基于功能危险分析的数控机床主传动系统故障树分析

针对数控机床主传动系统故障树分析中顶事件选择片面的问题,指出进行功能危险分析为顶事件的选择提供技术和理论依据,即以功能危险分析的输出作为故障树分析的输入建立故障树.采用上行法对故障树求最小割集并进行分析,确定出系统的薄弱环节,验证了应用功能危险分析技术确定故障树顶事件的有效性.     

长输油气管线风险概率分析软件研究

目前有关管道风险分析软件仅处于半定量化水平,且实用水平普遍较低.应用系统风险可靠性分析的基本原理,以油田长输管线为分析对象,确定管线服役过程中的失效事件为顶事件,应用故障树分析法(FTA)建立故障树,并对其进行定性和定量分析,得出故障树的全部最小割集和顶事件的发生概率.对各基本事件的结构重要度、概率重要度和关键重要度进行了计算.重点介绍了长输油气管线风险概率分析软件的总体结构、功能及其实现过程.最后给出了应用实例.     

螺栓法兰连接模糊故障树分析

根据螺栓法兰连接系统的模糊性、连接系统的主要故障及其失效原因,建立以连接系统泄漏失效为顶事件的故障树.依据模糊集理论,基于基本事件发生概率的三角模糊分布,对所建立的故障树进行了模糊分析.采用Fussel算法得到了顶事件的最小割集,求取了顶事件的模糊概率及不同置信水平下顶事件的隶属函数;将模糊重要度中值分析法引入螺栓法兰连接系统的故障树分析中,获得了顶事件最小λ截集水平下的各基本事件的模糊重要度,得到影响连接系统泄漏失效行为的重要因素,并给出相应的泄漏预防与控制策略.     

模糊故障树在通风系统可靠性研究中的应用

在缺乏足够可靠性数据的情况下,模糊故障树分析为研究矿井通风系统可靠性提供了重要途径.以完善的矿井通风系统构成为基础,用三角模糊数表示基本事件概率,以“矿井通风系统故障”作为顶事件构建矿井通风系统故障树(FTA),对通风系统可靠性进行研究,并将其应用于甘肃某矿.结果表明:故障树最小割集共549个,一级事件“监控反馈系统故障”是造成最小割集数量庞大的最主要原因;顶事件和一级事件可靠性较低,顶事件的失效模糊概率为(0.009,0.014,0.009),最大值达2.3％;监控反馈系统故障内基本事件模糊重要度最高,归一化最大值0.084 3,其余多分布于0.005 0～0.010 0范围内.     

基于模糊故障树的燃料电池发动机氢安全

针对燃料电池发动机的安全可靠性,分析了氢安全和电安全的基本要求及其影响因素,重点从氢安全角度建立了以氢气泄露为顶事件的故障树模型.考虑到底事件和中间事件发生故障概率的模糊性和不确定性,将模糊数学和故障树分析法相结合,对底事件的故障概率进行模糊化并计算了顶事件发生的模糊概率;然后,采用模糊数中值法进行了各底事件的模糊重要度分析,找出了燃料电池发动机安全性的薄弱环节并提出了相关整改措施.研究结果表明,该方法较之传统故障树分析法实用、有效,对提高燃料电池发动机的可靠性与安全性设计具有指导作用.     

大型软件研发项目安全性风险定量分析理论模型

为了解决大型软件研发项目安全性风险概率问题,以软件编码阶段中的质量风险类的文档质量风险因素为实际案例,研究和分析了大型软件工程项目复杂系统的风险特征。模糊故障树是由模糊数学和模糊集合理论综合集成的定量分析方法,首先计算顶事件的概率和底事件概率重要度,然后根据顶事件发生的概率重要度,确定顶事件对应的薄弱环节,最终为降低顶事件发生概率提供有效的改进途径。研究案例采用该定量模型,以文件破坏重大风险作为故障树顶事件,得出其概率和底事件概率重要度,找出了引起安全问题的存储风险,从而有效地保证软件开发过程的安全可靠性。因此,该定量方法能够有效地控制大型软件研发项目的安全性问题,不仅有效而且可行。     

劲性水泥土搅拌桩地下连续墙贝叶斯网络分析

分别分析了事件树、故障树和贝叶斯网络的优点和缺点,总结了三者联合应用的必要性,进而改善了贝叶斯网络的构造方法.方法是先将事件树的输出事件和序列事件分别作为故障树的顶事件和中间事件建造系统的故障树,再将故障树转化为系统的贝叶斯网络,然后利用贝叶斯网络的计算优势进行分析;建议贝叶斯网络中的任一非根节点事件出现失效时应按后验概率从大到小的次序对相应根节点事件进行控制.采用文中方法分析了SMW(soil-cement mixingwall)深基坑工程的基坑事故发生概率和造成事故的主要基本事件,证明了该方法的实用性.     

核电站高压安全注入系练的故障模式分析

高压安全注入系统是核电站专设安全设施的一个组成部分。正常运行时,它是个备用设备,发生失水事故时,可向堆芯注入应急冷却水,以确保核电站安全。本文将故障树分析法和状态枚举法相结合,成功地分析了“伪冗余”系统的故障模式,并利用重复模块分析法、早期不交化和蒙特卡罗法算出高压安全注入系统的无效度及置信区间、各部件的概率重要度和结构重要度。     

井筒矿车坠落事故的模糊故障树分析

为了保证矿井提升系统的安全运行,运用故障树分析方法,建立了井筒坠车的故障树,对井筒坠车事故发生的概率进行了定量计算,给出了不同截集水平下顶事件发生的概率及置信区间.研究表明:模糊故障树分析将有助于提高矿井提升系统运行的安全性和可靠性,且方法简洁实用.     

卫星光通信瞄准控制系统的故障树分析

瞄准、捕获和跟踪(PAT)技术是卫星光通信中的关键技术之一,对PAT子系统进行有效的状态监测与故障诊断具有十分重大的意义.针对PAT子系统中瞄准控制系统的故障诊断问题进行了研究.以电机转动异常这一故障为顶事件建立了故障树,并运用数学方法对其进行了定性与定量分析.应用表明,故障树分析法运用于瞄准控制系统故障诊断是可行的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that