焚烧炉烟气中HCl气体高温净化的温度选择

研究了普通石灰和改性石灰吸收HCl气体对应的平衡分压随温度的变化、石灰的热分解规律，以及温度对石灰吸收HCl气体的最大反应率的影响，确定了焚烧炉烟气中HCl气体的最佳干式净化温度．研究表明：随温度升高，石灰吸收HCl气体所对应的平衡分压升高；烟气中CO2分压提高，HCl的平衡分压亦升高，但是改性石灰可在一定程度上消除CO2对HCl吸收的不利影响；当反应产物中有未反应石灰存在时，HCl平衡分压会明显下降．200℃时已达最大反应率的石灰在600℃时仍能继续反应．HCl高温净化温度可确定在600℃左右，并可用改性石灰为吸引剂。     

改性CaCO3代替Ca(OH)2高温净化烟气中HCl气体的研究

在分析CO2对Ca（OH）2吸收HCl气体影响的基础上，研究了CaCO3类吸收剂替代Ca（OH）2在高温下吸收HCl气体的可行性．研究表明：Ca（OH）2在高温干式净化HCl的过程中，很大一部分是以CaCO3的形式反应的．与普通CaCO3相比，经NaOH溶液改性的CaCO3具有更高的反应活性，在550～650℃的高温段内的反应率甚至优于Ca（OH）2，且在600℃下对应的HCl平衡体积分数与Ca（OH）2相当或更低；因此，可以替代Ca（OH）2用作焚烧烟气中HCl气体吸收剂．600℃是改性CaCO3取代Ca（OH）2的合适反应温度．     

城市污水污泥热解实验及产物特性

采用外热式固定床热解装置，在250～700℃温度范围内对污水污泥进行了常压热解实验．研究了不同热解终温时固、液、气产物的燃料特性．结果表明，随着热解温度的提高，固体产物挥发分减少，固定碳和灰分增加，在250～450℃挥发分随热解温度变化较快，450～700℃时变化趋缓；固体产物热值在低温段较高，350℃时达到32475．6lkJ／kg，而后随热解温度的升高而降低．通过对热解油状产物性能评价，除N、S含量超标外，其他性能都可满足燃料油的要求（SH0536-95）．根据气相色谱的分析结果，温度在250～450℃时，热解气主要为CO2；在450～700℃时，气体中H2、CH4和CO等可燃气体含量逐渐增加，600℃时气体的热值最高，达到15530kJ／m^3．实际应用中在450～600℃下热解为宜．     

氯酸钠氧化法合成4-氧代-β-紫罗兰酮

采用GC-MS方法分析反应产物，对氯酸钠氧化β-紫罗兰酮的反应工艺进行研究，并探讨温度、时间、反应物配比和溶液的pH值对反应的影响。反应产物的结构采用红外光谱、质谱、氢核磁共振谱和元素分析等手段表征。研究结果表明：氯酸钠氧化β-紫罗兰酮的反应主要生成4-氧代-β-紫罗兰酮和5，6-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮，经重结晶和硅胶柱层析分离，纯度高于98％；4-氧代-β-紫罗兰酮的有利合成条件是反应温度为45℃，反应时间为24h，溶液的pH值为1～3，反应物配比n（β-ionone）：n（NaClO3）：n（NaI）为20：100：3，最佳收率为53．5％；5，6-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮有利的合成条件是反应温度为40℃，反应时间为24h，溶液的pH值为3，反应物配比n（pionone）：n（NaClO3）：n（NaI）为20：120：5，其收率为25．4％；未反应的β-紫罗兰酮经减压蒸馏回收后可重复使用。     

Bola型硫酸酯表面活性剂的合成

以聚丙二醇（PPG）为原料，经氯磺酸磺化，再用氢氧化钠中和，得到Bola型阴离子表面活性剂聚丙二醇二硫酸盐．考察了反应物物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间等对转化率及产物的影响．确定了最佳反应条件为：n（HSO3Cl）：n（PPG）=2．04：1，反应温度30℃，反应时间2．25h（其中滴液时间1．5h）；中和反应的温度为50℃．在此反应条件下，醇转化率为94．60%，Bola型硫酸酯质量分数为82．35％．用IR、MS对此表面活性剂结构进行了表征，并测定了此表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶柬浓度ccmc．     

改性石灰吸收HCl气体过程中的物理化学特性

用NaOH溶液处理CaO生成的改性石灰在350～760℃温度段对HCl气体吸收效率较原始石灰有显著的提高.通过对改性石灰吸收HCl气体过程中物理化学特性的研究来分析改性机理,研究表明:改性石灰的表面结构不规则,晶体规则化程度也较低,煅烧时分解速度较慢,新反应面的出现速度适应反应持续进行的要求,反应后的产物层多孔,这些均有利于对HCl的吸收.原始石灰在不同温度下反应后的产物种类相同,而改性石灰的产物成分在各温度下不一致.此外先生成的产物如CaCl2·2H2O可与未反应的石灰结合形成固溶体CaCl2·Ca(OH)2·H2O.     

高纯糠酸晶体的制备及其性能研究

本文以糠醛为原料通过Ｃａｎｎｉｚｚａｒｏ反应以７４．４％的收率制取了糠酸，反应温度为１２～２５℃．再以糠酸粗产物为原料通过升华法制得高纯糠酸晶体，纯度可达９９．９６％（ＧＣ）；升华温度１０５～１１５℃．并且进一步研究了糠酸及其晶体的制备方法、晶体的构象（通过分子力学计算方法）及其热稳定性（通过热重分析法ＴＧＡ和差热分析法ＤＴＡ）．     

正辛醇琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠的合成

以正辛醇、马来酸酐和亚硫酸氢钠为原料，合成了正辛醇琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠．结果表明：酯化反应最佳工艺系件为n[正辛醇]：n[马来酸酐]=1．00：1．05，催化剂无水乙酸钠的用量为物料总量的1％（质量分数）。于70℃下单酯化反应3．5h。得产率大于98％的单酯化产物．磺化反应条件以加浓度为35％的NaHSO3水溶液（其加入量为马来酸酐物质的量的1．05倍），加热温度90℃下磺化反应4h最佳．产物以IR进行表证，结果表明为预期产物．     

V2O5/γ-Al2O3催化四氢糠醇合成吡啶

研究了以四氢糠醇（THFA）、氨为原料，V2O5／γ-Al2O3为催化剂经气固相接触催化合成吡啶的反应．采用XPS、BET时催化剂进行了表征，用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对反应产物进行了分析，确定了主要产物吡啶．考察了反应温度、四氢糠醇流量、V2O5负载量和催化剂用量时反应的影响．结果表明，在反应温度为500℃，n（THFA）：n（NH3）=1：5，V2O5／γ-Al2O3负载量为20％的条件下，四氢糠醇的转化率为93．47％，吡啶的选择性为77．43％。吡啶的反应收率达到72．38％．     

磷钼杂多酸盐催化作用下的SBS环氧化反应

用磷铝杂多酸盐为反应控制相转移催化剂，以30％H2O2为氧源，对SBS进行环氧化反应．实验表明：其适宜条件为反应时间2h，反应温度70℃，SBS溶液浓度为100g／L．n（磷钼酸盐）：n（过氧化氢）=1．72，过氧化氢（相对于SBS）质量百分用量为27．2％，所得产物的环氧化程度最高为7．63％，催化剂可回收再利用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with