硝酸氧化法生产对硝基苯甲酸的小试研究

本文报道了采用硝酸氧化工艺生产对硝基苯甲酸的小试，研究了反应物用量、反应温度和压力等工艺条件。采用间歇式操作，最佳反应条件为对硝基甲苯与硝酸的摩尔比在１：２．２～１：４．０，硝酸浓度在２０％～４５％，反应温度在１５０～２２０℃，反应压力在１～４ＭＰａ，反应时间０．５～２ｈ产率高达９５％以上     

棉籽油脂肪酸正丁基酰胺的合成及表征

以棉籽油脂肪酸和正丁胺为原料合成了棉籽油脂肪酸正丁基酰胺．通过正交试验,确定其合成的最佳工艺条件：反应温度为125℃、反应时间为3．0h、催化荆用量为1．5％、投料比（棉籽油脂肪酸与正丁胺摩尔比）10：7．在优化反应条件下正丁胺的转化率达92．45％,通过红外光谱进行结构表征,确定反应产物为目标产物．     

苄基甲苯导热油的合成研究

采用氧化铁催化氯苄与甲苯的Ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌ－Ｇｒａｆｔｓ反应生成一苄基甲苯（ＭＢＴ）和二苄基甲苯（ＤＢＴ），当甲苯与氯苄的摩尔比为６：１，催化剂用量为每摩尔氯苄１．５克及１００℃下反应６小时时，产品收率达９５％。得到的ＭＢＴ和ＤＢＴ热稳定性好，操作温度范围广，无腐蚀性和怪味，是综合性能优良的导热油。     

对氯苄氰合成方法的改进

报道了以廉价的季铵盐类催化剂（ＬＡ）代替１８－冠－６、新洁尔灭生产对氯苄氰的小试研究．结果表明，用ＬＡ作催化剂合成对氯苄氰，产物收率达到９１．１％，纯度可达９５．４％。可望在生产上应用．     

固体超强酸TiO2/SO2-4催化合成丙酸苄酯

以固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ＾２－４为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,合成了丙酸苄酯、考察了催化剂制备,催化剂用量,原料配比,反应时间等因素对酯化率的影响,其最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比１：３,催化剂用量１ｇ,反应时间１．５ｈ,反应温度９５－１１０℃,酯化率达到８８％。     

硫酸氢钾催化合成丙酸苄酯的研究

用硫酸氢钾催化苯甲醇与丙酸的酯化反应合成了丙酸苄酯．研究结果表明：硫酸氢钾具有较高的催化活性．考察了催化剂用量、苯甲醇与丙酸摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度和带水剂环已烷用量对丙酸苄酯收率的影响、在典型反应条件下，丙酸苄酯的收率可以达到79．3％．该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用，具有良好的活性及稳定性，是合成丙酸苄酯的理想催化剂．     

电化学法还原对硝基氯代苯

在乙醇－盐酸溶液中以Ｐｂ为阴极，电解还原对硝基氯代苯以合成对氯苯胺。阴极液：７０ｍＬ的乙醇一盐酸溶液加１．０ｇ对硝基氯代苯，电流密度：４．６Ａ／ｄｍ＾２，电量：理论电量的１２０％时，对氯苯胺的最大产率达９６．２％。     

富铬啤酒酵母发酵条件的优化

通过对啤酒酵母富铬发酵条件（发酵培养基配方,发酵时间,发酵温度,接种量,培养基装量）的探讨,得到了富铬啤酒酵母发酵的最佳工艺条件,即：（１）发酵培养基配方：葡萄糖１％、酵母膏０．３％、蛋白胨１．０５％、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．１％、ＭｇＳＯ４７Ｈ２Ｏ０．１％、（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４０．１％、Ｃｒ３＋浓度０．０２ｇ／Ｌ、ｐＨ值５．１;（２）最佳吸收时间：发酵４８ｈ．（３）发酵温度：２８℃;（４）接种量：１０％;（５）培养基装量：５０ｍＬ．     

时效工艺对1．0％Ni—5．0％Sn铝合金组织和硬度的影响

本文对１．０％Ｎｉ—５．０％Ｓｎ铝合金进行了不同时效工艺的热处理试验，探讨了不同时效规范对铝合金的显微组织和布氏硬度的影响．结果表明：合理的时效规范可使１．０％Ｎｉ—５．０％Ｓｎ铝合金得到细密均匀的组织，使合金的硬度达到ＨＢ６０Ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２以上，从而满足使用性能的要求     

缓溶微肥磷酸铵锌的研制

文章探讨了以温法磷酸、氧化锌及氨水为原料制取磷铵锌的最优工艺条件，即反应湿度９０℃；ｐＨ值７．０；反应时间１小时，ｐ／Ｚｎ比（摩尔比）１．２５．氧化锌采用回收废干电池制取．由最优工艺条件小试结果表明，所得产品ＺｎＮＨ４ＰＯ４的浓度在８５％以上；锌的转化率大于９５％．ＺｎＮＨ４ＰＯ４可以加入复合肥中作为专用肥的基础肥料．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that