分子中alphaCH键对硝基芳香族炸药材料的能量迁移率的影响

利用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP∥6-31G(d)计算水平上对含alphaCH键的三硝基苯类炸药分子的电子结构和红外振动进行了理论计算,对相关的红外振动模式进行了理论归属.并计算了材料分子在alphaCH键邻位和对位处与硝基相关的门模式的能量迁移率,发现材料分子在alphaCH键邻位处与硝基相关的门模式的能量迁移率数值低于其在对位的数值.将计算结果与撞击感度实验值进行对比,发现当alphaCH键处取代基的结构相似时,分子在alphaCH键邻位的能量迁移率与撞击感度有较好的线性相关关系.将材料的能量迁移率的计算结果与用相同方法计算的分子的键离解能进行比较,发现alphaCH键邻位的能量迁移率与其C-NO2键离解能的数值都比对位的要小,且只有alphaCH键处取代基结构相似的分子的键离解能分别与撞击感度、与材料的能量迁移率有线性相关关系.可以认为:1三硝基苯环上的alphaCH键取代基对邻位NO2活性影响较大;2用低温下材料的能量迁移率或者最弱键离解能来理论预测含能材料的撞击感度都要受到材料分子在化学上的结构类别的影响.     

硝基芳香族炸药的分子结构和撞击感度关系研究

计算并分析了18个三硝基芳香族炸药分子的原子化能以及原子化能与分子的电子结构能的比值与撞击感度的关联关系,进一步确证二级炸药分子结构性质与其撞击感度之间的相关性.结果发现分子的原子化能与撞击感度之间没有关联关系,而其原子化能与分子结构能的比值与撞击感度之间存在非常明显的线性相关性,而且分子结构的化学分类以及结构的对称性对这种关联关系有显著影响.同时进一步把研究结果与相关的文献进行分析比较,发现原子化能与分子结构能的比值与撞击感度之间存在线性相关性,这种相关性与大量文献报道的炸药分子最弱键的键离解能与撞击感度的相关性在理论意义上是可以相提并论的,前者对于问题的分析更显具体和细致.     

密度泛函理论研究咪唑类硝基衍生物的性能

应用密度泛函理论在B3P86/6-311G**水平下较系统地研究13个咪唑类硝基衍生物的C—NO2、N—NO2键离解能(BDEs)、撞击感度(h50)、标准生成热(HOFs)、爆速、爆压等.根据键离解能确定化合物的最弱键,发现最弱键的BDE与电子能量E的比值BDEs/E与h50存在线性关系,计算出的h50值表明C取代硝基咪唑化合物比N取代硝基咪唑化合物稳定,随硝基数目的增加,化合物对撞击变得敏感.通过设计等键反应,计算得到13个咪唑类硝基衍生物的气相标准生成热.采用Monte Carlo方法计算其密度,运用Kamlet-Jacobs方程预测标题化合物的爆轰参数(爆速和爆压).基于安全性和爆轰性能筛选出5个既高能又钝感的含能化合物候选物.     

芳香族硝基炸药感度和安定性的量子化学研究-IV.甲苯和苯酚类硝基衍生物

以CNDO/2法计算了甲苯和苯酚两类硝基衍生物,发现劳环上α-CH键和OH键的键级、双原子作用能和共振积分作用能等电子结构参数,与该两类炸药的实验撞击感度之间,存在平行一致的递交关系。α-CH键和OH键可能分别是它们热分解和引爆的引发键.其Mulliken键级与双原子作用能、共振积分作用能线性相关,表明在度量键强度和判别感度安定性方面。它们是等价的.本文的研究结果较Delpuech的类似研究似更合理些.     

关于含能材料硝胺撞击感度的研究

作者在利用Gaussian 98DFTB3P86/6-31G**水平研究了36种炸药分子的撞击感度与其分子结构关系并取得较好结果的基础上,又对33种硝胺炸药分子,仍采用人工神经网络方法进一步研究了撞击感度与分子结构特征量的关联关系.结果表明,所实验的硝胺其含特征量△E(原子化能)的输入方案预测结果最理想,即△E与撞击感度的关联度最强,说明△E可作为预测其撞击感度的标志性指标.     

低温下含多硝基烷基的四种炸药材料的能量迁移率与撞击感度

采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法,取6-31G(d)基组,对含多硝基烷基的四类炸药分子的结构、能量和红外振动频率进行了分析计算和理论归属.以分子晶体含能材料多声子迁移理论为基础分析了各个分子的门模式振动频率,计算了含多硝基烷基的硝铵炸药、脂类炸药、苯酸盐炸药和芳香族炸药材料共19个分子与硝基相关的门模式振动的能量迁移率,发现材料分子在与C-NO2有关的门模式振动频率上的能量迁移率与材料的撞击感度实验值没有统一的相关关系,只有在分子的化学结构相似或相同的同一类别内部,材料分子与CNO2有关的门模式振动的能量迁移率与材料的撞击感度实验值才有较好的关联关系.因此可以认为:低温下理论地计算材料的能量迁移率预测其撞击感度的方法只适用于分子结构化学类别相同的材料.     

从共振能的角度研究4种苦基三唑衍生物的撞击感度

共振结构在芳香族硝基化合物、杂环硝基化合物以及高氮化合物中普遍存在,准确计算这些化合物中的共振能,对预测含能材料的冲击波感度,合理设计与合成新型含能材料分子具有重要意义。采用密度泛函BLYP/DNP方法,结合等键反应方程计算了4种苦基三唑衍生物的共振能。计算结果表明,4种苦基三唑衍生物的共振能与其撞击感度(H50)有内在联系,共振能越大,撞击感度越低。     

炸药及其相关物的电子结构研究——Ⅰ.苯胺类硝基衍生物的SHMO和CNDO/

本文是用量子化学方法研究炸药及其相关物的电子结构的第Ⅰ报。使用国产DJS-6电子计算机,对苯胺类硝基衍生物进行SHMO计算,建立它们的分子图;对典型耐热和难以撞击起爆的炸药分子TATB(1,3,5-三胺基-2,4,6-三硝基苯),实现了全价电子的SCF-CNDO/2计算。这些分子图和CNDO/2数据,彼此良好相符;与近年来国外某些报导,也完全一致;能够解释经典有机的许多经验规律;对深入理解和研究这些物质的性质(例如TATB的热稳定性等)以及指导有机合成均有所助益。     

多原子炸药分子硝基甲烷在外电场作用下的结构特性研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP/631g(d,p)方法在不同外电场(0.00~0.003 a.u.)作用下,对多原子炸药分子CH3NO2优化计算得到其基态稳定构型,研究了在外电场作用下CH3NO2分子基态的总能量、键长、键角、偶极矩、电荷分布、能级分布、能隙、转动常数等的变化规律.结果表明：随外电场的逐渐增大,CH3NO2分子总能量逐渐减小、分子沿着C—N分子轴方向变得扁长;分子能隙也逐渐减小;偶极矩随外电场的增加而增加,分子转动常数A随外电场的增大而逐渐增大,B和C则随外电场的增大而逐渐减小.     

新型HMX基耐热炸药性能研究

为克服高分子粘结耐热炸药药柱尺寸变化导致石油射孔弹药型罩反弹的弊病,西安近代化学研究所研制了一种不含高分子黏结剂的HMX基耐热炸药。按照GJB 772A—97和GB/T 20489—2006对其性能进行了研究,结果表明:其撞击感度为40%,摩擦感度为28%;密度为1.694 g·cm-3时,抗压强度为7.84 MPa;密度为1.807 g·cm-3时,爆速为8 709 m·s-1,高于H781炸药;真空安定性和耐热性能与H781炸药相当;平均穿深较H781高出5%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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