需求变动下双渠道供应链的竞争和协调

研究由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链系统当突发事件发生时制造商和零售商之间的竞争和协调问题.通过求解优化问题的Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件,分别给出正常情况下和突发事件发生导致需求变动时一体化双渠道供应链系统的最优定价和生产决策,并提出改进的数量折扣契约以协调突发事件发生时分散式双渠道供应链系统.结果表明需求扰动的大小和消费者对电子渠道的接受程度对双渠道供应链系统的定价、生产决策和协调契约有着重要影响,另外需求扰动量的变化幅度越大,采取应对措施前后的利润差异越大.最后通过数值分析验证了模型的有效性.     

政府补贴和消费者绿色偏好供应链策略及协调

在考虑政府补贴和消费者绿色偏好情形下,为探究制造商开通在线渠道的动机,以及不同渠道 结构中供应链成员最优决策和社会福利的变化,构建制造商领导、零售商跟随的 Stackelberg 模型;比较不同 渠道结构下供应链成员的均衡策略,并设计价格折扣和成本分担契约实现供应链协调,最后通过算例对模型 进行验证;研究发现,政府补贴能够提高制造商开通在线渠道的动机;与单渠道相比,双渠道结构能够明显提 高制造商的利润及社会福利;零售商双渠道的利润是否高于单渠道的利润与消费者绿色偏好有关,当消费者 绿色偏好较高时,零售商双渠道的利润才高于单渠道的利润;价格折扣和成本分担契约可以实现整个供应链 系统协调,并且政府补贴和消费者绿色偏好越高时,供应链整体利润改进的幅度越大,此时制造商和零售商 更有合作的意向。     

搭便车低碳供应链纵向合作的微分博弈模型

双销售渠道间的搭便车已是常态.为了研究双渠道低碳供应链成员间的搭便车行为,以减排量为状态变量,假定市场需求受减排量和促销努力双重影响,构建单制造商和单零售商的3种微分博弈模型,探讨低碳供应链上下游企业合作条件及各参数对成员决策影响.研究发现:一定条件下,成本分担契约可实现各成员及系统利润改善;当制造商单位收益达到一定条件,成本分担契约对制造商利润改善效果更佳;过高的零售商低碳宣传成本和搭便车消费者比率会降低成本分担契约的改善效果.     

非对称信息下双渠道供应链应对突发事件协调模型

针对由制造商主导的双渠道供应链,引入双渠道价格敏感系数及竞争系数两个变量,假设零售商的成本信息为私有条件,研究在非对称信息下发生突发事件的双渠道供应链最优应对。研究结果表明,供应链的最优生产量、最优直销价格、批发价格和最优零售价格具有一定的鲁棒性。在非对称情形下,突发事件导致零售商成本在一定范围内扰动时,双渠道供应链的最优生产计划、销售计划可以保持不变。但当零售商的成本扰动超出了一定范围时,则需要通过协调才能使供应链重新达到平衡,实现对突发事件的有效应对。最后,通过数值仿真验证了研究结果。     

成本信息不对称下季节性商品双渠道供应链协调

针对季节性商品双渠道供应链中零售商谎报销售成本的现象,研究季节性商品两级双渠道供应链的契约协调问题。考虑季节性商品短生命周期的特点,基于报童模型建立集中决策与分散决策下零售和直销双渠道供应链利润模型,求解对比分散决策和集中决策下季节性商品双渠道供应链的利润。为了优化分散决策下季节性商品双渠道供应链的性能,构建批发价和回购联合契约协调零售商谎报销售成本信息不对称的供应链。研究结果表明:在联合契约下制造商和零售商的利润均是增加的,验证了模型和联合契约协调的有效性。     

应急环境和非对称信息下两个竞争零售商的供应链批发价契约

研究了非对称信息下包含一个供应商和两个Bertrand竞争零售商的两级供应链系统批发价契约如何应对突发事件问题.首先在正常状态下,当零售商成本信息为非对称信息时,设计了集中控制下供应链契约和分散控制下供应链批发价契约.当突发事件造成零售商的成本分布变化时,给出了上述两种供应链契约的应急决策.仿真结果表明,当零售商成本扰动在一个很小范围内时,供应商可以保持原生产计划不变,说明原有的契约机制具有一定的鲁棒性;当扰动比较大时,要对原来的生产计划进行调整.     

基于柔性期权契约的供应链协调分析

基于看涨期权柔性契约讨论了由一个制造商与一个零售商组成的两级供应链的协调问题。通过推导制造商的最优生产决策及零售商的最优订货决策,得到了使供应链整体利润达到系统最优利润的契约参数设置集合,且与批发价格契约相比,采用集合中的契约制造商、零售商及供应链的整体利润均高于批发价格契约下的利润。     

碳税政策下的双渠道供应链碳减排技术创新协作策略

在碳税政策下，针对制造商直销渠道和零售商传统渠道的产品销售价格存在差异及消费者低碳偏好，通过构建双渠道供应链碳减排技术创新投入博弈模型，研究零售商订货与制造商碳减排技术创新投入的决策问题.研究结果表明：通过两部定价契约和转移支付补偿契约可以实现双渠道供应链系统的协调.与制造商单独碳减排技术创新投入情形相比较，碳减排技术创新投入成本分担情形下双渠道销售总量、碳减排率更高.双渠道供应链系统利润的大小取决于零售商分担碳减排技术创新投入比例的大小；双渠道销售总量、碳减排率、制造商利润和双渠道供应链利润随着碳税增加而增加，而零售商利润随之降低；碳减排率和双渠道销售总量随着渠道竞争强度的增加而降低，制造商利润、零售商利润以及双渠道供应链利润随着渠道竞争强度的增加则先降后增；双渠道销售总量、碳减排率、制造商利润和双渠道供应链利润随着消费者低碳偏好的增加而增加，而零售商利润则随之先降后增.     

非对称信息下供应链中商业信用激励契约研究

利用委托代理分析框架研究供应链中制造商向零售商提供商业信用的激励作用.通过比较信息对称和非对称信息两种条件下信用激励契约的设计,分析了供应链中制造商与零售商之间的利益博弈,确定了使委托人期望效用最大的契约参数.指出零售商在非对称信息条件下付出的最优努力水平小于信息对称条件下的最优努力水平,随着零售商风险厌恶程度的增大,商业信用的激励作用会减弱.最后,给出了一个算例.     

产品技术创新风险下零售商O2O供应链协调策略

对于制造商创新投入降低产品边际成本问题,考虑零售商O2O供应链中零售商在传统渠道服务努力,同时制造商进行有风险的技术创新,并且技术创新成功概率为共同知识情况下,分散和集中决策时供应链成员的最优决策和期望利润.研究发现制造商创新投入力度、零售商传统渠道服务努力都受创新投入和服务努力的成本系数的影响,并随着技术创新成功概率和服务对需求影响系数的增大而增大,创新投入力度和服务努力都与2个渠道潜在需求份额无关.最后提出成本分摊加收入共享混合契约,在该契约下双方共担创新风险、供应链达到协调,并且整体收益可以在双方间任意分配.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has