[Emim]Cl-AlCl3离子液体催化1，2-蒽乙二酮的合成

采用选择性好、催化效率高的氯代1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-三氯化铝([Emim]Cl-AlCl3)离子液体催化蒽与草酰氯的 Friedel-Craft 酰基化反应,合成了重要的精细化工产品及功能高分子中间体1,2-蒽乙二酮.用GC法考察了不同反应条件对1,2-蒽乙二酮产率和选择性的影响,结果表明当AlCl3在[Emim]Cl-AlCl3离子液体中的摩尔分数为0.67, 离子液体与蒽的摩尔比为2,草酰氯与蒽摩尔比为2, 反应温度为40 ℃,反应时间6 h 时,1,2-蒽乙二酮产率可达91.6%,选择性达98.5%.且[Emim]Cl/AlCl3离子液体对环境污染小,并可循环使用.采用萃取、重结晶等方法得到了1,2-蒽乙二酮纯品,通过熔点测定,GC,GC /MS,FTIR和1H NMR对该产物进行了定性和定量分析.     

邻甲基苯甲酸-1,1-二氰基邻甲基苯甲酯的合成研究

为了实现邻甲基苯甲酸-1,1-二氰基邻甲基苯甲酯的绿色合成,采用亚铁氰化钾为绿色氰源与邻甲基苯甲酰氯通过一锅两步反应来合成。文中重点考察了原料配比,反应温度、反应溶剂、反应时间等因素对产率的影响。结果表明:当n(邻甲基苯甲酰氯)∶n(亚铁氰化钾)=4∶1,二氯甲烷为反应介质,吡啶为催化剂,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为40 min时,邻甲基苯甲酸-1,1-二氰基邻甲基苯甲酯的产率可达84. 2%,产物结构通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),核磁共振光谱(1H NMR,13C NMR),元素分析进行了表征。合成方法具有环境友好、操作简单、产率高、后处理方便等优点。     

微波辐射下合成2-苯甲酰氨基芴类衍生物

在微波辐射条件下,通过2-氨基芴与系列苯甲酰氯反应,合成了一系列新型2-苯甲酰氨基芴类衍生物(2a～2f),其结构经IR、~1H NMR、MS和元素分析确证.     

微波促进SnCl4/C催化合成2,2-二羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇双缩醛(酮)

以活性炭负载SnCl4·5H2O为催化剂,利用微波技术合成8种2,2-二羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇双缩醛(酮),其中,2,2-二羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇双缩辛醛属新化合物.采用元素分析、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)和氢核磁共振1H NMR对产物进行表征.以苯甲醛与2,2-二羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇的缩合为模型反应对工艺条件进行优化,得其优化反应条件为催化剂负载量20%,催化剂用量0.25 g,2,2-二羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇4 g(30 mmol),苯甲醛66 mmol,微波功率600 W,辐射时间1.5 min,产率89.3%.     

一种新型有机磷酸季戊四醇二磷酸的合成

以三氯氧磷、季戊四醇为原料,首先合成螺环磷酸酯二酰氯,然后在螺环磷酸酯二酰氯的基础上合成季戊四醇二磷酸.主要介绍螺环磷酸酯二酰氯和季戊四醇二磷酸的合成工艺及改进方法,并用正交实验找出这两步反应的最优条件.当季戊四醇与三氯氧磷摩尔比为1∶8、温度为90℃、反应时间为10 h时合成的螺环磷酸酯二酰氯(SPDPC)的产率达79.98%.当SPDPC的浓度为0.033 7 mol·L-1、温度为20℃、反应时间为5 h时,合成的季戊四醇二磷酸(SPDPA)的产率达82.03%.同时,用熔点测试仪、红外光谱仪和1H NMR对产物的结构进行表征.     

1,3-二(4-甲酰氯苯甲酰基)苯的合成与表征

以甲苯和间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)为原料,经傅-克酰基化反应,合成1,3-二(4-甲基苯甲酰基)苯(DMBB),产率85%;将DMBB在KMnO4/吡啶/水体系中氧化合成中间体1,3-二(4-羧基苯甲酰基)苯(DMBA),产率96%;DMBA和氯化亚砜反应以91%的产率合成一种新型的芳二酰氯--1,3-二(4-甲酰氯苯甲酰基)苯(DMBC),三步总收率为74%.产物结构经FT-IR、1H NMR、元素分析等技术表征确认,DSC分析表明目标产物具有较高的纯度.     

微波辅助下6-四氢吡咯嘌呤及其衍生物的合成

报道了1种快速合成6-四氢吡咯嘌呤及其衍生物的方法,以DMF为溶剂,经微波辐射5 min,以75%~91%的产率得到了6种6-四氢吡咯嘌呤及其衍生物,产物结构经1H NMR和13C NMR证实.     

4-甲基二苯并噻吩的合成与表征

采用将二苯并噻吩先锂化、再烷基化的方法 ,可以合成 4 甲基二苯并噻吩 (4 MDBT)。优化的合成条件如下 :正丁基锂 (n BuLi)与二苯并噻吩 (DBT)的摩尔比为 3∶1,正丁基锂己烷溶液的浓度为 1.5mol/L ,磺甲烷与DBT的摩尔比为 3∶1,在 - 35℃下进行锂化、烷基化反应。在此条件下 ,DBT的转化率最高 ,达 90 %以上 ;4 MDBT的色谱收率达 82 .3%。粗产品经活性白土脱色及在 - 2 0℃下用 95 %甲醇重结晶 2次后 ,产品纯度达 96 .1% ,产率为6 1 6 %。对合成产品 4 MDBT进行的GC MS、1H NMR、FT IR、XRD分析表征结果表明 ,合成产物的确为 4 MDBT。     

含亚胺结构酰氯单体的合成与表征

偏苯三甲酸酐分别与4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯砜、4,4′-二氨基二苯醚,通过亚胺化反应,合成了3种含亚胺环结构的二元酸,在Lewis碱催化下通过酰化,得到了3种含亚胺环结构的二元芳酰氯.用FT-IR1、H-NMR1、3C-NMR等对3种芳酰氯进行了结构表征.结果表明,合成的目标产物具有预期结构,并有较高的产率.     

微波辐射下3,4,9,10-四氢吖啶-1（2H）-酮衍生物的合成

在微波辐射下以希夫碱、1,3-二羰基化合物为原料,乙二醇为溶剂,合成了一系列3,4,9,10-四氢吖啶-1(2H)-酮衍生物.该反应的反应时间短,产率高,环境友好,后处理方便.产物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱表征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.