Non-genomic action of juvenile hormone modulates the synthesis of 20-hydroxyecdysone in Drosophila

A wide array of biological events in the life history of insects are orchestrated by juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E) [1].They control embryoni...     

家蚕BmMet2基因的组织定位与激素诱导表达分析

Met作为保幼激素(JH)的受体, 能编码bHLH-PAS结构域结合DNA并调控下游基因的表达。为了探究BmMet2是否作为JH的受体参与调控家蚕的生长发育,以家蚕为材料,用生物信息学方法分析了BmMet2蛋白结构,利用实时定量PCR检测其在翅原基不同时期和激素诱导下的表达情况;原核表达了BmMet2中能与DNA结合的蛋白区域BmMet2DBD,并制备了抗体;利用蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)和免疫组化检测了BmMet2在家蚕多个时期和各组织中的定位表达情况。结果显示:在翅原基中,BmMet2在5龄第3天和5龄第6天有较高水平的表达,蛹期的表达量较低,这与家蚕体内JH的滴度一致;BmMet2在5龄第6天、吐丝期和预蛹期的胸节表皮、脂肪体及翅原基等组织中都有较高的表达;JH和20E均对BmMet2有不同程度的诱导,说明其可能同时参与了JH和20E的调控, 进而参与调控家蚕变态发育过程。     

单片机在铁路公寓叫班系统中的应用

介绍了ＭＣＳ－５１（８０３１）和ＰＩＣ１６Ｃ５４单片机在铁路公寓叫班系统中的应用，包括ＪＨ１０００铁路公寓叫班系统简介；由ＰＩＣ１６Ｃ５４单片机构成的ＦＳＫ信令系统；ＪＨ１０００Ｂ型单片机型叫班主机构成、主要功能、端机参数存储格式及校验方法和程序简介；ＪＨ１０００铁路公寓叫班系统端机的构成及主要功能，以及用ＰＩＣ１６Ｃ５４单片机实现ＪＨ１０００铁路公寓叫班系统端机的原理和方法     

Induction of vitellogenin and growth of implanted oocytes in male cockroaches

Vitellogenins are yolk protein precursors that are synthesised in the liver of lower vertebrates in response to ovarian hormones, and in the fat body tissue of insects, under the influence, in most species, of juvenile hormone (JH) from the corpora allata (CA). Vitellogenins are normally restricted to females, although in male amphibians and roosters their synthesis can be induced artificially by the injection of oestrogens. Thus female specificity is maintained by hormonal differences between adult males and females. In insects, on the other hand, because the CA of adults of both sexes are active, it appeared that male fat body could not normally respond to JH by synthesising vitellogenin. However, precise JH synthetic rates of male CA are only known in Schistocerca gregaria and Diplopterapunctata, in which species they are low compared to the rates in the female glands. The absence of vitellogenin in adult males could thus be due to inadequate JH titres. We report here that synthesis of vitellogenin can indeed be induced in males of Diploptera by implantation of female CA or application of Diploptera by implantation of female CA or application of a JH analogue, ZR512 (Zoecon), and that implanted oocytes take up the vitellogenin.     

微生物采油菌种室内分析评价

针对巴51断块油藏条件及流体性质,对华北油田研究院提供的CY2、CQ2、LC及JH四株菌进行了室内分析评价。通过对四株菌代谢及乳化降黏情况分析,CQ2菌在发酵的过程中产生气体,CY2菌对原油作用效果较差,LC菌和JH菌能产生表面活性物质,使表面张力和原油黏度降低。菌种物理模拟实验结果表明,LC菌和JH菌驱油效果较好,与乳化降黏实验结果相符。在物理模拟驱油过程中,利用剩余油果收率作为物理模拟驱油平行实验的评价指标能减小效果评价的误差。实验证明,LC菌和JH菌在巴51断块具有较好应用前景。     

Study on the interaction between Jak3 and IL-2R γ using the yeast two-hybrid system

Both interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor γ subunit and non-receptor tyrosine kinase Jak3 play important roles in IL-2 physiological functions. Jak3 has been known to bind IL-2Rγ and the interaction is very important for IL-2 signaling. In order to find the domains directly involved in the interaction between IL-2Rγ and Jak3, various deletion mutants have been constructed and their interaction has been studied using the yeast two-hybrid system. Results show that the JH3-JH7 region of Jak3 N-terminal can bind to intracellular domain of IL-2Ry directly and the intact structure of JH3-JH7 region is necessary for this combination. In addition, the region from 305 to 317 amino acid residues near the C-terminal of IL-2Ry plays a critical role in this interaction .     

不动杆菌JH250-8邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因的克隆及分析

目的研究不动杆菌JH250-8的石油降解机制,克隆并分析其邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因.方法应用数据库的同源序列设计引物,对不动杆菌JH250-8邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶(C12O)和邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶(C23O)基因进行扩增,并用生物信息学软件及在线生物分析工具等分析编码蛋白质.结果不动杆菌JH250-8中同时含有C12O和C23O两种邻苯二酚双加氧酶;扩增的DNA序列长度分别为1 299和1 118 bp,蛋白质编码区长度为1047和930 bp,分别编码358和309个氨基酸;两个邻苯二酚双加氧酶等电点(p I)分别为5.03和4.79,均为酸性蛋白质;酶分子中都含有较多极性和可电离氨基酸,在水中有较好的溶解性,但由于N端都有一段疏水性肽段,可能会影响其水溶液的稳定性;在蛋白质二级结构上,两个酶分子中都有较丰富的二级结构单元,既有较好的稳定性,又有较好的底物适应性.C12O的三级结构由同型二聚体构成,每个亚基上都结合有Fe3+;C23O三级结构的核心由两组β-折叠构成,另有4个α-螺旋结构分布于外侧.结论不动杆菌JH250-8有两种邻苯二酚双加氧酶,两种酶均为酸性蛋白质,有较好的水溶性及结构稳定性.分析结果对邻苯二酚双加氧酶的后续研究有重要的参考价值及指导意义.     

Major reorganization of immunoglobulin VH segmental elements during vertebrate evolution

In mammals, the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) locus is organized in a linear fashion; individual VH, diversity (DH), joining (JH) and constant (CH) region segments are linked in separate regions. During somatic development, coding segments flanked by characteristic short recombination signal sequences, separated by intervening sequence regions that may exceed 2,000 kilobases (kb), are recombined. Combinatorial joining of different segments as well as imprecision in this process contribute to the diversity of the primary antibody response; subsequent mutation further alters functionally rearranged genes. This basic somatic reorganization mechanism is shared by six major families of genes encoding antigen receptors. Previously, we have shown that multiple germline genes and mammalian-like recombination signal sequences are associated with the VH gene family of Heterodontus francisci (horned shark), a primitive elasmobranch. Studies presented here demonstrate that segmental reorganization involving mammalian-like DH and JH segments occurs in the lymphoid tissues of this species. In marked contrast to the mammalian system, we find multiple instances of close linkage (approximately 10 kb) between individual VH, DH, JH, and CH segments. This unique organization may limit combinatorial joining and be a factor in the restricted antibody response of this lower vertebrate.     

家蚕表皮型几丁质合成酶基因BmCHSA-2a的鉴定及对激素响应

文中采用5'Race方法获得了几丁质合成酶基因（BmCHSA-2a）的第1外显子（Exon 1, 141 bp）和第2外显子（Exon 2a,106 bp）,证明外显子2a在鳞翅目昆虫几丁质合成酶中高度保守. 根据该外显子序列设计引物,分析BmCHSA-2a对激素响应分析. 结果表明蜕皮激素(Ecdysone ,20E)抑制BmCHSA-2a的表达,而保幼激素(Juvenile Hormone, JH)间接促进其表达. 根据家蚕基因组所预测的启动子序列,扩增了调控BmCHSA-2a表达的启动子,证明蜕皮激素抑制启动子活性,并存在大量蜕皮激素通路BmFTZ-F1的调控元件,对BmFTZ-F1表达调控的进一步研究表明,蜕皮激素抑制其表达. 研究结果初步分析了家蚕表皮几丁质合成酶BmCHSA-2a可能的表达机制,为深入研究其表达调控机理及发现害虫防治新靶标提供了理论基础.     

白蚁品级分化研究进展

白蚁作为具有品级多型和精致行为的高度社会化昆虫,品级分化是白蚁社会化生活的基础,也是生命科学的重要议题。从品级分化的类型及其影响因子、个体识别、信息传递、激素调控机理等方面,对白蚁品级分化的研究现状进行综述,为白蚁群体结构的深入理解及有效防治提供参考。白蚁品级分化主要分为生殖个体分化和非生殖个体分化两类,包括群体成员对环境的感知、相关信息的传递、个体对外部信息的生理响应、激素调控途径等环节。个体类型和生理状态信息主要以表皮碳氢化合物和挥发性信息素为媒介。品级主要受脑激素(BH)、蜕皮激素(MH)和保幼激素(JH)调节,其中JH水平对品级决定有重要影响。MH和JH的上游信号包括脑激素、胰岛素、生物胺、生长因子等信号,下游信号包括基因组、凋亡决定、储存蛋白和表观遗传等信号。在未来研究中,对营养因子信号、蜕皮激素的作用和表观遗传学途径应给予更多关注。     

长角血蜱性信息素生物合成的激素调控

用气相色谱和高效液相色谱分别对长角血蜱雌蜱盾窝腺中性信息素２，６－二氯酚含量和整体蜕皮激素２０－羟基蜕皮酮含量进行了测定。结果表明，雌蜱２，６－ＤＣＰ生物合成开始于由若早蜕出后５ｄ，之后其含量增加并在盾窝腺中沉积，吸血前后达到高峰，吸血后３ｄ开始下降，但吸血后３－５ｄ内保持在一恒定水平，此期内２，６－ＤＣＰ释放以吸引雄蜱，吸血后７ｄ即交配后含量急剧下降，饱血后下降为零。     

Identification of D segments of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes and their rearrangement in T lymphocytes

The finding that the diversity (D) and joining (JH) but not the variable (VH) DNA segments of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes are joined in the DNA of some cloned cytolytic T cells, led to identification and sequencing of three different D DNA segments. Two segments identified on the embryo DNA carry on both the 5' and 3' sides two sets of characteristic sequences separated by a 12-base pair spacer, which have been implicated as recognition signals for a recombinase. The third segment, identified in a form joined with a JHDNA segment in a T cell, carries the recognition signal on the 5' side. These results support the 12/23-base pair model for somatic generation of immunoglobulin V genes, and rule out the possibility that the cytolytic T cells use assembled VH, D and JH sequences to encode their antigen receptors.     

Identification and nucleotide sequence of a diversity DNA segment (D) of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes

A putative diversity segment of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes (D segments) has been identified 700 base pairs 5' to JH1 DNA on the germ-line genome of the mouse. This 10-base pair D segment is flanked by two sets of sequences related to (SEE FORMULAR IN TEXT) which are possible recognition sites for a recombinase. The spacer separating the heptamer and the nonamer is 12 base pairs long on both sides of the D segment. As the space separating the two signal sequences in VH DNAs and JH DNAs is 23 +/- 1 base pairs long, the two recombinations required for creation of a complete immunoglobulin VH gene, a VH--D joining and a D--JH joining, follow a 12/23-base pair spacer rule. Allelic exclusion is discussed with respect to D segments.     

A novel VH to VHDJH joining mechanism in heavy-chain-negative (null) pre-B cells results in heavy-chain production

During B-cell development, the VH genes of immunoglobulin heavy (H) chains are assembled from three different germline components: the variable (VH) segment, the diversity (D) segment and the joining (JH) segment. The joining between two segments involves the recognition of conserved nonamer-heptamer sequences bordering each segment, double-stranded cuts at the heptamer-segment border, and the re-ligation of the two segment ends which have frequently been modified by the deletion and addition of nucleotides. The flexibility of the joint increases VHDJH variability. However, it also results in many pre-B cells which do not produce immunoglobulin H chains and have non-functional VHDJH complexes carrying the VH and JH coding sequences in different reading frames. We show here that such 'null cells' are not dead-end products of the B-cell developmental pathway but can perform a novel VH to VHDJH joining using a 5' VH segment to replace the VH sequence of the VHDJ-H complex. This process can result in the generation of a VHDJ+H complex and the subsequent expression of an immunoglobulin heavy chain.     

The bcl-2 gene encodes a novel G protein

Little is known about the biochemical or functional nature of the proteins encoded by the bcl-2 gene, which undergoes chromosomal translocation in approximately 85% of follicular lymphoma, 20% of diffuse large cell lymphoma and 10% of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cells. Translocation of bcl-2 sequences from chromosome 18 to the JH segment of the immunoglobulin gene at chromosome band 14q32 in B cells results in deregulated expression of this gene, causing high steady state levels of bcl-2 messenger RNA2. DNA sequence data indicate that bcl-2 encodes two proteins by virtue of alternative splicing, designated as Bcl-2 alpha and Bcl-2 beta, with relative molecular masses of 26,000 and 22,000 respectively. Cell fractionation experiments indicate that the bcl-2 alpha gene product is located at the inner surface of the cell membrane, suggesting a possible role in mitogenic signal transduction. We report here that Bcl-2 alpha has GTP-binding activity and a protein sequence that suggests it belongs to the small molecular weight GTP-binding protein (G protein) family.     

Functional V region formation during in vitro culture of a murine immature B precursor cell line

B lymphocytes originate from pluripotential haematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells. B-cell lineage differentiation is accompanied by two types of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements--rearrangement of V, D and J gene segments to create a functional V gene and rearrangement of CH genes for heavy-chain switching. These results, however, have been obtained mainly by analysis of immunoglobulin gene organization of myeloma cells. Baltimore and his colleagues have established Abelson murine leukaemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed cell lines and found a few lines capable of carrying out kappa-gene rearrangement or undergoing isotype switching during in vitro culture. To study early B-cell lineage differentiation events, we have now also established A-MuLV-transformed cell lines which are capable of differentiating from mu- to mu+ and of undergoing continuing rearrangement of heavy-chain genes in culture. Analysis of immunoglobulin gene organization of these transformed cells revealed that mu- cells have already undergone DNA rearrangements involving JH segments but an additional rearrangement of JH segments is required for initiation of mu-chain synthesis. Southern blot analysis of the DNA and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of intracytoplasmic mu-chain show that mu-chain diversity with respect to antigen specificity may be generated during this second rearrangement process. As no rearrangement of light-chain genes takes place in these cells, this implies that light-chain gene rearrangement requires some further change, or a different enzyme.     

矩阵的若尔当标准形与有理标准形的关系探究

给出n级矩阵的若尔当标准形J与有理标准形B之间的关系,即存在可逆矩阵H,使得H^-1JH=B．     

家蚕BmFKBP45基因的表达和功能分析

以家蚕（Bombyx mori）为研究对象,对果蝇DmFKBP39的同源蛋白BmFKBP45进行了表达和初步的功能分析. 对DmFKBP39和BmFKBP45进行氨基酸序列比对分析发现,它们都含有酸性氨基酸区域、碱性氨基酸区域、核定位信号及FKBP结构域. 将BmFKBP45的第2个碱性区域与核蛋白HMG2的DNA结合位点进行比对,相似性达到21%,推测BmFKBP45可通过其第2个碱性区域与DNA结合,但EMSA的结果显示重组BmFKBP45不与果蝇的JHRE1元件结合. RT-PCR和Western blot结果显示,BmFKBP45在各个发育时期的家蚕翅原基中都有表达,在蛹期的表达量逐渐下降. 激素处理实验结果显示,BmFKBP45的表达并不受20E和JH的影响. 利用Pull-down、Far-western blot和Co-IP实验鉴定出一个与BmFKBP45相互作用的蛋白Bm6G1. 这些研究结果为进一步探究BmFKBP45的功能提供了线索.     

有机表面活性剂对水泥研磨的影响和作用

助磨剂运用于水泥生产以来,有机表面活性剂就被选为助磨材料。这些有机物从化学性质上看,它们都具有较好的吸附性,较强的极性和良好的润滑性。这些特性会对水泥研磨过程和水化过程产生影响。根据实验得出有机表面活性剂对水泥研磨时的细度、粒度和强度都有不同程度的作用。经反复试验,确定了表面活性剂三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、一乙醇二异丙醇胺为优秀助磨材料,从影响粉体物理性能结果看,3种组合都可作为优秀助磨剂,3种组合都能增加物料的流动性,使总流动性指数上升1～3个百分点,提高粉磨产量16%～20%,可明显提高物料的细度,特别是可提高3～32μm颗粒的含量10%～18%,可提高粉磨产量20%,可提高3 d抗压强度15%,28 d抗压强度25%以上。添加量在0.03%左右为宜。优选顺序是:TH>JT>JH。