纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及其吸附性能

以硝酸钙和磷酸二氢铵为原料用共沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)，采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、热重．差示扫描量热等手段对样品形态结构进行表征．结果表明，制备的六方晶型纳米羟基磷灰石长轴约为60nm，短轴约为20nm，粒径均匀且分散性较好．该文还研究了纳米HA对Ag^ 的吸附性能．     

带状氧化钛纳米晶的制备

以工业制备氧化钛的中间产物（Ti（OH）4）为原料,在180～230℃的碱性条件（KOH溶液）下,采用压力热晶法成功制备出了带状TiO2纳米晶．X射线衍射（XRD）结果表明,制得的TiO2为锐钛矿结构．扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）观察显示,TiO2纳米晶平均带宽为10～15nm,长度为几十到几百微米左右．研究表明,原料的预处理和反应温度直接影响纳米晶的生长．前驱物pH值为14,陈化时间为12h,生成的纳米晶较长,形貌一致;随着温度的升高,产物的晶化程度增加．最后,对带状TiO2的形成机制也进行了讨论．     

纳米TiO_2粉末的溶胶-凝胶法制备及结构分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米晶TiO2粉末。TiO2粉末的X射线衍射结果表明,所制样品的平均晶粒粒径随焙烧温度的升高而增大,在400℃以下焙烧的样品晶粒大小为4.7～10.6nm,500℃以上晶粒很快长大,600℃基本完成了从锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变。透射电镜结果显示400℃处理后晶粒尺寸为7～8nm;700℃处理后的晶粒尺寸达150nm。运用相变理论计算了晶粒长大激活能,结合晶界结构弛豫解释了粒径随热处理温度变化关系。     

980 nm激光激发下Yb/Er共掺杂氟化物纳米晶下转换发射特性

用高温热分解法制备摩尔分数为18%的Yb和摩尔分数为2%的Er共掺杂α-NaYF₄, α-NaLuF₄,β-NaYF₄,β-NaLuF₄和LiYF₄氟化物纳米晶, 并用X射线衍射(XRD)、 透射电子显微镜（TEM）和光致发光光谱表征样品的晶体结构、 形貌和发光性能. 结果表明: 所制备的样品均为纯相; 不同的氟化物纳米晶样品尺寸均匀, 粒径为10~15 nm; 在980 nm近红外激光激发下,所制备的氟化物纳米晶在1 550 nm附近均有下转换发射, 其中β-NaLuF₄∶Yb,Er纳米晶在1 550 nm处的发射最强.     

纳米碳酸钙制备的研究

采用鼓泡碳化法，详细研究了反应温度、反应物浓度、搅拌转速等因素对碳酸钙产品平均粒径的影响，优化了制备纳米碳酸钙的工艺条件，制得了平均粒径为30～50nm的纳米碳酸钙产品，并用透射电子显微镜和粉末X射线衍射仪对产品粒子进行了表征．     

PDDA修饰纳米纤维素负载Pt复合物的制备及表征

以聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵修饰纳米纤维素(PDDA-CNCs)为载体,采用原位还原法在PDDA-CNCs载体上原位沉积Pt纳米粒子制备Pt/PDDA-CNCs复合物.利用X射线光电子能谱、Zeta电位、红外光谱、透射电镜和X射线衍射等测试方法对所制备样品的表面性质、形貌及晶型进行表征.分析结果表明,PDDA成功修饰到CNCs表明,Pt纳米粒子粒径均一且在PDDA-CNCs载体上分散性良好.     

纳米化处理超声金属表面

采用超声表面加工处理方法在45钢上制备出纳米结构表层．TEM（透射电子显微镜）、XRD（X射线衍射）、粗糙度和显微硬度试验结果表明：经超声处理后，样品表层的晶粒可细化至纳米量级，平均晶粒尺寸为50nm，且在某些区域出现纳米晶与非晶嵌套结构，表面形成残余压应力，表面粗糙度值降为原始样品的1／100，与样品心部相比，表层硬度显著提高．     

掺氮光敏化纳米晶TiO2的研制

以四氯化钛、氨气或氨水为原料,醇为溶剂制备了掺杂氮的可见光敏化纳米晶TiO2,通过紫外可见吸收光谱验证了它具有良好的可见光吸收性能,吸收阚值最大可以达到830nm。XRD分析表明这种方法制备的TiO2为纳米金红石型或锐钛矿与金红石的混晶,制得的样品经350C热处理后比文献报道的在600℃处理的TiO2具有更好的可见光吸收。通过TG-DTA曲线、FT-IR、紫外一可见光谱图分析了氮的掺杂过程,指出前躯体中氮的存在形式以及氧化钛晶格中掺杂氮的存在状态对氧化钛的可见光敏化有重要影响。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛纳米晶及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛纳米晶,采用热重-差热(TG-DSC)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究了保温时间对纳米晶的晶体结构和平均粒径的影响.结果表明:经430℃热处理得到的二氧化钛纳米晶主要表现为锐钛矿结构;随着保温时间从1h延长至3h,纳米晶的平均粒径从13.7nm增大到43.7nm.以所制二氧化钛纳米晶为光阳极材料组装了染料敏化太阳电池,并对其光电性能进行了研究,结果显示:粒径为25.4nm的二氧化钛纳米晶太阳电池表现出最佳的光电转化效率,其值为4.62%.     

纳米氧化铁黄颜料的制备和表征

利用氯酸钠氧化硫酸亚铁工艺制备纳米氧化铁黄 ,采用 TG- DTA、XRD、TEM等手段对样品形态结构进行表征 .结果表明 ,纳米铁黄的形态结构得到了较好的控制 ,样品色泽鲜艳 ,粒径均匀且分散性较好 ,呈纺锤形 ,长轴为 4 0～ 6 0 nm,短轴为 10～ 2 0 nm,样品晶型为 α- Fe OOH结构 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-