木材表面SiO2/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜的构建

【目的】为获得具有良好机械耐磨性的超疏水木材,构建了木材表面SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜。【方法】采用两步法在木材表面构建有机/无机复合超疏水涂层,在木材基底预置透明环氧树脂底层以覆盖木材表面天然微沟槽结构,然后构建SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷(FAS)复合超疏水薄膜。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜以及傅里叶红外光谱仪对超疏水涂层的微观形貌和化学组成进行表征,并测试其疏水、疏油和机械耐磨性能。【结果】木材表面复合超疏水涂层具有精细的微/纳米二元粗糙结构,该结构协同低表面能物质FAS,使木材表面不仅具有良好的超疏水性能(水静态接触角为153°,滚动角低于4°),而且疏油(乙二醇接触角为146°,滚动角低于11°); 经砂纸多次磨擦后木材表面水接触角和滚动角基本不变,超疏水性能保持稳定,超疏水涂层的微纳米结构及疏水物质依然保留,表现出良好的机械耐磨性。【结论】有机/无机复合超疏水涂层体系中,环氧树脂由于黏结作用使得SiO₂纳米粒子与木材基底形成牢固的结合,从而赋予涂层良好的机械稳定性。     

冷凝换热表面超疏水复合涂层的制备及性能

针对目前促成滴状冷凝换热的超疏水表面造价昂贵、热导率低和综合性能差等问题,以可溶性聚四氟乙烯、改性石墨烯(C)、气相二氧化硅等为原料,通过共混法在不锈钢基材上制备了用于冷凝传热表面的高导热超疏水复合涂层,并对其耐腐蚀能力、导热系数、强度和蒸汽冷凝传热性能进行测试分析。结果表明,涂层的耐酸腐蚀性能、导热性能强于304不锈钢,当含3%的C时,导热系数为18.188W·(m·K)^-1,在20%硫酸浓度恒温30℃条件下腐蚀速率为0.201mg·(cm²·h)^-1,和基材结合强度达38MPa。SEM分析表明,涂层疏水性能与气相二氧化硅含量有关,且质量分数为10%时接触角达155°。冷凝实验表明常压蒸汽在涂层表面冷凝时传热系数达120k W·(m²·K)^-1,大于不锈钢表面近10倍,并得出其滴状冷凝不持久的原因。     

石墨基PTFE涂层阴极动态隔膜电解池产H2O2效能

采用自制的石墨基聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层电极做阴极,以Nafion117阳离子交换膜为隔膜,构建动态隔膜电解池,重点研究隔膜、PTFE添加量、阴极电解液循环流量对体系产H₂O₂性能的影响,并考察电极的重复使用性能。结果表明：动态隔膜电解池产H₂O₂的性能明显高于无隔膜或静态实验的方式。当PTFE乳液(质量分数60%)添加量为0.7 mL、电解液初始pH为3、电流密度为5 mA/cm²、阴极电解液循环流量为0.3 L/min时,体系产H₂O₂效果最佳,反应180 min时的H₂O₂产量达到27.43 mg/(L·cm²),此时的电流效率为72.09%,能耗为7.87 kW·h/kg。但是电极的重复使用性能不佳,连续使用5次后,180 min时的H₂O₂产量降至8.99 mg/(L·cm²)。     

NaY9(SiO4)6O2: Bi3+,Eu3+荧光材料的合成及温敏特性

为寻找高性能荧光温敏探针材料,用荧光强度比率法,对NaY_9-x-y(SiO₄)₆O₂:xBi³⁺,yEu³⁺荧光粉体的温敏特性进行了研究.结果表明:该材料中存在Bi³⁺→ Eu³⁺的高效能量传递,单一波段激发Bi³⁺发光离子,可获得Bi³⁺和Eu³⁺的双发射荧光光谱;温度升高时,Eu³⁺发射光谱的猝灭速率比Bi³⁺缓慢;根据不同温度下2种发光光谱强度的比值,获得了NaY_6.192(SiO₄)₆O₂:0.108Bi³⁺,2.7Eu³⁺在300~450 K最高相对灵敏度为1.51 %·K^-1,大大优于可实用温敏材料的相对灵敏度数值(0.3 %·K^-1),该材料具有较大的实际应用前景.     

SiO2包覆对爆炸喷涂自敏涂层发光和摩擦性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在铝酸锶荧光粉表面包覆SiO₂层,以45号钢为基体,采用爆炸喷涂技术制备不同SiO₂包覆质量分数下的SrAl₂O₄∶Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺/Cu-14Al-X自敏复合涂层.对比研究了不同包覆质量分数下铝酸锶粉末与自敏涂层的发射光谱和余辉衰减曲线,复合涂层的摩擦系数与磨损量以及SiO₂包覆质量分数对自敏涂层的发光性能和摩擦学行为的影响.结果表明:SiO₂包覆使得铝酸锶在爆炸喷涂制备过程中得到了保护,提高了涂层的发光性能.随着SiO₂包覆质量分数的增加,复合涂层结构致密度、硬度和耐磨性提高.20%包覆质量分数下铝酸锶粉末硬度为564.5HV,比未包覆铝酸锶粉末的涂层提高了38%.由于破碎后的SiO₂包覆层具有自润滑效果,包覆后复合涂层的摩擦系数相对稳定,15%SiO₂包覆质量分数下复合涂层摩擦系数为0.182,具有最优的摩擦性能.     

涂层法制备超疏水表面及在油水分离中的应用

采用涂层法,以含硅聚四氟乙烯为成膜物质,以疏水纳米SiO2为填料,成功制备出含有微/纳米复合结构的超疏水表面.系统研究了疏水纳米SiO2和低表面能物质的含量与涂层表面水接触角的关系.采用接触角测量仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对涂层的水接触角和表面形貌进行表征,根据国家标准分别对涂层厚度、硬度和结合力进行测试.在最佳制备条件下,该超疏水涂层水接触角153.5°,涂层厚度22μm,涂层硬度4H,结合力1级.该超疏水涂层具有自清洁及良好的油水分离性能.     

氮化硼纤维填充聚乙烯醇导热复合材料的制备

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基体,选用六方氮化硼纤维(BN fiber)作为导热填料,通过溶液共混的方法制备导热复合材料。结合X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及导热测试结果,探究填料的微观形貌以及与基体的界面相容性对于提升复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明:BN fiber对于提升复合材料的面内导热率有很好的效果,而且采用过氧化氢(H₂O₂)溶液进行表面改性,可以有效改善界面相容性;当经过1 400℃热处理再经过表面改性的BN fiber(BN fiber-1400-H₂O₂)的填充量为5%(质量分数)时,复合材料的面内导热率达到了1.32 W·m^-1·K^-1,为纯PVA体系的629%,相比于表面改性前提升了60%。     

纳米TiO2/多孔碳复合材料的制备及其超级电容器性能的研究

针对传统超级电容器中碳质材料受比表面积和孔径限制导致的比电容小,能量密度低(<10 Wh·kg^-1)等问题,本工作利用瞬时纳米沉降技术(FNP)成功合成了SiO₂/MXene复合物,后利用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)在800℃下进行热处理得到负载微量TiO₂颗粒的多孔碳材料(TiO₂/PC-800)。这种多孔结构可以提供更大有效比表面和化学反应活性位点,有利于缩短离子传输路径,加快离子传输。电化学测试结果表明TiO₂/PC-800具有较高的比电容,在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下比电容为215.5 F·g^-1,同时还具有优异的循环稳定性,在10 A·g^-1的大电流密度下循环5 000圈后比电容保持率为98.6%。组装的TiO₂/PC-800//TiO₂/PC-800对称型超级电容器在0.7 kW·kg^-1的功率密度下获得的能量密度高达50.8 Wh...     

改性氧化石墨烯/二氧化硅/环氧树脂复合涂料的制备及性能研究

采用超声搅拌法制备A-GO/SiO₂/EP复合涂料，分别对A-GO与SiO₂的适宜比例(m(A-GO)∶m(SiO₂))进行研究并进行力学性能测试，通过电化学相关试验评价A-GO/SiO₂对涂层防腐性能的影响.     

纳米SiO2和CeO2对柴油/生物柴油掺混燃料燃烧与排放的影响

文章在ZS1100柴油机上对比研究柴油、B20(20%生物柴油+80%柴油)、B20Si25Ce25(B20+25 mg/kg SiO₂+25 mg/kg CeO₂)、B20Si50Ce50(B20+50 mg/kg SiO₂+50 mg/kg CeO₂)、B20Si100-Ce100(B20+100 mg/kg SiO₂+100 mg/kg CeO₂)的燃烧和排放特性。结果表明：柴油中掺混生物柴油会导致发动机缸压和放热率下降,油耗升高,热效率降低,同时CO、NO_x和碳烟排放下降,但会引起HC排放升高;纳米SiO₂和CeO₂混合添加剂能够优化B20的燃烧,提高缸压和放热率峰值,缩短滞燃期,同时使油耗降低5.9%,热效率提高4.9%;在排放方面,B20中添加纳米添加剂后能使CO、HC、碳烟排放分别降低67.7%、41.9%、66.7%;B20中添加少量的纳米混合添加剂可以使NO_x     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that