贵州非褶菌物资源生态及其地理分布

报道了贵州境内非褶菌物17科60属262种，其中以鸡油菌科Cantharellaceae、齿菌科Hydnaceae、齿耳菌科Steccherinaceae、耳匙菌科Auriscaopiaceae、皱孔菌科Meruliaceae、杯珊瑚菌科Clavieoronaceae、丛枝珊菌科Ramariaceae、锁瑚菌科Clavulinaceae、珊瑚菌科Clavariaceae、革菌科Thelephoraceae、伏革菌科Corticiaceae、韧革菌科Stereaceae、牛舌菌科Fistulinaceae，多孔菌科Polyporaceae中的种最为常见，其中8种为中国新纪录，29种为贵州省新纪录。     

连云港台南盐田中嗜盐和耐盐菌群分布的调查

2001年、2002年冬春夏3季在连云港台南盐场取卤水和底泥样品，对嗜盐菌和耐盐菌的分布状况进行调查．结果表明，不同盐度(6．6％-32．3％)盐池中栖息着不同的菌群，夏季嗜盐菌和耐盐菌数量较高，主要以盐单胞菌属、海球菌属、盐水球菌属等非芽孢菌为优势菌，低盐度(6．6％-9．9％)池中耐盐菌数量高于嗜盐菌，中盐度(13．8％-17．4％)池中耐盐菌数量接近嗜盐菌，高盐度(20．2％-32．3％)池中主要为极端嗜盐菌．此外，底泥中嗜盐菌和耐盐菌的数量一般高于卤水中．     

不同药液浸泡树棒培养蜜环菌材试验

本文对六种不同药液浸泡树棒培养密环菌菌材进行了研究，结果表明：0．5ppm三十烷醇加300ppm单宁酸的混合液浸泡树棒，培养蜜环菌，其接菌率高、菌生长势好，明显优于沿用已久的0．25％硝酸接溶液浸泡树棒培养密菌菌材的方法。     

贵州南部喀斯特地区非褶菌名录I

本文报道了贵州南部喀斯特地区非褶菌物8科20属44种，其中鸡油菌科Canharellaceae 11种、齿菌科Hydnaceae3种、齿耳菌科Steccherinaceae3种、耳匙菌科Auriscaopiaceae1种、皱孔菌科Meruliaceae3种、杯珊瑚菌科Clavicoronaceae1种、丛枝珊菌科Ramariaceae7种、锁瑚菌科Clavulinaceae3种、珊瑚菌科Clavariaceae4种、革菌科Thelephoraceae3种、伏革菌科Corticiaceae1种、韧革菌科Stereaceae4种、牛舌菌科Fistuliaceae1种，有12囊为贵州省新纪录。     

黑翅土白蚁菌圃对采食工蚁的踪迹活性

【目的】研究菌圃、杂交鹅掌楸树干外表皮、密粘褶菌松木粉培养物提取液对黑翅土白蚁采食工蚁的踪迹活性，揭示培菌白蚁食物采集、加工、分配过程中信息联系机制，以便开发针对培菌白蚁的高效食性饵剂。【方法】利用划线法测定采食工蚁对上、中、下层主巢菌圃与副巢菌圃的踪迹反应率与选择系数，选出最佳提取试剂；利用划线法比较菌圃、杂交鹅掌楸外表皮、密粘褶菌松木粉培养物提取液对采食工蚁的踪迹活性；测定采食工蚁对菌圃提取液踪迹活性的浓度效应。【结果】正己烷提取液的踪迹活性最高，乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯提取液之间踪迹活性呈现不规则变化，蒸馏水提取液踪迹活性最低；主巢下层菌圃踪迹活性物质含量高，为最佳提取材料；浓度（x）-踪迹反应率（y）方程：y = 1.695 8x3 - 13.346x2 + 30.137x + 33.409。【结论】黑翅土白蚁共生菌圃对采食工蚁具有明显的踪迹活性，踪迹活性强度显著高于采食工蚁林间采集材料（杂交鹅掌楸树干外表皮），与密粘褶菌松木粉培养物相近。主巢下层菌圃踪迹活性最高，主巢上层菌圃次之，主巢中层菌圃和副巢菌圃最低，但相互之间差异不显著。正己烷为最佳提取溶剂。     

西双版纳橡胶,胡椒和咖啡根际土壤放线菌区系研究

不论干雨季，橡胶、胡椒和咖啡根际土壤放线菌中，链霉菌的分离频率最高，占总分离频率的４０％以上．其中，三作物根际土壤的链霉菌、链轮丝菌、马杜拉放线菌和孢囊放线菌等属的分离频率干季高于雨季、而小单孢菌、诺卡氏菌、游动放线菌、间孢囊菌和钦氏菌等属的分离频率雨季高于干季     

青海主要林区白粉菌物种多样性研究

为明确青海森林植物白粉菌名录及区系特征，本研究对青海主要林区进行为期4年的调查采样，获得白粉菌标本625份，结合形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定白粉菌5族7属49种，9个寄主新记录，1个中国新纪录。其中白粉菌族(Erysipheae)和离壁壳族(Cystotheceae)为优势族，白粉菌属(Erysiphe)、单囊白粉菌属(Podosphaera)、高氏白粉菌属(Golovinomyces)为优势属。主要涉及寄主植物31科66属100种，寄主类群主要为菊科(Asteraceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)植物。生态成分分析结果表明：白粉菌在青海林区垂直分布明显，主要分布在中山针阔混交林中，共36种，占总种数的73.5%;其次分布在亚高山灌丛中，共31种，占总种数的63.3%。地理成分以世界广布型为主，共19种，占总种数的38.8%;其次为北温带型14种，占总种数的28.6%。区系亲缘关系与日本白粉菌区系相似，同时与甘肃、内蒙古白粉菌区系具有较高的相似性。本研究为青海白粉菌生物多样性研究提供了本底资料。     

平菇栽培技术改革研究

从四个方面研究平菇栽培技术，即菌料的研究，菌料尽量利用当地资源下床料、啤酒糟、稻草等；接种技术研究，采用接种钉开放式的接种；管理技术的研究，主要是在菌袋上采用人工补水，人工补营养，喷施菌活剂，促进菇现蕾等管理技术；菌种选育，采用自选自育。     

生物砾间接触氧化反应器中原核生物多样性及其对剩余污泥减量化的贡献

采用分子生物学手段，通过构建16S rRNA基因文库，对新型剩余污泥减量化处理技术——生物砾间接触氧化反应器 （GCOR） 中悬浮颗粒的原核生物多样性进行了系统发育分析，并讨论了多种原核生物共存对剩余污泥减量化的贡献. 结果表明，颗粒的原核生物可分为好氧呼吸菌群与厌氧水解发酵菌群两大类. 其中，优势菌群分别是以呼吸代谢为主的假单胞菌属和以发酵为主要代谢方式的拟杆菌/噬纤维菌菌属，它们的16S rRNA序列各占文库的17%.此外，好氧菌群中还发育有α蛋白菌、β蛋白菌、γ蛋白菌、亚硝化螺菌属、土壤杆菌属、衣原体属、葡萄糖杆菌属及褐色高温单孢菌属细菌；厌氧菌群中则发育属于螺旋体属、δ蛋白菌、反硝化菌、乳杆菌属、真杆菌属的原核生物.反应系统中两大相反环境多种原核生物的共存，为在降解污水有机物的同时，达到剩余污泥减量化做出巨大贡献.     

平菇栽培技术改革研究

从四个方面研究平菇栽培技术，即菌料的研究，菌料尽量利用当地资源下床料、啤酒糟、稻草等；接种技术研究，采用接种钉开放式的接种；管理技术的研究，主要是在菌袋上采用人工补水，人工补营养，喷施菌活剂，促进菇现蕾等管理技术；菌种选育，采用自选自育。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~