The Syntheses and Properties of Poly(L-Lactide)

Poly (L-lactide) was prepared by bulk polymerization of L-lactide at 140℃ in the presence of stannous octoate. The polymer products were characterized by number average molecular weight Mn, weight average molecular weight Mw and molecular weight distribution MWD (Mw/Mn) respectively. The results showed that stannous octoate was a high effective catalyst, and coordinated insertion mechanism of the reaction was proposed.     

聚乳酸/聚环氧乙烷纳米纤维膜的结构与性能表征

采用静电纺丝方法制备了聚乳酸(PLLA)/聚环氧乙烷(PEO)纳米纤维膜,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸测试,对PLLA/PEO纳米纤维膜的形貌、结构、结晶行为和力学性能进行了表征,探究了PEO的质量分数对PLLA/PEO纳米纤维膜的结构、结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,PEO的加入,降低了PLLA/PEO纳米纤维膜的平均直径和直径分布宽度,提高了纤维的结晶速度、结晶度及断裂伸长率;PEO分子可提高聚乳酸分子链的运动能力和降低纤维的取向度,从而降低因取向引起的中间相含量,提高结晶相含量,进而改善聚乳酸纤维的结晶性能和韧性。     

Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilc block copolymer poly(methyl acrylic acid)-block-polytetrahydrofuran

Under the specially designated condition the polymerization of both tetrahydrofuran (THF) andtert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) is a living one. The diblock copolymer, poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)-block-polytetrahydrofuran (PtBMA-b-PTHF), was successfully synthesized by means of the coupling reaction of living cationic PTHF⁺, SbF₆ with living anionic PtBMA^-, Li⁺. LiCI, which has a beneficial effect on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) in the anionic polymerization of (meth)acrylates, hinders the coupling reaction of living chains and cannot be used in the preparation of tBMA precursor. The hydrolysis of the aforementioned diblock copolymer under acid condition results in the amphiphilic diblock copolymer, i.e. poly(methy1 acrylic acid)-block-polytetrahydrofuran (PMAA-b-PTHF). The diblock copolymers were characterized with GPC and IR.     

裙带菜中不同分子质量岩藻多糖的理化成分和抗氧化性比较

从中国山东威海海域采收裙带菜(Undaria Pinnatifida)样品,利用乙醇浸提法对样品中的岩藻多糖粗品进行提取。采用透析的方法,制备分子质量小于1×10⁴u的低分子质量岩藻多糖分离物。测定了不同分子质量岩藻多糖分离物的硫酸盐、糖醛酸及其对1.1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力。分析和比较了岩藻多糖粗提取物和分子质量小于1×10⁴u的岩藻多糖的理化成分和抗氧化活性。分析结果表明:粗提物的硫酸盐和糖醛酸含量略高于低分子质量岩藻多糖,其中粗提物中硫酸盐质量分数高达36.50%。与岩藻多糖粗提物相比,低分子质量岩藻多糖具有更高的一级和二级抗氧化能力。     

衣康酸酐与L-丙交酯共聚物的制备与性能研究

以衣康酸酐(IAn)和L-丙交酯(LLA)为单体、辛酸亚锡为催化剂,采用熔融开环聚合的方法合成一种新型的生物基聚乳酸共聚物(IAn-PLLA).用1 H-NMR、GPC、DSC、TGA、XRD、水降解测试表征共聚物的结构与性能.1 H-NMR结果表明,合成的共聚物为预期产物;DSC和TGA分析表明,随着IAn摩尔比增大,IAnPLLA的熔点和玻璃化转变温度降低,但仍有较好的热稳定性;磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)中的降解测试结果表明,随着衣康酸酐含量的增加,共聚酯的降解速率显著提高.     

等通道转角挤压（ECAE）对聚（D，L-）乳酸弯曲性能的研究

采用等通道转角挤压技术对聚(D,L-)乳酸(PDLLA)进行塑性变形.与压制成型工艺比较,ECAE对样品的弯曲性能有明显影响.随着转角挤压温度的提高,聚(D,L-)乳酸材料的弯曲强度逐渐增大,当温度为75℃时,其弯曲强度σ_b达到最大值164 MPa.聚(D,L-)乳酸等通道转角挤压后,断裂机理由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂,形成韧性断裂断口形貌.     

Bayesian mixed models and divergence time estimation of Chinese cavefishes （Cyprinidae： Sinocyclocheilus）

The genus Sinocyclocheilus is distributed in Yun-Gui Plateau and its surrounding region only, within more than 10 cave species showing different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentaUon with wonderful adaptations. To present, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Slnocyclocheilus from prior works are very different and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We obtained the sequences of cytochrome b （cyt b） and NADH dehydrogenase subunlt 4 （ND4） of 34 species within Sinocyclocheilus, which represent the most dense taxon sampling to date. We performed Bayesian mixed models analyses with this data set. Under this phylogenetic framework, we estimated the divergence times of recovered clades using different methods under relaxed molecular clock. Our phyloegentic results supported the monophyly of Sinocyclocheilus and showed that this genus could be subdivided into 6 major clades. In addition, an earlier finding demonstrating the polyphyletlc of cave species and the most basal position of S. jii was corroborated. Relaxed divergence-time estimation suggested that Sinocyclocheilus originated at the late Miocene, about 11 million years ago （Ma）, which is older than what have been assumed.     

线型三嵌段共聚物PSI-PIB-PSI的合成与性能

采用阴离子聚合方法,自制的双锂引发剂,环己烷为溶剂,两步法合成出线型三嵌段共聚物：苯乙烯异戊二烯无规共聚物-丁二烯异戊二烯共聚物-苯乙烯异戊二烯无规共聚物（PSI-PIB-PSI）。采用¹H-NMR研究了微观结构及共聚组成,透射电镜（TEM）观察了聚合物的形态,动态粘弹性仪(DMTA)对热机械性能进行了测试。结果表明：当四氢呋喃与活性中心锂的物质的量比（R值）为60时,可实现异戊二烯-苯乙烯(I-S)的无规共聚;TEM图表明聚合物PSI-PIB-PSI为两相结构,且随着苯乙烯（St）的含量的增加,相分离现象明显;当PIB/PSI的嵌段质量比为1/2,苯乙烯的质量分数为27%～28%时,该线型三嵌段共聚物具有最佳的综合力学性能。     

PTMC-LLA共聚物及PLGA纤维增强PTMC-LLA共聚物的力学性能和降解行为

通过开环聚合合成了PTMC-LLA共聚物并采用PLGA纤维增强制备了新一代生物可降解心血管支架材料.使用1 H NMR、GPC和DSC等仪器分析了PTMC-LLA共聚物的化学结构和性能,采用静力拉伸测试了共聚物及其增强材料的拉伸强度.力学测试结果显示,通过PLGA纤维增强,得到了拉伸强度为46MPa的复合材料,可作为支...     

降冰片烯大分子单体开环易位聚合制备PEG取代的接枝共聚物

先用酯化的方法合成了含有聚乙二醇(PEG)的降冰片烯大分子单体, 再用开环易位聚合方法使大分子单体聚合, 得到了PEG取代的聚降冰片烯接枝共聚物. 并通过凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）研究合成的接枝共聚物分子量及分子量分布情况. 结果表明： 聚合物的数均分子量为1.0万~4.4万; 分子量分布为1.11~1.22, 并且聚合物的分子量分布随［M］/［I］的增加而变窄.     

Electrochemical redox of hemoglobin at poly(o-phenylenediamine) film modified electrodes or promoted byo-phenylenediamine

Electrochemical redox of hemoglobin at poly(o-phenylenediamine) coated glass carbon electrodes or at bare glass carbon electrodes promoted byo-phenylenediamine have been investigated. The electrochemical characters of poly(o-phenylenediamine) films have also been studied by using cyclic voltammetry and potential-step chronoamperometry as well as current-step chronocoulometry techniques. A possible catalyzing mechanism for hemoglobin is proposed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Ye Baoxian Born in July 1958. Ph. D., Associate professor, precent communication address is College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052     

纳米羟基磷灰石/左旋聚乳酸纳米纤维复合支架的制备与表征

采用热致相分离法制备了一系列具有微米级孔隙的纳米纤维状纳米羟基磷灰石/左旋聚乳酸（n-HA/PLLA）复合支架材料。并采用扫描电境和体外降解实验对其进行了表征。扫描电镜观测到复合支架的微观结构为具有微米级孔隙的纳米纤维状骨架,其不规则孔的孔径在几到几百纳米的范围内,纳米纤维直径在200-500nm的范围内;体外降解实验的结果表明,与纯聚乳酸支架相比,n-HA/PLLA复合支架的降解液的pH的变化更加缓慢。     

木质素接枝右旋聚乳酸的结晶行为及对左旋聚乳酸的结晶促进作用

木质素（lignin）作为仅次于纤维素的第二大可再生生物质资源,近年来受到广泛关注并已被应用于高分子材料的改性。本文在对碱木质素烷基化修饰的基础上,利用其丰富的羟基对右旋丙交酯进行开环聚合,制备了一系列不同分子量的烷基化木质素接枝右旋聚乳酸（LGPD）。通过对LGPD自身结晶行为的研究表明,木质素的存在能够促进右旋聚乳酸（PDLA）的结晶,提高其吸收紫外线的能力。相对于4臂右旋聚乳酸（4a-PDLA）,将LGPD作为添加剂加入到左旋聚乳酸（PLLA）后更有利于立构复合晶的形成,从而进一步提高了共混材料的结晶能力。     

广西䗛目3新种记述

记述采自广西的Ｙｏｕ目昆虫３新种,即Ｙｏｕ科的兴安短肛Ｙｏｕ（Ｂａｃｕｌｕｍｘｉｎｇａｎｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）异Ｙｏｕ科的广西原异Ｙｏｕ（Ｐｒｏｓｃｅｌｅｓｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）和蓝胸蔷Ｙｏｕ（Ａｓｃｌｅｓｃａｅｃｉｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）对其形态进行了描述,与近缘种作比较,并附特征图。     

磷脂胆碱聚乳酸自组装胶束的结构与性能

用与天然磷脂结构和相对分子质量类似的磷脂月E{碱聚乳酸(Phosphorylcholine-containing poly(L-lactide),PLLA.pc)$sJ备自纽装胶束,采朋透射电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察.研究结果表明:胶束为外壳亲水内核疏水的实心球:表面张力法测得临界胶束质量浓度(Critical micelle concentration,CMC)~23 mg/L,显著低于天然磷脂胆碱质鼍浓度;当氯化钠质量分数低于0.9%时,CMC无明显变化,表明胶柬在生理盐水中较稳定:胶束被稀释时,动态光散射测得胶束粒径和粒径分布均逐渐变小,表明体系是动态体系;在37℃恒温条件下放置15 h,胶束数量、粒径和分布均变小,表明胶束可随时间降解;PLLA-PC胶束生物相容性好,可降解,可望成为新型的控释药物载体.     

PET/丙烯腈接枝膜阻氧性能的研究

对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/丙烯腈（AN）接枝膜的阻氧性能进行了研究。结果表明，随着接枝率的增加透氧率（P）下降，P从4.25mL·mm/(m²·d)下降到2.49mL·mm/(m²·d)。接枝率相同时，低温下得到的接枝膜的阻氧性能更好。在PET膜表面接枝AN前后，其结晶度均为36%左右。聚合温度为90℃时，接枝链颗粒小、分布均匀；聚合温度为95℃时，接枝链颗粒大、分布不均匀。此外，高温和高湿度的环境中，接枝膜的阻氧性能均好于空白膜。     

Fine mapping of the red plant gene R1 in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)

Sub 16 is a substitution line with G. hirsutum cv. TM-1 genetic background except that the 16th chromosome (Chr. 16) is replaced by the corresponding homozygous chromosome of G. barbadense cv. 3-79, and T586 is a G. hirsutum multiple gene marker line with 8 dominant mutation genes. The R ₁ gene for anthocyanin pigmentation was tagged in Chr. 16 in T586. The objective of this research was to screen SSR markers tightly linked with R ₁ by using the F₂ segregating population containing 1259 plants derived from the cross of Sub 16 and T586 and the backbone genetic linkage map from G. hirsutum×G. barbadense BC₁ newly updated by our laboratory. Genetic analysis suggested that the segregation ratio of red plants in the F₂ population fit Mendelian 1:2:1 inheritance, confirming that the red plant trait was controlled by an incomplete dominance gene. Preliminary mapping of R ₁ was conducted using 237 randomLy selected F₂ individuals and JoinMap v3.0 software. Then, a fine map of R1 was constructed using the F₂ segregating population containing 1259 plants, and R ₁ was located between NAU4956 and NAU6752, with only 0.49 cM to the nearest maker loci (NAU6752). These results provided a foundation for map-based cloning of R ₁ and further development of cotton cultivars with red fibers by transgenic technology. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30730067) and Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant No. B08025)     

限制的星划分问题

 研究了边赋权图上2类具有权重限制L的最小基数星划分问题-最小基数S(L)划分问题和最小基数S∑(L)划分问题的困难性.得到如下结果:①证明了一般图上最小基数S(L)划分问题的NP-完全性;②证明了一般图上最小基数S∑(L)划分问题的NP-完全性,并证明了对于任意小的正数ε,一般图上的最小基数S∑(L)划分问题不存在(3/2-ε)-近似算法,除非P=NP.     

沉淀聚合法制备低分子量聚丙烯酰胺

以乙醇和丙酮为混合溶剂合成了低分子量聚丙烯酰胺 .研究结果表明 :丙烯酰胺在乙醇和丙酮中的沉淀聚合反应时间短 ,转化率达 97%.通过调节乙醇和丙酮的质量比和单体浓度可以获得 (2 .0～ 2 4)×1 0 4的低分子量的聚丙烯酰胺 .     

两亲性嵌段共聚物PEO-b-PMMA的合成及其在水溶液中的自组装

以PEO-Br为大分子引发剂,通过原子转移自由基聚合合成了两种具有不同疏水链长的PEO-b-PMMA两亲性嵌段共聚物,经GPC和1H-NMR表征确认其结构分别为PEO45-b-PMMA130和PEO45-b-PMMA335。以二氧六环作为初始共溶剂,考察了PEO-b-PMMA在水溶液中的自组装,用光散射和透射电子显微镜对共聚物的临界加水量和聚集体的形貌进行了测定与表征;结果表明随着PMMA链段的增长,临界加水量由27.5%降为22.5%,球形聚集体的平均粒径由44nm增至76nm。