植物油体合成及功能研究进展

油体是植物细胞存储脂质与能量的重要亚细胞器,具有独特的结构,由中性脂质的疏水核心及其外的一层磷脂单分子膜组成,磷脂膜上有特定的蛋白质修饰,这些膜蛋白按照合成部位及运输方式的不同可分为两大类（Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类）。油体是在内质网上发生的,其形成与中性脂质的合成密切相关,涉及中性脂质与脂质晶状体的形成,油体的初始发生,油体的出芽、生长及成熟等多个生物过程。油体在植物脂质储存、信号转导、发育调控及胁迫应答等多种生命活动中都发挥着重要作用。本文综述了植物油体的结构、组成、生物合成的分子机制及在植物不同器官中所起生物学功能的最新研究进展,并讨论了植物油体研究中存在的不足及尚待解决的一些科学问题,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

电驱动形状记忆聚合物复合材料及其应用进展

形状记忆聚合物是一类能对外界刺激做出响应,实现自主形状回复的智能材料.将这类材料作为基体与其他功能材料复合可制成形状记忆聚合物复合材料,赋予其在多种外界刺激下实现智能变形的能力.形状记忆聚合物本身不具有导电性,但与导电材料复合后形成连续的内部导电网络,使其具有导电特性;导电形状记忆聚合物复合材料的特点是在通电条件下,利...     

光致形状记忆聚合物的研究进展

形状记忆聚合物(shape memory polymer,SMP)作为一种智能响应材料,能够响应外界刺激进而改变其形状.光致形状记忆聚合物则是在形状记忆材料的基础上引入光响应官能团或者光热转换试剂,从而实现材料的光响应性.相比于传统的形状记忆聚合物,光致形状记忆聚合物具有响应方式简单,且能够实现形变行为的远程控制和精确...     

国产无机三氧化物聚合物的免疫相容性研究

目的 以细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素1β）为研究对象,对国产无机三氧化物聚合物（MTA）介导的炎症反应进行相关的免疫学评价.方法 运用双抗夹心ELISA检测新材料国产MTA引起体外小鼠的单核巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞TNF-a和IL-1β的变化.结果 未经脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞与阳性材料接触后,TNF-α和IL-1β的表达均高于阴性材料,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;国产MTA组和进口MTA组TNF-α和lL-1β的表达与阴性材料比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）;经脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞与阳性材料、国产MTA、进口MTA接触后,TNF-a和IL-1β的表达均高于阴性材料,差异均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）.结论 国产MTA具有良好的生物相容性.     

硅离子注入聚合物表面改性的研究

采用MEVVA离子注入机引出的Si离子对聚酯薄膜(PET)进行了改性研究, 原子力显微镜观察表明, 注入后的聚酯膜表面比未注入PET更光滑. 用透射电子显微镜观察了注入聚酯膜的横截面表明, 注入层结构发生了明显的变化. 红外吸收测量揭示了Si-C和C-C的形成. 说明了碳化硅和碳颗粒的形成. 这些颗粒增强了注入层表面强化效果, 改善了表面导电特性. 表面电阻率随注入量的增加而明显地下降. 当硅注入量为2×10¹⁷ cm^-2时, PET表面电阻率小于7.9 W·m. 用纳米硬度计测量显示, Si离子注入可明显地提高聚酯膜表面硬度和杨氏模量. 表面硬度和杨氏模量分别比未注入PET时大12.5和2.45倍. 硅注入表面划痕截面比未注入PET的划痕窄而浅. 说明表面抗磨损特性得到了极大的增强. 最后讨论了Si离子注入聚酯膜改善特性的机理.     

原位法制备无机纳米粒子/聚合物复合材料

纳米粒子的尺寸介于体相材料和分子之间, 具有许多独特的物理和化学性质, 近年来在催化、光电子以及生物等领域得到广泛的关注. 为了使纳米粒子更好的展现它们特有的功能, 将其与聚合物复合是行之有效的方法, 这不仅可以稳定纳米粒子, 还可以实现纳米粒子与聚合物之间功能的集成. 但是, 这一思想的实现在很大程度上依赖于纳米粒子与聚合物之间的相容性, 以及如何调节纳米粒子与聚合物之间的相互作用, 使我们得到预期的功能. 因此, 人们发展了许多将纳米粒子复合到聚合物中的方法. 本文主要阐述了近几年我们课题组把原位法和其他方法有机结合, 实现纳米粒子与聚合物的复合, 从而制备了具有不同功能的一维、二维乃至体相纳米粒子/聚合物复合材料. 我们所建立的这些方法最突出的特点是纳米粒子与聚合物之间具有很好的相容性, 可以确保其在聚合物中的均匀分散, 而且聚合物网络结构的存在使纳米粒子更加稳定, 对于更好的体现其功能具有重要意义.     

聚合物超薄膜结晶相关的形貌形成及链行为

聚合物超薄膜结晶是高分子物理领域的一个新研究课题,近来已引起人们的关注,其为人们在真实时空下研究聚合物结晶及相关链行为提供了可能。聚合物超薄膜结晶与膜厚(D)有很强的相关性,尤其是D<20nm的薄膜在结晶形貌和结晶动力学方面与本体结晶差别很大。已有的结果主要集中在结晶形貌、晶体尺寸、晶体生长速度和习性、晶体的熔融和结晶度等方面,涉及温度、膜厚、基片性质和膜的组成和结构对结晶的影响;然而,有些实验结果和解释彼此不完全一致,甚至有时相互矛盾。本文综述和讨论了近年来在超薄膜结晶方面的研究,重点在于结晶形貌的形成和相关的聚合物链行为。     

陶瓷颗粒(纤维)增强聚合物复合电子封装与基板材料

本文论述了陶瓷颗粒(纤维)增强聚合物基复合电子封装与基板材料体系和性能特点,介绍了复合基板材料的实验研究和理论研究进展情况,根据实验研究和文献报道并结合目前在微电子封装领域广泛应用的环氧塑封材料,对复合电子封装与基板材料的发展趋势进行了分析和评述。     

可溶性重组全长人PPARγ的表达、纯化及功能表征

目的 建立可溶性表达、纯化有活性的重组全长人PPARγ蛋白的方法.方法 构建pReceiver-B13-SUMO-PPARγ质粒转化至Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)细胞,进行诱导表达,优化细胞生长环境;利用亲和色谱法纯化可溶性重组全长人PPARγ蛋白;以罗格列酮为阳性配体,以GW9662为拮抗剂,采用分子排阻色谱-高效液相色谱法(SEC-HPLC)法测定重组全长人PPARγ蛋白与配体药物的结合活性.结果 在优化条件(16℃、IPTG浓度0.4 mM、诱导时间18～20 h)下能获得高水平、可溶性重组全长人PPARγ蛋白;经亲和色谱一次纯化,得到纯度约为90％的重组全长人PPARγ蛋白;该蛋白与罗格列酮特异性结合率约为70％,Kd为500nM.结论 本文所建立的方法能可溶性表达、纯化得到有活性、纯度较高的重组全长人PPARγ蛋白,为该蛋白功能研究和配体药物筛选奠定基础.     

有机功能材料薄膜与器件

具有光、电、磁物理功能的有机材料的出现促进新思想、新概念、新材料的发展;有机功能材料的电子状态、导电机理以及杂质的影响完全有别于无机金属和半导体,因此,在深入探索结构与功能的关系的基础上,有可能开展分子、聚集态以及器件设计的研究。若与有机化合物的结构多样化,良好的加工性、成膜和成纤性等特点相结合,有可能实现无机电子材料所难兼具的电子行为。进而实现“分子电路”的设想。这里,我们对有机功能材料的基本概念、种类,功能材料薄膜的沉积、器件的构筑,分子电子学和分子器件的概念作了一个较为全面的介绍。     

Macrophages derived from bone marrow modulate differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized antigen-presenting cells. Bone marrow monocytes have been widely used to generate murine myeloid DC. We found that mouse macrophages derived from bone marrow CD11b⁺ monocytes influenced the differentiation of these precursors into DC. Modulation of differentiation was demonstrated by the down-regulation of CD11c, CD40, and CD86 expression and by IL-12 production. DC differentiated in the presence of conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived macrophage culture (MCM) had impaired ability to stimulate proliferation of, and IFN- γ production by, allogeneic CD4⁺ T cells. This inhibition of DC differentiation was mainly mediated by secretory products from macrophages but not by cell-cell contact. MCM contained higher concentrations of macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), IL-10, and TGF- β1, whereas IL-6 remained unchanged compared with conditioned medium from fresh monocytes. M-CSF may be the major mediator in MCM inhibiting DC differentiation. This study demonstrates an important influence of bone marrow-derived macrophages on DC precursors during DC differentiation. Received 12 September 2006; received after revision 20 October 2006; accepted 13 November 2006     

Postsynaptic long-term potentiation follows coupling of dendritic glutamate application and synaptic activation

Summary Dendritic depolarization, which seems to be involved in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), was elicited by localized glutamate application. When paired to low frequency synaptic activation in the same area, the subsequent changes had features in common with LTP, expressed as an increased probability of firing and shorter spike latency. The EPSP was not significantly increased.     

茶多酚分析方法研究与最新进展

本文对茶多酚的各种分离方法、检测方法,在各领域的应用以及发展趋势进行分析和评述,着重介绍茶多酚的主要成分—儿茶素的高效液相色谱和毛细管电泳分析方法以及茶多酚的生物活性在生活领域的应用。     

Functional aspects of animal microRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered family of small regulatory molecules that function by modulating protein production. There are approximately 500 known mammalian miRNA genes, and each miRNA may regulate hundreds of different protein-coding genes. Mature miRNAs bind to target mRNAs in a protein complex known as the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), sometimes referred to as the miRNP (miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein particles), where mRNA translation is inhibited or mRNA is degraded. These actions of miRNAs have been shown to regulate several developmental and physiological processes including stem cell differentiation, haematopoiesis, cardiac and skeletal muscle development, neurogenesis, insulin secretion, cholesterol metabolism and the immune response. Furthermore, aberrant expression has been implicated in a number of diseases including cancer and heart disease. The role of miRNAs in these developmental, physiological and pathological processes will be reviewed. Received 3 August 2007; received after revision 3 October 2007; accepted 5 October 2007     

慢性疼痛患者脑静息态功能磁共振的初步研究

目的采用脑静息态功能磁共振成像技术（fMRI）观察骨性关节炎慢性疼痛患者双侧丘脑腹后外侧核（ventral posterolateral nucleus VPLN）与全脑功能连接情况。方法对16名骨性关节炎慢性疼痛患者与16名健康志愿者双侧丘脑腹外侧核（VPLN）与全脑功能连通性进行脑静息态fMRI检查,使用rest1.4软件计算并分析两组受试者VPLN与全脑功能连通性的差异（激活闽值P〈0．05,像素范围〉85）。结果骨性关节炎慢性疼痛患者双侧丘脑VPLN与额叶、枕叶等脑区功能连通性存在减弱的情况,而与小脑、中脑、海马等脑区的功能连通性增强。结论慢性疼痛患者双侧VPL与感受及编码疼痛的兴奋性大脑皮层功能连通性降低,而与参与镇痛的抑制性中枢脑区的功能连通性增加。     

噬菌体在癌症治疗研究中的应用

噬菌体作为一类特殊病毒能影响癌症进程.最新研究发现部分噬菌体通过活化免疫应答,影响细胞因子的分泌,调节肿瘤微环境,有益于癌症治疗.噬菌体还可作为筛选具有诱导抗肿瘤效应的外源肽的平台.本文综述噬菌体在癌症治疗研究中的应用,寻找攻克恶性肿瘤新途径.     

层-层自组装技术的发展与应用

对国内外层-层自组装技术的发展和应用进行了综述,总结了静电力、氢键等自组装方法的特点;较为详细地介绍了自组装多层超薄膜和中空微胶囊的制备方法和表征手段,并阐述了它们在电子、光学器件、分离、催化、模拟细胞行为和药物缓释、生物反应器和生物传感器等方面的应用;最后就这一新兴技术的发展前景作了展望.     

Population biology of figs: Applications for conservation

Summary The flowering phenology typical of at least monoecious figs-intra-tree synchrony and inter-tree asynchrony-poses problems for persistence of the pollinator population, and hence of the fig population itself, when fig population size is small. Establishment and maintenance of a population of the short-lived, species-specific wasp pollinator require that the fig population include a critical minimum number of trees (critical population size: CPS). Below CPS, temporal gaps between flowering trees occur that are unbridgeable by the pollinator, leading to its local extinction. This has implications for conservation in two contexts: human-aided invasions of introduced fig/wasp pairs, in which initial populations of figs and/or wasps may be small, and the persistence of figs and wasps in fragmented forest, in which initially large populations may be drastically reduced. Long-distance range extension by fig/wasp pairs is problematical for two reasons: 1) the fig species must first attain CPS, most likely through repeated seed dispersal events, before the wasp can establish; and 2) long-distance transit should be difficult for the tiny, short-lived wasp pollinators. I review the biology of natural and human-aided range extension by figs and fig wasps, and show that in human-aided range extensions these two difficult steps are circumvented. Once introduced into an area where hosts are abundant, fig wasps should readily establish from a small number of initial colonists, since they mate before dispersal and are highly tolerant of inbreeding. They are thus less subject than many insects to the genetic and demographic hazards of small population size. Of 5–6 fig/wasp pairs that have performed human-aided long-distance range extensions, one Asian pair,Ficus microcarpa and its pollinatorParapristina verticillata, is established in numerous areas in the northern neotropics, and the plant may become a serious weed. In tropical forests, figs may provide keystone resources for frugivores, providing fruit during seasons when other resources are scarce. Figs pose difficult problems for conservation biology, since minimum viable populations appear to be large, and since many species of tropical rainforests occur at low densities. This means that minimum areas required for persistence of a fig population- and for those of other species that would be affected were figs to be removed from the system-may often be large.