复杂性管理对企业核心竞争力的提升

在分析企业系统复杂性影响因素的基础上,指出企业可以通过合理配置复杂性、组织设计、文化建设等方面降低不合理的复杂性;提高个体认知和处理复杂性的能力;为增加有效复杂性提供空间;形成企业核心竞争力。     

微电子制造业与服务业核心竞争能力差异综述及二者核心竞争能力培育

本文从核心能力的三个重要特征出发,依据价值观,通过分析制造业与服务业的核心竞争能力内涵、判断标准及核心竞争能力的差异,指出微电子企业只有对核心竞争力进行持续不断的创新、发展和培育,才能保持长久核心竞争力的领先优势.作者在充分考虑微电子技术企业核心竞争力的内在要求、产业的发展方向、管理的更新趋势以及企业自身资源的发展状况的基础上,提出企业充分依靠政府的引导作用,在竞争中对企业的核心资源进行配置与定位,实现企业核心竞争力的及时跃升,以维持和扩大核心竞争能力的竞争优势.     

基于综合权重和物元可拓法的企业突破性创新能力评价

针对突破性创新的特殊性,提炼出突破性创新能力的七个测量维度,包括决策能力、投入能力、研发能力、管理能力、生产能力、市场推广能力和风险控制能力。测评时综合应用层次分析法、信息熵理论与物元可拓理论,建立基于综合权重与物元可拓模型的企业突破性创新能力评价模型,并提出评估方法。然后,通过算例对企业突破性创新能力评估模型的科学性和可行性进行验证。研究结果表明,企业的突破性创新投入能力和研发能力是创新能力的主导因素,企业应该加大创新资源投入,整合创新资源,注重研发团队的建设与激励。     

基于能力分析的空间对抗装备体系效能评估方法

首先研究了空间对抗的核心能力要素;然后研究了空间对抗装备体系的构成,即将核心能力要素细化为基本能力要素并映射到空间对抗装备子系统;最后构建由作战能力指标→核心能力指标及权重赋值→基本能力指标及权重赋值→单项效能指标及权重赋值组成的指标体系,并提出基于该指标体系的单项效能评价→系统综合评价→体系综合评价→作战效能评价→结果验证的综合评估途径.     

交通运输可持续发展体系的评估方法初探

可持续发展是当今交通运输理论的研究热点，本文构造和分析了交通运输可持续发展的理论及其特点，在此基础上提出了一个评价指标体系。最后引入基于重心的模糊综合评判理论对该指标体系进行评价。     

对教师教学质量的综合评价

高校的一项重要内容之一就是对教师的教学质量进行评判,如何公正公平对教师教学质量进行评判成为一项重要问题。以往对教师的综合评判多为定性分析,带有一定的主观性和片面性,不够全面准确,将模糊数学中的多层次模糊综合决策应用于教师教学质量评估,给出了具体步骤,这种方法具有一定的科学性和合理性。     

模糊综合评判法在城市交叉口综合质量评价中的应用

为了全面评价城市交叉口综合质量,选择了交叉口混合交通运行状态评价指标,并通过指标隶属度函数研究建立了相应的模糊综合评判模型.结合实例对其综合运行质量进行了评价分析和聚类排序,从而为评估城市交通拥堵、制定相应的交通管理和控制策略提供了一种有效的定量分析方法.     

产品上市周期中物流、信息流作用规律分析

缩短产品上市周期对提高企业的竞争力具有重要的意义，本文通过对物流、信息流的相互作用过程和规律分析，提出物流过程是影响产品上市周期的瓶颈所在，问题解决的关键在于加强信息流对物流的控制和调节，加强企业物流管理信息系统的建设。     

我国高新区经济发展效益的区域差异及其原因分析

本文选择我国高新区1991～2000年10年间的单位企业出口额、工业总产值、技工贸收入和企业利润4个指标，利用MATLAB工具进行函数模拟，利用函数积分研究东、中、西部地区高新区经济发展的效益差异。结果表明：东、中、西部差异最大的是单位企业出口创汇的效益，西部地区与东部、中部的对应指标比例关系为1：9．96：3．85。中部地区在单位企业工业增加值、技工贸收入、利润这三个效益指标中，均高于东部和西部地区。除单位企业利润指标东部地区略逊色于中、西部外，其余两项指标西部地区与东部、中部还存在差距。文章从历史、地理、政策、技术对接能力、创新能力等方面进行了区域差异原因剖析。并从高新技术主导产业、新型高科技企业、西部地区能力建设和成本节省等方面提出了相应建议。     

基于词频分析的我国2005年科学学发展动向探析

以北京大学出版社出版的《中文核心期刊要目总览》（2004年版）中科学学类的12种核心期刊2005年所载论文作为统计数据源，采用词频统计的内容分析法，分析我国2005年科学学研究的动向。统计结果表明：企业、技术、创新、管理、科技、发展、知识、战略、评价、产业、科学等领域是2005年我国科学学的主要研究热点，这些研究热点的出现，说明我国科学学研究的应用化走向。通过与国际科学学研究动向进行比较，认为我国应该加强科学学理论与方法的研究，使科学学理论研究、应用研究、方法研究相互交融、相互支撑。否则大量的科学学应用研究因为缺少了理论与方法的支撑犹如空中楼阁，从而限制了研究成果质量的提高。     

吸收马氏链在供应链优化判断中的应用

本文构建了具有一般意义的企业供应链系统及各环节对利润贡献的算法，首次运用吸收马链吸收概率的计算原理，通过对该系统各链点遍历状态和不返回状态的转换计算，对企业供应链的优化判断提供了新的数理依据，同时进行了实证分析。     

Modelling and knowledge transfer in complexity science

I analyse the construction and transfer of models in complexity science. Thereby, I introduce a distinction between (i) vertical model construction, which is based on knowledge about a specific target system, (ii) horizontal model construction, which is based on the alteration of an existing model and therefore does not require any references to a specific target system; and (iii) the transfer of models, which consists of the assignment of an existing model to a new target system. I argue that, in complexity science, all three of those modelling activities take place. Furthermore, I show that these activities can be divided into two general categories: (i) the creation of a repository of models without specific target systems, which have been created by large-scale horizontal construction; and (ii) the transfer of these models to particular target systems in the natural sciences, which can also be followed by an extension of the transferred model through vertical construction of adaptions and additions to its dynamics. I then argue that this interplay of different modelling activities in complexity science provides a mechanism for the transfer of knowledge between different scientific fields. It is also crucial to the interdisciplinary nature of complexity science.     

基于多特征的域间路由节点安全状态评估方法

域间路由节点安全状态评估能够实现对BGP节点安全状态的直观、实时描述,可为制定合理的安全策略,及时定位、抑制异常路由事件提供数据参考.然而由于完整的异常域间路由集难以获取,使得传统基于数据融合的状态评估方法不再适用.分析BGP节点间交互路由过程中存在的统计特征以及这些特征与域间路由节点安全状态的关系,进而提出一种基于多特征的安全状态评估方法.以平均路径长度和路由事件发生频率等属性为安全特征,并借鉴云模型理论转换定量特征为定性概念的思想,构建域间路由安全特征云,将正常态下的多属性综合安全特征转换为安全正常态,然后通过度量安全特征偏离正常态的程度来计算节点偏离正常态的程度,由此得到域间路由节点面临安全威胁的概率.实验结果表明,该方法能够实现对域间路由节点安全状态的评估,准确性高、实时性强,可为域间路由系统的安全稳定运行提供有力支撑.     

互耦条件下双基地MIMO雷达的收发角度估计

阵元互耦的存在会使双基地MIMO雷达多目标定位算法的性能恶化．利用发射和接收互耦矩阵的带状、对称Toeplitz性质,提出了一种基于ESPRIT的双基地MIMO雷达收发角度算法,并针对现有参数配对算法中存在参量兼并的问题,给出了一种改进的自动配对算法．仿真结果表明：在存有相同发射角／接收角时,本文算法仍能有效实现多目标定位,无需进行谱峰搜索和额外的目标配对;本文算法对互耦系数自由度和扰动误差的稳健性优于MUSIC-like算法,并且具有更高的估计精度．此外,还推导了确定信号模型下收发角和互耦系数的CRB（Cramer—Raobound）．     

IIC总线控制器IP核设计

本文详述了一种基于AMBA总线接口的IIC总线控制器IP核设计，给出了该IP核的系统结构以及各个子模块的详细设计方法，并对该IP核进行了功能仿真、FPGA原型验证，可测性设计以及综合。最后给出了采用Fujitsu提供的CE66工艺库的综合结果以及性能参数。     

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.     

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.     

燃料电池气、水、热平衡分析及综合管理系统设计

建立了质子交换膜燃料电池系统的气、水和热平衡计算模型,总结了电堆气、水和热管理相关物理量的计算方法;以60kW电堆为例计算分析,认为气、水、热管理三者有着密切的联系,应建立综合管理的概念;设计了气、水、热综合管理系统,该系统充分回收利用了电堆的尾气、电化学反应生成的水和电堆产生的热量。     

ABC:一种全生命周期软件体系结构建模方法

随着计算机硬件能力的快速增长和软件应用规模的不断扩大,软件的复杂性也在持续增长,并始终制约着软件开发效率和质量的有效提升.软件的结构复杂性,尤其是高层结构的复杂性,是软件复杂性的一种重要表现.如何实现对软件高层结构复杂性的有效控制,是当前开放、动态、难控的网络环境下大规模软件系统开发与演化所面临的主要问题.针对这个问题,我们将设计阶段高层结构复杂性的控制模型―软件体系结构模型―扩展到整个软件生命周期,提出了一种以体系结构为中心的软件开发方法―ABC.该方法将软件生命周期各阶段的核心制品与活动,统一到软件体系结构模型及对其连续迭代的细化、映射和转换,实现对软件高层结构复杂性的一致、灵活、系统化的建模和管理.本文旨在系统性地总结ABC方法在软件体系结构建模方面的成果,并重点介绍近几年在协同式特征建模、运行时体系结构生成、体系结构逆向恢复与建模等方面取得的新进展.