SPHC钢应变诱导相变细化铁素体晶粒

以SPHC钢为对象,在Gleeble-1500型热模拟机上进行单道次热压缩试验,通过分析变形后的应力与应变曲线及变形过程中的金相组织变化,研究应变诱导相变的基本规律及铁素体晶粒细化效果.结果表明:在750~830℃的变形中存在应变诱导铁素体相变,并获得超细晶铁素体晶粒尺寸为1.6~4.6μm;降低变形温度将增加相变所需化学驱动力,促进应变诱导铁素体相变的发生,从而细化铁素体晶粒;在一定的应变条件下,应变诱导相变获得的铁素体晶粒尺寸和体积分数均随应变速率的增加而减少.     

采用低温急冷大压下细化铁素体组织

以SS400为研究对象,在Gleeble1500热模拟机上,测定了在850℃未变形及变形的奥氏体CCT曲线,研究了低温急冷大变形条件下变形温度、应变量、过冷度对铁素体变形行为以及对铁素体晶粒细化的影响·结果发现通过采用低温大变形可以得到平均晶粒直径约为186μm的细小的铁素体组织,铁素体体积分数可达85%以上,在铁素体晶内和边界有碳化物析出·研究表明,低温、急冷、大变形可以有效地提高铁素体形核的驱动力,增加铁素体形核率,使晶粒大大地细化·     

低碳钢形变诱导相变组织在冷却过程中的晶粒长大

通过热模拟实验考察了低碳钢在略高于Ar3温度变形时发生形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)的组织演变规律;探讨了变形后连续冷却以及在不同温度下保温对DIFT组织的影响·结果表明,DIFT组织含量随变形量的增大而增多,但在较大的变形量下仍然有部分奥氏体没有发生DIFT;在随后的冷却过程中,未转变奥氏体通过静态相变形成粗大的铁素体,与形变诱导铁素体组织一起形成混晶组织·DIFT铁素体晶粒在形变后冷却过程中发生长大现象·实验测定和理论计算结果都表明,在连续冷却条件下,形变诱导组织存在晶粒长大终止温度,当温度低于该温度时DIFT晶粒停止长大;在不同温度等温时,也存在DIFT晶粒稳定的温度上限,在低于该温度保...     

ZrC/奥氏体相界面形变诱导相变动力学

研究热模拟单向压缩条件下含ZrC粒子的低碳锰(铌)钢在形变诱导相变过程中的铁素体转变动力学关系。研究结果表明:添加ZrC粒子使试验用钢奥氏体晶界的形核率明显增加,影响形变诱导铁素体的形态、分布及晶粒细化效果;高温变形时由于形变诱导的作用,铁素体转变量随应变的增大不断增加,而铁素体晶粒的细化主要是由于动态再结晶的作用,试验用钢在形变诱导相变的变形温度TAe3～TAr3之间的低温区进行变形(TAe3为形变诱导相变的开始温度,TAr3为形变诱导相变的终止温度),可以加速铁素体形核;同时,一定粒径和体积分数(0.6%)的ZrC粒子作为形变和再结晶核心,不仅阻碍位错的运动,而且造成位错密度增大,因而提高α-Fe形核率。在温度为900℃、应变速率为1s-1的条件下,试验用钢获得超细组织对应的ZrC粒子临界体积分数为0.6%。     

热变形过程中γ→α相变开始温度的预测——C-Mn钢与Nb-v微合金钢

以Cahn理论和Scheil法则为基础,讨论了热变形过程对γ α相变的影响,预测了C Mn钢变形过程铁素体析出的开始温度Ar3d和Nb V钢连续冷却转变开始温度Ar3·结果表明,同样变形条件下,碳含量或锰含量越低的钢种Ar3d越高;同一成分钢种,随着变形量增大或变形速率降低Ar3d提高;随着冷却速率的增加,Ar3温度降低;变形可以提高Ar3温度·用该方法进行的计算机模拟结果和实验结果吻合良好,表明这种理论处理方法可用来模拟这种相变过程·     

不同预变形对Q235低碳钢等温相变影响的模拟

材料加工过程中的预变形,会对材料内部的微观组织变化产生影响,研究这种影响能更好地了解变形后的组织结构,并为改善材料性能提供可靠依据。以Q235低碳钢为研究对象,建立了等温奥氏体-铁素体相变的二维元胞自动机模型,并结合铁素体形核、铁素体长大和铁素体粗化的数学模型,模拟出了不同应变量对等温奥氏体-铁素体相变的影响。模拟结果显示,相变过程中的不同预变形会对材料内部组织产生一定影响:随着应变量的增加,铁素体的形核率增加,铁素体的转变分数增加,铁素体晶粒的数量增加;同时,不断增加的应变量,又促使铁素体的平均晶粒尺寸减小,从而进一步促进微观组织的细化;另外,不同的预变形促使相变过程中碳浓度场的扩散距离更短,导致碳浓度场软接触更易发生,微观组织呈带状分布。     

X70HD管线钢形变诱导铁素体相变关键参数

采用热膨胀法对X70HD(抗大变形)管线钢在特定条件下铁素体的静态相变点以及动态相变点进行测定。以测得的相变点为依据,制定两阶段累积变形量高达80%的热模拟实验。通过固定第一阶段变形参数,变化第二阶段变形过程中的变形温度以及应变速率,随后马上淬火,分析第二阶段变形温度与应变速率这2个因素对形变诱导铁素体生成量以及铁素体晶粒粒径的影响。研究结果表明:所获得的形变诱导铁素体为等轴铁素体,并且该等轴铁素体晶粒细小;第二阶段变形在奥氏体低温区时,应变速率越低越有利于形变诱导铁素体的生成;在奥氏体非再结晶区的较高温度范围内,应变速率越高越有利于形变诱导铁素体的生成。     

含铌微合金低碳钢的连续冷却过程的相变

用Gleeble-1500热力模拟实验机研究了含铌微合金低碳钢在不同变形条件下连续冷却过程的相变规律,利用热膨胀法结合金相法建立了静态和动态的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了变形参数对组织的影响规律.研究表明,高温变形促进了珠光体相变,在950℃以上,变形温度的升高导致铁素体转变区减少;从贝氏体转变开始温度看,950℃变形促进了贝氏体相变;在相同变形温度下,随着变形量的增加,先共析铁素体的量增多,贝氏体量减少;在900℃以下变形促进了高温等轴铁素体的形成,抑制了贝氏体的相变.     

多道次变形对S355钢组织与相变温度的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机,对S355钢多道次变形条件下奥氏体晶粒尺寸的变化规律及冷却速度对相变温度及室温组织的影响进行了研究。结果表明：随着累积变形量的增加,变形奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,且当累积变形量增加到一定程度后,奥氏体晶粒尺寸趋于一个定值。随着变形后冷却速度的提高,相变温度Ar3与Ar1逐渐降低,铁素体晶粒尺寸也逐渐减小。     

Nb对低碳Si-Mn钢连续冷却转变的影响

利用Gleeble 1500对含Nb与不含Nb两种低碳Si-Mn钢进行了连续冷却转变实验,并绘制了未变形及变形条件下的CCT曲线.结果表明:在未变形条件下,Nb的添加降低了铁素体相变温度(Ar3),使未变形CCT曲线下移;在变形条件下,应变诱导析出的Nb(C,N)等析出物使铁素体的转变温度上升并降低了贝氏体的转变冷速,从而使Ar3提高,CCT曲线上移;在变形条件下,Nb使铁素体晶粒明显细化,进而使实验钢的硬度明显提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the