浅析冷战后美国进军中亚的原因

中亚在苏联解体前作为加盟共和国是苏联的一部分，是苏联的“战略后院”。苏联解体后，代之而起的俄罗斯虽仍视其为“战略后院”，但在该地区的势力有所减弱。美国瞄准时机，渗入中亚。1994年美国主导北约东扩，将中亚四国(除塔吉克斯坦外)纳入“和平伙伴计划”；1997年出台“新中亚战略”，目标是使中亚成为其能源供应基地。2001年“9·11”事件发生后，美国为打击阿富汗塔利班政权，驻军于中亚。阿富汗战争结束后，美国不打算撤出中亚。美国进军中亚的原因是：中亚重要的地缘战略地位；丰富的能源；为排挤俄罗斯在中亚的势力以及打击恐怖主义的需要。     

阿富汗战争及美国中亚驻军长期化对中国安全的影响

美国以塔利班包庇"9.11"恐怖袭击的幕后凶手为由,对阿富汗发动大规模空袭,并借机进军中亚。美国发动阿富汗战争并进军中亚并非仅仅为反击恐怖主义,其战略意图是多方面的。种种迹象表明美军不会轻易撤出中亚,美国在中亚长期驻军对中国安全的影响是深远的,长远来看,其负面影响更为明显,这要求我们从战略高度审视阿富汗战争及美国中亚驻军长期化对我国安全环境的影响。     

“连接中亚”：印度重启中亚攻略

2013年9月，中国国家主席习近平出访中亚四国，并出席了在比什凯克举行的上海合作组织峰会。在此次峰会上，习主席提出了共同建立“丝绸之路经济带”、将上合组织打造成“命运共同体和利益共同体”等一系列战略构想，得到外界高度评价。中国在中亚刮起红色旋风让邻国印度心里有点酸。这个古老国度曾经与中亚地区有着特殊而密切的关系，如今却落后于其他大国。近年来，印度已经就此进行了深刻反思，并提出“连接中亚政策”，以推行新的中亚战略。     

中亚地区的伊斯兰化进程及其特点

公元7世纪后期，伊斯兰教随着阿拉伯人占据呼罗珊而传入今中亚南部地区，并由南而北，以战争、商贸和传教士等形式在一千余年的时间里经历了五个发展阶段后，最终普及中亚。伊斯兰教在中亚的传播过程中，表现出极大的灵活性和对当地社会、民族及原有化很强的适应性。     

水危机与中亚安全分析

对中亚各国而言,水已经成为一种稀缺的、不可替代的战略资源.由于多年来对水资源过度开发而未实行有效的保护,中亚地区出现了非常严重的水危机,并对中亚地区安全产生不利影响.如何加强合作、化解水危机,以维护中亚地区的安全与稳定成为中亚各国在新的世纪必须破解的难题.     

发展河南省与中亚五国经贸合作关系探析

依据中亚五国的经济环境和对外经贸交往的特点,河南省根据自身省情可以以大开发为背景,“进一步扩大对外开放”,同该地区发展经贸合作,在劳务、旅游贸易、农业、油气开发、经济技术合作等多个领域开展和中亚五国的经贸往来.     

第二次中亚峰会：由凝聚共识到协商共治

2019年11月29日,被称作“中亚峰会”的中亚五国领导人会晤在乌兹别克斯坦首都塔什干举行。这是2018年3月15日在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳(今改称“努尔苏丹”)举行的首届中亚五国领导人会晤的后续进程。本届中亚峰会不仅丰富和发展了上次会晤的议题,而且各国领导人还通过《联合声明》和各自讲话提出了一系列旨在加强地区内安全、经贸、交通、人文等领域合作的具体倡议,完成了一些理念上的重要升级,预示中亚各国协作关系将进一步深化。     

中亚地域界说辨析

研究中亚史，首先必须划定中亚地区的界线，明确中亚一词的范围，可是，目前研究中亚史的中外学者对这一问题却是众说纷纭，歧见丛生。本文拟作一次搜寻扫描，对各种界说试以排比诸说，校核质疑，谨呈之于前辈及学界同仁，乞望教正。在学术界，影响较大提出较早的有德国著名学者洪堡。他认为中亚包括里海到兴安岭、阿尔泰山到喜马拉雅山之间的地带。与之正成对照的是另一端的看法，认为中亚主要指阿姆河与锡尔河两河流域。这种说法也流传甚广。王治来教授在《中亚史》一书里中肯地评价说，前者失之太广，后者失之太窄。［1］他还指出：“在…     

中亚毒品贸易及其对我国的影响

近年来,中亚毒品贸易日渐活跃,该地区已成为阿富汗毒品流向世界各地的中转枢纽和贩运通道之一.毒品贸易与极端恐怖势力的结合日益紧密,这对中亚国家的安全与稳定构成了严重的威胁,也对我国的安全产生了不容忽视的影响.加强对这种现象的研究,分析其原因,并找到行之有效的应对之策已经成为相关各国必须破解的一道难题.     

9.11后中亚新变数

9.11事件发生后,尽管世界打击暴力恐怖活动的呼声甚高,阿富汗塔利班和本·拉登为首的国际恐怖组织受挫,但今后一个时期中亚的极端势力活动仍将活跃。美国到中亚“深入敌后”美国对远在万里之遥的一个贫弱小国如此大动干戈,在美国打击恐怖主义的同时不少人也有很大的担心和疑虑。深谙亚洲事务的土耳其战略学家艾尔肯认为,美国很有可能因此在以阿富汗为中心的中亚地区建立长期军事存在,进而全面插手中亚事务,配合北约东扩进程。这样一来,美军一方面实施了对国际恐怖势力的打击,另一方面又在中亚地区找到立足点,     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with