电离层数字测高仪中的脉冲压缩技术及其FPGA实现

使用现代雷达信号处理系统中广泛应用的数字脉冲压缩技术,在FPGA硬件平台上设计实现了电离层数字测高仪接收机模块中用于对13位巴克码进行解码的相关运算电路,解决了电离层数字测高仪中目标作用距离与距离分辨率之间的矛盾.实验结果表明:基于FPGA的相关运算电路处理速度快,精度高,实时性好,完全满足电离层数字测高仪对解码电路的性能指标和技术要求.     

电离层高精度高频多普勒频移参量的时域探测方法

针对电离层数字测高仪垂直探测中频域探测方法的不足,利用电离层回波信号相位测量分析和运算处理算法,开发并实现了一种时域探测方法,用于实时获取高精度高频多普勒频移信息.实验观测表明:新发展的电离层时域探测方法可以实时获得高精度高频多普勒频移参量,能够满足电离层小尺度扰动观测研究需要.     

电离层在地震短临预报中的应用

总结了能够引起电离层扰动的各种因素,包括太阳活动、地磁活动、大气波动、剧烈天气以及其它方面(例如地震、火山以及人类活动等);提出了地震电离层前兆研究的一般步骤流程:地震事例筛选-电离层观测参量筛选-异常识别与提取-地震电离层前兆确认;介绍了目前地震影响电离层的三种可能途径:化学、机械波和电磁途径;总结了地震电离层前兆地基和天基监测手段;最后提出了地震电离层前兆研究的几个重点需要解决的问题.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的实时总电子含量周跳探测与修复

总电子含量(total electron content, TEC)作为描述电离层形态和内部结构的重要参量,对于电离层领域的理论研究和发展有着重要作用,而周跳的探测一直以来都是全球定位系统(global position system, GPS)载波相位测量数据预处理的重点和难点,尤其是在高精度GPS定位中,卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波在周跳探测与修复中的应用使得能够准确可靠地探测出观测值中可能出现的周跳,利用Kalman滤波算法探测不同的观测数据类型及其组合,并将修复后的观测值与理论值进行对比。结果表明:该算法对周跳探测和修复有很强的有效性和精度。     

利用ArcGIS进行1/500地形图入库及更新

基础地理信息数据是"数字鄞州"地理空间框架的重要组成部分,随着"数字鄞州"的应用推广,不同行业和部门对基础地理信息数据的现势性提出了更高要求。在"数字鄞州"地理空间框架建设过程中,设计了一种地形图数据更新入库方法,用于将日常采集或修补测的地形图数据更新到基础地理信息数据库中。     

敏捷数字测高仪正交有源环天线设计与应用

为减少接收天线占地面积,降低架设难度,实现敏捷数字电离层测高仪的流动组网观测,设计了一种可用于1 MHz～30 MHz电离层回波探测的小型正交有源环天线,配合敏捷数字电离层测高仪,组成了具有多种工作模式的电离层高频回波探测系统.测试结果表明:该正交有源环天线与传统的正交折合偶极子天线相比,接收到的频高图质量基本相当,均可接收到电离层多次回波并区分电离层回波的O波与X波.结果表明:正交有源环天线在保证探测频高图质量条件下很好地解决了接收天线小型化问题,具有性价比高、架设简单的优点.为观测场地受限及需要临时流动观测的实际应用场景提供了良好的解决方案,具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于分片线性插值的北斗格网电离层延迟问题研究

为了增强定位精度,需不断提高电离层延迟模型精度,格网电离层模型由于修正效果佳而被广泛应用。针对格网模型构建过程中网格节点处电离层延迟的插值问题,提出了分片线性插值法计算用户端穿透点的电离层延迟。基于格网模型的特征,在同一模型中应用不同的插值算法进行电离层延迟误差的对比,并检验格网电离层垂直延迟修正误差(GIVE)。结果表明,使用分片线性插值法计算的穿透点电离层延迟值更接近于实测数据,GIVE值更小,从而验证了该插值方法计算用户端穿透点的电离层延迟的高准确度。     

海南地区扩展F统计特性及行星波扰动观测

为研究中国低纬地区扩展F(SF)的发生时间和季节特性以及行星波扰动对其影响,利用2013年海南三亚综合观测站DPS-4D数字测高仪观测到的电离层频高图数据,统计分析了扩展F的开始和持续时间及其季节变化;提取了电离层虚高,从虚高的逐日变化中获取了F层上抬时间和行星波扰动特征,并对上抬期间电离层F层最小虚高(h'F)、临界频率(fo F2)等参数进行了小波分析.结果表明:海南地区扩展F类型主要为RSF,其季节性最大值(51%)出现在分点季,RSF在日落后和午夜后均有发生,而FSF主要在夏季午夜后出现;海南地区电离层虚高在日落后反转增强(PRE)期间有明显上抬现象,电离层特征参数中存在周期为准2d、5d以及10d的行星波扰动,它通过调制电离层F区发电机电场的方式激励扩展F的发生和发展.     

武汉地区 Es 回波多普勒特性的观测与分析

利用最新研制的高频多普勒接收机对10MHz BPM授时信号进行了长时间监测,应用数字信号处理技术,获取连续高精度的多普勒频移,结合PDI-2数字测高仪观测到的电离层频高图数据,实现了对Es层反射回波特性的研究.构建了电离层不规则体反射电波理论模型,仿真出在该模型下电离层反射回波的多普勒谱特性,并结合高频多普勒接收机的实测数据,绘制了Es回波的多普勒频移曲线,结果表明:仿真结果与实测结果很好地吻合,并基于此估算出了Es层不规则体的运动速度.     

基于分片线性插值的北斗格网电离层延迟问题

为了增强定位精度,需不断提高电离层延迟模型精度,格网电离层模型由于修正效果佳而被广泛应用。针对格网模型构建过程中网格节点处电离层延迟的插值问题,提出了分片线性插值法计算用户端穿透点的电离层延迟。基于格网模型的特征,在同一模型中应用不同的插值算法进行电离层延迟误差的对比,并检验格网电离层垂直延迟修正误差(GIVE)。结果表明,使用分片线性插值法计算的穿透点电离层延迟值更接近于实测数据,GIVE值更小,从而验证了该插值方法计算用户端穿透点的电离层延迟的高准确度。     

Solar activity effects of the ionosphere: A brief review

Solar radiation, which varies over multiple temporal scales, modulates remarkably the evolution of the ionosphere. The solar activity dependence of the ionosphere is a key and fundamental issue in ionospheric physics, providing information essential to understanding the variations in the ionosphere and its processes. Selected recent studies on solar activity effects of the ionosphere are briefly reviewed in this report. This report focuses on (1) observations of solar irradiance at X-ray and extreme ultraviolet wavelengths and the outstanding problems of solar proxies, in the view of ionospheric studies, (2) new findings and improved representations of the features of the solar activity dependence of ionospheric key parameters and the corresponding physical processes, (3) possible phenomena in the ionosphere under extremely high and low solar activity conditions that are unique, as indicated by historical solar datasets and the deep solar minimum of solar cycle 23/24, and (4) statistical studies and model simulations of the ionosphere response to solar flares. The above-mentioned studies provide new clues for comprehensively explaining basic processes in the ionosphere and improving the prediction capability of ionospheric models and related applications.     

高频地波雷达电离层距离方程建模及仿真

针对电离层的空间分布特征,构建了体目标和面目标的雷达距离方程.根据不规则体对高频电波的相干散射原理,估算了电离层RCS的散射系数,进而给出基于电离层物理机制的广义高频地波雷达方程,从而量化了电离层特征参数对高频雷达系统的影响.通过仿真发现,对于面散射情形,斜向散射电离层杂波符合波束限制模型,垂直向的电离层杂波符合脉冲限...     

Creation of visible artificial optical emissions in the aurora by high-power radio waves

Generation of artificial light in the sky by means of high-power radio waves interacting with the ionospheric plasma has been envisaged since the early days of radio exploration of the upper atmosphere, with proposed applications ranging from regional night-time street lighting to atmospheric measurements. Weak optical emissions have been produced for decades in such ionospheric 'heating' experiments, where they serve as key indicators of electron acceleration, thermal heating, and other effects of incompletely understood wave-particle interactions in the plasma under conditions difficult to replicate in the laboratory. The extremely low intensities produced previously have, however, required sensitive instrumentation for detection, preventing applications beyond scientific research. Here we report observations of radio-induced optical emissions bright enough to be seen by the naked eye, and produced not in the quiet mid-latitude ionosphere, but in the midst of a pulsating natural aurora. This may open the door to visual applications of ionospheric heating technology or provide a way to probe the dynamics of the natural aurora and magnetosphere.     

Nonlinear dispersive scale Alfvén waves inmagnetosphere-ionosphere coupling: Physical processes and simulation results

Dispersive Alfvén waves(DAWs)have been demonstrated to play a significant role in auroral generation of the magnetosphereionosphere coupling system.Starting from a two fluid reduced MHD model,we summarize the frequency,temporal and spatial characteristics of magnetospheric DAWs.Then,the nonlinear kinetic and inertial scale Alfveén waves are studied,and we review some theoretical aspects and simulation results of dispersive Alfve′n waves in Earth’s magnetosphere.It is shown that dispersive standing Alfve′n waves can generate the field-aligned currents which transport energy into the auroral ionosphere,where it is dissipated by Joule heating and energy lost due to electron precipitation.The Joule dissipation can heat the ionospheric electron and produce changes in the ionospheric Pedersen conductivity.As a feedback,the conducting ionosphere can also strongly affect the magnetospheric currents. The ponderomotive force can cause the plasma to move along the field line,and generate ionospheric density cavity.The nonlinear structuring can lead to a dispersive scale to accelerate auroral particle,and the Alfvn waves can be trapped within the density cavity. Finally,we show the nonlinear decay of dispersive Alfvén waves related to two anti-propagating electron fluxes observed in the auroral zone.     

Radio wave propagation effects produced by chemical releases in the ionosphere

As an effective means to actively modify the ionosphere,chemical release can produce artificial ionospheric holes as a consequence of ionization depletion,which can greatly impact on radio wave propagation.In this paper,on the basis of the pre-study results on ionospheric disturbances produced by some representative chemical releases,the radio waves propagation effects of ionospheric holes that are produced by two different release species,water(H2O) and sulfur hexafluoride(SF6),had been investigated and simulated by the three-dimensional(3-D) numerical ray tracing.The results show that ① the appearance of various artificial ionospheric holes can lead to certain decrease of critical frequency in the ionosphere,and ② when the wave frequency exceeds the critical frequency,the rays should be multiple reflections or penetrate through the ionospheric hole and focus afterwards with the focus altitude elevated for higher frequencies.This work may provide the necessary theoretical support for chemical release experiments and the evaluation of radio wave propagation effects.     

Lightning-induced intensification of the ionospheric sporadic E layer

A connection between thunderstorms and the ionosphere has been hypothesized since the mid-1920s. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this connection, and evidence from modelling as well as various types of measurements demonstrate that lightning can interact with the lower ionosphere. It has been proposed, on the basis of a few observed events, that the ionospheric 'sporadic E' layer--transient, localized patches of relatively high electron density in the mid-ionosphere E layer, which significantly affect radio-wave propagation--can be modulated by thunderstorms, but a more formal statistical analysis is still needed. Here we identify a statistically significant intensification and descent in altitude of the mid-latitude sporadic E layer directly above thunderstorms. Because no ionospheric response to low-pressure systems without lightning is detected, we conclude that this localized intensification of the sporadic E layer can be attributed to lightning. We suggest that the co-location of lightning and ionospheric enhancement can be explained by either vertically propagating gravity waves that transfer energy from the site of lightning into the ionosphere, or vertical electrical discharge, or by a combination of these two mechanisms.     

中性风对暴时电离层影响的研究

从电离层等离子体动力学方程出发,研究了磁暴期间中性风对中低纬度电离层的影响.通过计算机模拟发现:中性风能够对暴时电离层等离子体的垂直向上漂移产生抑制作用,并延迟电离层F层底部"抛空"的形成;不论采用哪种中性风模式,磁暴都会对较低纬度的电离层产生更大的影响.     

A generalized trigonometric series function model for determining ionospheric delay

A generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, with an adjustable number of parameters, is proposed and analyzed to study ionosphere by using GPS, especially to provide ionospheric delay correction for single frequency GPS users. The preliminary results show that, in comparison with the trigonometric series function (TSF) model and the polynomial (POLY) model, the GTSF model can more precisely describe the ionospheric variation and more efficiently provide the ionospheric correction when GPS data are used to investigate or extract the earth's ionospheric total electron content. It is also shown that the GTSF model can further improve the precision and accuracy of modeling local ionospheric delays.     

A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.