结晶性和微观形貌。将纳米复合纤维加入亚甲基蓝溶液中,以可见光照射条件下亚甲基蓝的光催化降解率来表征纳米复合纤维的光催化性能。结果表明:添加GO粉末可降低TiO_2的团聚,提高其在纤维中的分散性,增大TiO_2/x-GO纳米复合纤维的比表面积;GO与TiO_2形成的异质结有利于提高TiO_2纳米复合纤维的结晶性和光催化性能。TiO_2/2-GO的光催化效果达到最佳,降解60 min时可达到99%的降解率。此外,使用静电纺丝制备的TiO_2/x-GO纳米复合纤维可避免TiO_2在使用过程的损耗而造成的浪费,更好地满足工业废水处理的需求。     

Yb掺杂量对混晶相TiO_2可见光催化活性的影响

采用简单的溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土Yb掺杂混合晶相TiO_2纳米粉体,通过XRD、XPS、TEM、FT-IR、UV-Vis-DRS、PL和Nano-sizer纳米粒度仪等对样品进行表征,以可见光辐照下催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)为模型,研究了Yb掺杂对纳米TiO_2的结构和可见光催化活性的影响.结果表明,Yb掺入TiO_2后在表面存在Yb~(3+)和Yb~(2+)两种形态,Yb掺杂抑制了TiO_2从锐钛矿向金红石的相转变,阻碍晶粒生长,增加了纳米TiO_2表面-OH数量;适量的Yb掺杂可促使合适比例的金红石与锐钛矿的混晶相形成,有效降低TiO_2光生e~-/h~+对的复合率,扩大吸收光谱的波长范围,提高TiO_2光催化活性.当热处理温度500℃、掺杂量n(Yb):n(Ti)=0.009时Yb-TiO_2样品在普通日光灯下对MB在6 h内的光催化降解效率达95.2%,明显高于同等条件下纯TiO_2样品的降解率56.4%.     

锐钛型纳米TiO_2材料分散工艺与技术研究

锐钛矿纳米TiO_2催化活性高,被应用于光催化降解汽车尾气中。然而,纳米TiO_2颗粒在溶液中容易产生自发的凝聚行为,严重影响了其光催化降解汽车尾气性能。文章通过试验研究了分散剂种类和掺量、分散方法、分散时间对锐钛矿纳米TiO_2分散性能的影响规律,并对锐钛矿纳米TiO_2在水中的分散稳定性进行了评价。试验结果表明,合适的分散剂先机械剪切搅拌然后进行超声波分散能够显著地提高锐钛矿纳米TiO_2在水中的分散稳定性。在试验的基础上,进一步研究了锐钛矿纳米TiO_2在溶液中的团聚机理,提出了一种改善锐钛矿纳米TiO_2在水溶液中稳定性的新方法。     

石墨烯纳米复合物的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用水热法制备出TiO_2及其TiO_2/石墨烯纳米复合物,通过XRD、SEM、TEM等对材料晶型、TiO_2纳米颗粒在体系中的微观结构及分散状态进行了表征,利用紫外-可见漫反射谱对材料在可见光区的响应进行了研究,并通过在可见光照射下降解甲基橙溶液评价了TiO_2/石墨烯纳米复合物具有比纯TiO_2更高的光催化活性.结果表明,水热反应温度为200℃,反应时间为24h制备出的TiO_2/石墨烯纳米复合物具有最高的可见光催化活性,当TiO_2/石墨烯纳米复合物在12mg/L甲基橙溶液中的投入量为1g/L时,在3min内的降解率达99.9%.     

基于复合纳米光催化材料的隧道尾气降解研究

将复合光催化材料TiO_2-CeO_2应用于隧道钢渣沥青混合料中,研究复合光催化材料TiO_2-CeO_2对隧道内汽车尾气的降解效能.首先研发了一套能模拟隧道环境的尾气降解试验装置,然后研究了复合光催化材料TiO_2-CeO_2对隧道钢渣沥青混合料路用性能的影响,最后通过降解效能与降解速率的评价得出了复合光催化材料TiO_2-CeO_2在隧道钢渣沥青混合料中的最佳用量.结果表明:将复合纳米光催化材料应用于隧道钢渣沥青混合料中,在纳米TiO_2的掺量为50%、纳米CeO_2掺量为0.7%时会达到光催化效率、光催化效能的峰值,该掺量下对NO和HC的降解效率峰值高达89%和95%,30 min内降解速率分别高达626.3 mg/(m~3·min)和74.75 mg/(m~3·min),且隧道钢渣沥青混合料的路用性能符合要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with