短期饥饿处理对卵形鲳鲹鱼肉品质的影响

目的:分析在循环水养殖系统中短期饥饿处理对商品规格卵形鲳鲹鱼肉品质的影响.方法:取平均体质量(535. 04±36. 33) g的卵形鲳鲹,在循环水养殖系统中饥饿处理0(S0)、5(S5)、10(S10)和15d(S15),测定饥饿对形态、生化组成、品质构成和营养成分的影响.结果:肥满度(CF)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)随饥饿时间延长呈显著降低趋势(P 0. 05),水分和灰分质量分数显著升高(P 0. 05),粗蛋白和粗脂肪呈降低趋势,肌肉硬度显著降低(P 0. 05),凝聚性和弹性指数呈升高趋势(P 0. 05),精氨酸质量分数显著升高(P 0. 05),∑(n-3)/∑(n-6)脂肪酸比值从0. 418 9升高至0. 736 2.结论:饥饿处理15d从多个方面提升了商品规格卵形鲳鲹鱼肉品质.     

家榆、金叶榆抗旱生理生化指标的差异性比较

为了筛选用于评价家榆、金叶榆抗旱能力的生理生化指标,采用随机区组、成对比较复合设计思想,对7项抗旱生理生化指标进行了比较。发现：随土壤含水量降低和干旱胁迫持续时间的延长,家榆、金叶榆的可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量、细胞透性均呈增加趋势;可溶性蛋白含量、自由水/束缚水呈降低趋势。在同等干旱胁迫条件...     

不同处理条件对日本囊对虾亲虾卵巢发育及几种生化组分浓度的影响

在水温(23.5±1.5)℃,pH 7.0～8.0,盐度30～32,光强约为1 000lx的条件下,对来自台湾海峡的日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)(体质量为(83.26±1.47)g/ind)进行饥饿和切除眼柄的处理,研究亲虾性腺发育及卵巢发育过程中葡萄糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯的质量浓度变化情况.采用形态解剖称量法和酶学法测定亲虾卵巢发育过程葡萄糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯的质量浓度变化情况.结果表明:葡萄糖的质量浓度在对照组和切除眼柄组中呈现上升趋势,而在饥饿组中处于很低水平,交并组则是前2次取样有上升趋势,后2次取样时质量浓度下降;胆固醇的质量浓度在对照组和切除眼柄组积累呈显著递增趋势,饥饿组和交并组胆固醇质量浓度先上升后下降;甘油三酯的质量浓度将切除眼柄组与其余3组相比,整个实验期间都维持较高水平,但与对照组差异不太显著(p>0.05),饥饿组和交并组先上升后极显著降低(p<0.01).分析认为,日本囊对虾性腺发育过程,切除眼柄组的葡萄糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯质量浓度均有一定程度的积累上升,表明切除眼柄可以促进肝胰腺、血淋巴中营养物质活跃地转移到卵巢以保证卵黄积累,有利于亲虾的生殖能力的提高.该研究为进一步开展虾蟹类性腺生理学研究提供参考资料.     

树麻雀的体温调节

为探讨树麻雀的体温调节,对不同环境温度和光周期条件下的气候箱驯化树麻雀日体温、光照和黑暗两时段体温,以及季节驯化树麻雀的体温等进行比较。结果发现,环境温度对树麻雀体温影响显著（P〈0．05）,低温环境中树麻雀体温调节标准升高;光周期是树麻雀体温日节律调节的信号,光消失时树麻雀将启动相应的降低体温标准的节能预算对策;树麻雀体温的季节性差异极显著（P〈0．01）,夏、秋、冬和春四季树麻雀体温依次降低。总之,能量收支预算决定了树麻雀体温调节,高的体温和体温调节能力是树麻雀能够成为具有较高适合度的遍布物种的重要生     

夏眠期间仿刺参生长、肠体比以及RNA/DNA比值变化的研究

为了深入了解夏眠期间仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)的生长和生理变化,研究了夏眠仿刺参的体质量、肠体比以及RNA/DNA(简称R/D)比值.实验期间,夏眠组水温以每周5℃(0.7℃/d)由16℃缓慢升至26℃,然后在26℃后保持5周;对照组水温在16℃维持7周.期间每周称量仿刺参体质量并取样,测定仿刺参的肠体比比值以及肠、呼吸树和体壁中的R/D比值.实验结果显示,夏眠组仿刺参体质量和肠体比缓慢下降,当进入夏眠阶段后,夏眠组肠体比比值显著低于对照组.夏眠组仿刺参肠、呼吸树和体壁中R/D比值均表现出先升高后降低的趋势,其中夏眠初期的R/D比值显著高于对照组.这说明夏眠过程中仿刺参肠道严重退化,R/D比值可以用于反映夏眠阶段仿刺参的生长特征.本研究丰富了仿刺参的基础研究,对于夏季仿刺参养殖生产有一定的理论指导意义.     

限食对谷氨酸钠肥胖大鼠及人体肥胖代谢指标的影响

目的 观察短期限食对肥胖人群及大鼠脂肪代谢指标的影响.方法 动物实验:将谷氨酸钠肥胖大鼠分为对照组和限食组,并分别观察两组体重、Lee指数、脂肪指数和甘油三酯的变化;人体实验:受试者为21名女性,年龄22～45岁.限食者均限食7天,第1天为缓冲日,第2～6天为禁食日,第7天为恢复日.观察限食前后体脂、体脂百分率、体重、BMI和腰围的变化.结果 谷氨酸钠肥胖大鼠限食组体重、Lee指数、脂肪指数和甘油三酯与对照组相比明显下降,并且具有显著性差异(p＜0.01).21名受试者在限食前后体脂、体脂百分率和腰围差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05),体重和BMI下降差异有显著统计学意义(p＜0.01).结论 限食疗法对于肥胖症治疗及并发症预防具有重要意义.     

禁食或禁水树麻雀的体温变化

为探讨禁食和禁水树麻雀的体温变化,对禁食、禁水与对照3组树麻雀的体核温度进行比较.结果发现,禁食或禁水树麻雀体温调节与其体内的能量储备或代谢可用水的减少密切相关,平均体温随着实验时间延长和能量储备物减少出现波动降低的变化趋势,平均体温夜晚显著低于白天(P﹤0.05),生存压力和体温调节幅度禁食大于禁水.结论,体温降低很可能是禁食或禁水树麻雀体内节能或节水的重要生存对策     

饥饿对南方鲇和草鱼的生长及能量代谢的影响

以南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为对象,在(27.5±0.5)℃条件下,分别饥饿0d,3d,7d,14d,21d和28d,观察各实验处理对鱼体的生长及能量代谢的影响.研究发现:在饥饿28d后,2种鱼的体质量、体长无显著变化,但各自的肥满度和肝器官指数均显著降低(p0.05),南方鲇脂肪含量的降低幅度大于草鱼,其蛋白含量的降低幅度却小于草鱼.各饥饿处理时间点的草鱼静止代谢率(RMR)均显著高于南方鲇(p0.05),且随饥饿时间的延长呈直线下降的趋势;而南方鲇的RMR则呈先上升再下降的趋势.2种鱼的特定体质量生长率(SGR)在饥饿进程中均呈负增长,南方鲇和草鱼的各线粒体状态3呼吸率和细胞色素C氧化酶活性随饥饿时间延长均表现出了不同的变化的趋势.以上结果表明,南方鲇和草鱼应对饥饿胁迫的生理生态学机制存在组织特异性和物种特异性.通过讨论提出,由于南方鲇与草鱼为不同的营养类型,尤其是捕食行为模式各异,因此进化出不同的适应饥饿胁迫的能量生态对策.     

冷驯化对中缅树鼩白色脂肪组织和血液生理生化指标的影响

对冷驯化条件下中缅树鼩的白色脂肪组织重量和血液生理生化指标进行测定.结果表明:中缅树鼩的体重、白色脂肪组织重量及含量随着冷暴露时间的延长而显著增加.冷驯化组中缅树鼩的血常规指标中白细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞、血小板与对照组相比无显著差异.而冷驯化组中缅树鼩血生化中葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰胺转移酶则显著高于对照组.实验结果提示,中缅树鼩体内白色脂肪的大量堆积导致了体重的增加,冷驯化条件下中缅树鼩血液葡萄糖的增加可能是因为过多能量的摄入使其肝脏代谢负担增加,对其肝脏代谢功能产生了不良影响.     

减肥运动干预对肥胖大学生身体形态、机能及身体素质影响的研究

本研究以内蒙古医科大学30名肥胖学生为研究对象,对其开展了为期两个学期的中小强度有氧运动减肥活动,通过比较其运动减肥干预前后身体形态指标、生理指标、生化指标、身体素质的差异,得出研究结果:两个学期运动减肥干预后,肥胖学生的体重、体脂率、腰围、臀围等身体形态指标,空腹血糖、血脂四项等血液生化指标及血压、肺活量等生理指标均有所改善,立定跳远、坐位体前屈、台阶指数等各项身体素质均有所提高.有氧运动减肥可有效降低肥胖学生的肥胖程度,改善其身体形态、生理指标、血液生化指标,对增进肥胖学生的健康具有显著作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the