电脉冲激活猪卵母细胞的研究

通过对猪卵母细胞的电激活进行系统研究，结果表明：对于体外成熟母卵细胞，电场强度为１２５０Ｖ／ｃｍ，脉冲时程为４０，６０μｓ时，效果较好，一次脉冲激活率可达８５．３％和８７．１％，而对于体内成熟卵母细胞，电场强度为１５００Ｖ／ｃｍ，脉冲时间为４０，６０μｓ时，效果了，一次脉冲激活率达８５．７％和８８．２％；     

猪体外成熟卵母细胞激活方法的比较

研究了离子霉素/6-二甲氨基嘌呤(DMAP),乙基汞硫代水杨酸钠/二硫苏糖醇(DTT)激活猪体外成熟卵母细胞的最佳条件,比较研究了电脉冲和化学刺激对猪体外成熟卵母细胞的激活效率.结果表明,用15μmol/L离子霉素处理猪体外成熟卵母细胞10,20,30,40,50,60和70min,其囊胚发育率差异不显著,以40min时的囊胚发育率最高.用15,20和25μmol/L离子霉素处理猪体外成熟卵母细胞,其囊胚率无显著差异.用100,200和300μmol/L乙基汞硫代水杨酸钠分别激活猪体外成熟卵子,发现100μmol/L乙基汞硫代水杨酸钠中处理30min组的卵裂率和囊胚率最高.电脉冲与两种最佳化学激活组的比较研究表明,电激活组的囊胚率最高,但囊胚细胞数低,相反,乙基汞硫代水杨酸钠/二硫苏糖醇激活组的囊胚细胞数最高,囊胚率却较低.     

水牛卵母细胞孤雌激活及孤雌胚与体外受精胚发育的比较

目的对MII期水牛卵母细胞进行人工诱导激活,可以间接判断体外成熟卵母细胞质量的优劣,并且,卵母细胞的充分激活也是提高核移植效率的关键因素之一。比较了水牛卵母细胞体外成熟时间对孤雌激活胚发育能力的影响以及不同化学激活方法对水牛卵母细胞孤雌激活效果的影响,并在相同条件下,对孤雌激活胚与体外受精胚的发育能力进行了比较。结果表明,水牛卵母细胞体外成熟27 h或30 h的囊胚发育率(19.0%,17.7%)明显高于体外成熟21 h或24 h的囊胚发育率(12.3%,13.8%);Ion联合6_DMAP激活水牛卵母细胞的效果优于其他几组激活方法;在相同培养条件下,孤雌激活胚与体外受精胚的发育能力存在着差异,其中卵裂率差异不显著,但孤雌激活胚的囊胚发育率显著高于体外受精胚(21.7%,13.0%)。     

猪早期孤雌胚胎脂滴含量和脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的初步研究

作为能量来源,脂质在卵母细胞成熟、胚胎发育和干细胞增殖中发挥着重要作用,猪卵母细胞和早期胚胎中存在丰富的脂质,但是其脂肪酸代谢的作用机制还知之甚少.本研究通过统计卵母细胞的成熟率和体外受精的囊胚率,确定添加10%卵泡液是最优的卵母细胞成熟体系.通过检测电激活、电激活结合CB和9%乙醇分别作用3min、8min、11min等对卵裂率和囊胚率的影响,确定电激活(卵裂率为81.69%±0.41%,囊胚率为26.45%±0.28%)方式是最优的孤雌激活方案.免疫荧光染色显示孤雌囊胚的细胞核数目明显少于体外受精囊胚,对孤雌胚胎进行脂滴染色和脂滴含量检测的结果显示,脂滴定位于核周围,H2Av只存在于细胞核内,不存在于脂滴中,8-细胞时期脂滴直径达到最大,而桑椹胚中脂滴含量最高.对脂肪酸代谢相关基因的RT-PCR结果显示,与卵母细胞相比,FAS等基因表达量呈在胚胎发育各个时期呈上升趋势,ACADM等基因表达量呈下降趋势.本研究为深入了解脂肪酸代谢在早期胚胎发育过程中的作用机制奠定了基础.     

促减数分裂甾醇（MAS）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及其胚胎发育能力的影响

利用促减数分裂甾醇(MAS)合成代谢过程中的抑制剂AY9944累积FF-MAS的原理,在猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中添加AY9944,间接地研究了内源性MAS对猪卵母细胞体外成熟质量的影响.猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体(cumulus oocyte complexes,COCs)培养在NCSU23成熟培养液中,并添加不同浓度(0,10,20,40μmol/L)的AY9944培养44h.培养结束后,成熟的卵母细胞进行孤雌激活和以胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体重构胚胎,分别于48和144h观察胚胎发育情况,统计卵裂率和囊胚率及囊胚/2-细胞胚比率.结果如下:(1)随着AY9944添加浓度的增加,退化的卵母细胞增多,40μmol/L AY9944处理的退化卵显著,卵母细胞成熟率显著下降.(2)成熟培养液添加20和40μmol/L AY9944处理的孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚形成率和2-细胞胚发育到囊胚的比率显著增加(P<0.05).(3)以对照组(0μmol/L AY9944)和20μmol/L AY9944处理的卵母细胞为胞质受体,发现20μmol/L AY9944处理的克隆胚的发育能力囊胚率和2-细胞胚发育到囊胚的比率有所提高,但无显著差异(P>0.05).以上结果表明,猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中添加AY9944提高了猪卵母细胞体外成熟的胞质质量,胚胎的发育能力提高.     

瘦素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及克隆猪妊娠率的影响

体细胞克隆猪在人类医学、基础科学研究和畜牧业生产方面均具有很大的应用潜力.为了提高体细胞克隆猪的效率,首先比较了两种基础成熟液NCSU-23和TCM199的体外成熟效果,然后在TCM199培养液的基础上,较系统地研究了添加不同浓度的瘦素对猪卵母细胞成熟、孤雌激活胚胎和克隆胚胎的体外发育以及克隆胚胎体内发育的影响.结果表明:成熟液中添加100ng/mL或200ng/mL瘦素对猪卵母细胞的核成熟没有显著影响(P>0.05);对孤雌激活卵裂率和克隆胚胎卵裂率也没有显著影响(P>0.05);但却显著提高了孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚率和囊胚细胞数,并且显著提高了克隆胚胎的囊胚率;当添加量为100ng/mL时,克隆囊胚的细胞数显著升高.另外,研究表明,瘦素很可能具有提高克隆胚胎移植妊娠率和妊娠到期率的作用.     

猪卵母细胞体外成熟及电激活后发育能力的研究

探讨了不同的成熟培养液及外源激素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养及电激活后孤雌胚胎发育能力的影响. 结果表明：（1）改良M199（mM199）组猪卵母细胞成熟率显著高于M199组，且这两组又较NCSU-23组能极显著提高卵母细胞的成熟率. （2）孕马血清（PMSG）+人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）+促卵泡素（FSH）组卵母细胞成熟率略高于FSH+促黄体素（LH）组，两者卵母细胞成熟率极显著高于尿促性腺激素（hMG）组. （3）含胎牛血清（FBS），猪卵泡液（PFF），表皮生长因子（EGF）的培养液较对照组在卵母细胞成熟率上无显著差异，但均能显著提高电激活后的卵裂率.添加EGF组桑囊率明显高于不添加组.但分别添加FBS和PFF组较对照组在桑囊率上均无显著差异. （4）卵丘细胞扩散与卵母细胞第一极体排出之间无直接相关性，但扩散程度好能提高电激活后的卵裂率.     

卵母细胞的卵龄对猪核移植效率的影响

对核移植中，猪卵母细胞的卵龄对核移植效率的影响进行了研究。结果表明：体外成熟培养４８ｈ的猪卵母细胞最适合作为核受体其激活率达７８．３％，并无裂解：去核率高达９０％；在作为核受体进行核移植时，融合率为７５％，重构胚胎的卵裂率为６４．６％，卵龄进一步增大，激活率略有增加，但去核率，融合率和卵裂率均下降。     

克隆绵羊遇到的问题及其分析

本研究以体外成熟不同时间的绵羊卵母细胞为胞质受体,对去核、融合、不同激活方法、卵裂率、桑/囊胚率和克隆胚受胎率等作了研究与分析.观察妊娠受体母羊的状态、胎儿体内发育情况,分析影响胎儿发育的原因.结果显示,成熟培养18h、22h、24h卵母细胞的盲吸去核率无显著性差异(84.9%,86.6%,84.3%,p>0.05),但显著高于26h组的去核率(71.7%).离子酶素联合cycloheximide(CHX)对重构胚进行激活,卵裂率显著高于A23187联合6-DMAP的激活方法(84.6%vs 63.2%,p<0.05),但二者处理对桑/囊胚率发育无显著差异(25.5%vs18.7%,p>0.05).作为胞质受体,成熟20h的卵母细胞与成熟24h和26h的卵母细胞相比,不利于重构胚的体外发育,桑/囊胚率差异显著(12.3%vs 25.3%,23.4%,p<0.05).分别以美丽奴、杜泊肉羊的体细胞为供体细胞进行克隆生产,90天以后的妊娠率为10%-17%,发育到期率为10%以上.出生羔羊的体重普遍较大.     

猪卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

从屠宰场收集卵巢,用注射器从卵泡中吸出卵丘－卵母细胞复合体,对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的条件进行研究,根据卵母细胞体外成熟时的核成熟率、胞质成熟及体外受精时精子的穿卵速度,合适的体外成熟培养时间为４２～４５ｈ．卵母细胞周围卵丘细胞的多少及其排列紧密状态与卵母细胞的体外成熟率密切相关。卵泡大小与卵母细胞的体外成熟率有关,大卵泡卵优于小卵泡卵。ＰＭＳＧ促进猪卵母细胞体外成熟。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has