B对冷轧IF钢板疲劳性能的影响

对比研究了Ｂ对Ｔｉ添加和Ｔｉ,Ｎｂ复合添加的冷轧ＩＦ钢板的显微组织和疲劳性能的影响·研究结果表明 ,Ｂ可以细化这两种ＩＦ钢的退火组织 ,改善晶界结合强度 ,提高疲劳强度·疲劳断口分析结果表明 ,ＩＦ钢表现为沿晶断裂特征 ,Ｂ可使ＩＦ钢断裂特征得以改善 ,由沿晶断裂转变成穿晶断裂·B对冷轧IF钢板疲劳性能的影响@刘常升 @才庆魁 @金成柱     

微量硼对高纯铁硫合金沿晶断裂和硫沿晶偏析的影响

利用俄歇能谱微区分析、低温拉伸试验和ＳＥＭ断口观察,研究了微量硼在高纯铁－６×１０－５(质量分数)硫合金中的沿晶偏析及其对硫沿晶偏析和硫偏析引起的低温沿晶断裂的影响·结果表明,硼能强烈地沿铁晶界偏析,显著降低硫的沿晶偏析倾向,抑制低温沿晶断裂·文中还讨论了硼影响的机理·     

焊接对热轧H型钢高应变低周疲劳行为的影响

对热轧H型钢热轧和焊接后的高应变低周疲劳循环应力响应曲线、循环应力应变关系和应变寿命关系进行了分析,通过Coffin-Manson公式得到疲劳寿命计算公式,计算出Nf=100周时的循环韧度值σa·Δεt。结果表明,H型钢焊接试样的循环韧度比热轧试样的循环韧度降低38%。热轧试样表现出明显的循环稳定特性,焊接试样表现出循环软化直接断裂的应力响应特征。焊接试样的断口扫描电镜观察发现,疲劳裂纹在焊接接头的粗晶区表面处萌生,断口瞬断区具有明显的韧窝特征,表明材料焊接后保持较高的韧性。     

B对Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be块状非晶合金热稳定性的影响

利用X射线衍射(XRD)及差热分析(DSC)等方法研究了添加B对Zr Ti Cu Ni Be块状非晶合金的形成、结晶及热稳定性的影响·结果表明:在Zr Ti Cu Ni Be合金系中添加B可明显改变该合金的玻璃转变温度Tg,一次结晶温度Tx及过冷液相区ΔT等参数·当y(B)≤3%时,B的添加可使合金保持块状非晶,提高Tg、Tx并扩大过冷液相区,使非晶热稳定性增加;当y(B)≥6%时,B的添加将诱导大量的粗大Zr2Cu及ZrB2等晶体的析出·由于它们非纳米晶,尺寸较大,形状不规整,不能作为非晶复合材料的增强体·     

Ni9铸钢沿晶断裂的研究

观察了Ｎｉ９铸钢的断口形貌，分析研究了沿晶断裂的形成原因，考察了稀土元素对沿晶断裂倾向的影响．结果表明Ｎｉ９铸钢中沿晶断裂的形成主要与杂质元素Ｈ、Ｐ在晶界偏聚有关．添加稀土后，钢的沿晶断裂倾向明显降低，脆性沿晶断裂消失．     

不等厚DP600与IF钢激光拼焊工艺和接头组织性能

针对DP600双相钢与无间隙原子钢(IF钢)的激光拼焊工艺,实验研究了不同工艺参数对焊缝形貌与尺寸的影响,测试分析了接头微观组织以及焊缝区各类组织、接头的显微硬度和拉伸性能.结果表明:较高激光功率与较低焊接速度组合易造成焊缝表面出现波动;激光功率和焊接速度对束腰形和漏斗形焊缝的宽度有不同影响趋势;焊缝组织由大部分多形态的铁素体和小部分多形态的贝氏体组成,焊缝硬度介于DP600钢侧热影响区和IF钢侧热影响区之间;接头拉伸试样均断裂在IF钢母材,接头的抗拉强度和断后延伸率约为IF钢母材的85%和61%.     

TC17合金电子束焊接接头高周疲劳失效行为研究

电子束焊接构件广泛应用于航空发动机关键部位,其需要满足长寿命与高可靠性的设计要求.针对TC17合金电子束焊接接头,采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法,获得焊接接头的高周疲劳性能,同时利用电子扫描电镜对疲劳断口进行微观观察,探明焊接接头的高周疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展机理.结果表明,TC17合金电子束焊接接头在10~7周次的疲劳强度为450 MPa,约为母材强度的81%,试样失效位置均位于焊缝区;试样表面最大应力与内部气孔缺陷处应力集中形成竞争机制,在10~5～10~7周次内,裂纹萌生于内部气孔,在10~7周次后,裂纹萌生于试件表面;试样断口显示出明显的穿晶断裂区和沿晶断裂区,疲劳寿命随沿晶断裂区的应力强度因子下降而增加;气孔面积及真实应力为影响疲劳寿命的主要因素,气孔处应力强度因子与疲劳寿命呈线性下降关系.     

稀土对CuP耐大气腐蚀钢韧性的影响

用系列冲击试验,AES和SEM分析研究了CuP耐大气腐蚀钢中P的偏聚行为,钢中添加稀土后断口形貌的变化及对钢韧性的影响。结果表明,钢中加入稀土,可净化晶界,断口形貌由沿晶断裂向穿晶断裂过渡,提高韧性。CuP钢中确有P沿晶界偏聚。添加稀土后,晶界P偏聚减少,是钢韧性提高的重要原因,但P的偏聚尚未完全消失。     

厚规格汽车桥壳用钢的焊接性能

采用金相观察、透射电镜分析和焊接热模拟技术,研究了含Ｎｂ,ＮｂＴｉ,ＮｂＴｉＢ的微合金控轧控冷钢的焊接性能、热影响区组织及冷裂纹敏感性,讨论了微合金元素对焊接性能的影响·试验结果表明,厚规格汽车桥壳钢的热影响区没有出现马氏体组织,微合金元素Ｎｂ,Ｔｉ,Ｂ的加入提高了热影响区性能·在ｔｍ＝１３００℃,τ８／５＝３０ｓ时的焊接热模拟组织与实际焊接组织相一致·试钢在冷裂试验中并没有冷裂纹产生,可得出结论:厚规格桥壳钢的焊接性能较好·     

钛铁合金所含杂质对 Ti-IF 钢洁净度的影响

通过氧氮分析、SEM和EDS对Ti‐IF钢冶炼过程不同阶段钢液及铸坯进行分析,研究钛铁合金所含杂质对Ti‐IF钢洁净度的影响。结果表明,Ti‐IF钢冶炼过程添加FeTi70时,RH出站处钢液中的平均氮含量较添加FeT i30时增加值为8．86×10－6,铸坯平均氮含量较添加FeT i30时增加值为10．83×10－6,这是由于所用FeTi70合金中T（O）、N含量较高,这些在RH冶炼过程中较难去除的 O、N元素形成尺寸不同的含氧夹杂,其结果降低了T i‐IF钢洁净度。     

Enhanced fatigue property by fabricating a gradient nanostructured surface layer in a reduced-activation steel

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels have been selected as candidate structural materials for future advanced nuclear power systems. In the present work, the influence of a gradient nanograined surface layer on the fatigue properties of RAFM steels was studied. A gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface layer with a thickness of ～85 ?μm was prepared on RAFM steel utilizing surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT). The mean grain size was approximate 43 ?nm at the topmost surface and increased gradually with depth. The results of the stress-controlled tension-compression fatigue experiments showed that the fatigue life enhanced approximately 6 times in the SMRT samples compared to the corresponding base metal counterparts. The relationship between the applied stress amplitude and the fatigue lifetime, and the fracture morphology showed that the surface strengthening and strain delocalization were caused by GNS, which suppressed surface crack initiation process, and hence the fatigue properties of RAFM steels improved. In addition, the deformation compatibility in GNS and coarse-grained boundaries leading to more dislocation interactions and accumulation during the cyclic process, also plays a crucial role in enhancing the fatigue properties of RAFM steel.     

X100管线钢焊接热影响区组织与韧性研究

采用热模拟试验技术,研究了X100管线钢焊接热影响区的组织与性能变化规律,结果表明:采用高Nb、微Ti设计的低碳X100管线钢的焊接粗晶区经焊接热循环后仍保持良好的韧性。焊接热影响区的脆化区出现在峰值温度为750℃的两相区。沿原奥氏体晶界形成的岛状组织是导致韧性降低的主要原因。     

Environmental embrittlement of intermetallics

The effect of alloying elements on the environmental embrittlement of L12 type intermetallics is sum marized. The results show that the ductilizing effect of boron doping in Ni3A1 is mainly to suppress the moisture-induced environmental embrittlement. The mechanism of this suppression effect is proved to lie in the fact that it severely reduces the hydrogen diffusivity along the grain boundaries. However, the boron doping in Co3Ti alloys does not have the same effect of suppressing the environmental embrittlement. The different behavior of boron doping in Ni3A1 and Co3Ti may be attributed to its different segregation behavior on the grain boundaries. Boron in Co3Ti does not segregate on the grain boundaries and cannot effectively reduce the hydrogen diffusivity along the grain boundaries. The moisture-induced envi ronmental embrittlement of Co3Ti alloy can be completely suppressed by the addition of Fe. As proved by Auger, this suppression effect is due to its obvious reduction of the surface kinetic reaction with water vapor.     

Ultrahigh cycle fatigue fracture mechanism of high-quality bearing steel obtained through different deoxidation methods

The mechanism of oxide inclusions in fatigue crack initiation in the very-high cycle fatigue(VHCF)regime was clarified by subjecting bearing steels deoxidized by Al(Al-deoxidized steel)and Si(Si-deoxidized steel)to ultrasonic tension-compression fatigue tests(stress ratio,R=−1)and analyzing the characteristics of the detected inclusions.Results show that the main types of inclusions in Si-and Al-deoxidized steels are silicate and calcium aluminate,respectively.The content of calcium aluminate inclusions larger than 15μm in Si-deoxidized steel is lower than that in Al-deoxidized steel,and the difference observed may be attributed to different inclusion generation processes during melting.Despite differences in their cleanliness and total oxygen contents,the Si-and Al-deoxidized steels show similar VHCF lives.The factors causing fatigue failure in these steels reveal distinct differences.Calcium aluminate inclusions are responsible for the cracks in Al-deoxidized steel.By comparison,most fatigue cracks in Si-deoxidized steel are triggered by the inhomogeneity of a steel matrix,which indicates that the damage mechanisms of the steel matrix can be a critical issue for this type of steel.A minor portion of the cracks in Si-deoxidized steel could be attributed to different types of inclusions.The mechanisms of fatigue fracture caused by calcium aluminate and silicate inclusions were further analyzed.Calcium aluminate inclusions first separate from the steel matrix and then trigger crack generation.Silicate inclusions and the steel matrix are closely combined in a fatigue process;thus,these inclusions have mild effects on the fatigue life of bearing steels.Si/Mn deoxidation is an effective method to produce high-quality bearing steel with a long fatigue life and good liquid steel fluidity.     

某型飞机5A02铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能研究

本文研究了某型飞机所使用的5A02铝合金焊接头的疲劳性能。试验研究了该材料的原始焊接接头与一次补焊接头的疲劳性能,通过疲劳试验及疲劳断口形貌分析等手段对焊接接头疲劳性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,补焊会造成焊缝附近区域材料晶粒粗大,并且补焊后,焊接接头的中值疲劳强度下降。     

汽车镀锌板点焊规范研究

为提高镀锌钢板点焊接头的质量,文章对厚度不同的普通冷轧钢板和镀锌钢板进行了一组点焊工艺及接点强度试验,并对试验结果进行了计算机回归分析,分别得出了几种材料在不同的焊接电流、焊接时间下的点焊熔核直径或接头拉剪强度变化曲线以及点焊飞溅临界曲线。根据对上述试验结果的分析,提出了锌镀钢板点焊时焊接电流、焊接时间和电极压力等参数的选用原则,并对几种镀锌钢板给出了相应的点焊规范范围。     

镀锌钢板点焊的工艺性能

为提高镀锌钢板点焊接头的质量,对普通冷轧钢板、电镀锌钢板和两种镀锌层厚度不同的热镀锌钢板进行了一组点焊工艺及接点强度试验,并对试验结果进行了计算机回归分析,分别得出了这几种材料在不同的焊接电流、焊接时间下的点焊熔核直径或接头拉剪强度变化曲线以及点焊飞溅临界曲线．根据对上述试验结果的分析和比较,提出了锌镀钢板点焊时焊接电流、焊接时间和电极压力等参数的选用原则,并对几种镀锌钢板给出了相应的点焊规范范围．     

微量硼对微量硫引起的纯铁高温脆性断裂的影响

硫引起的高温脆性断裂是制约钢铁材料生产和使用的核心问题之一,针对此问题,利用高温拉伸试验和SEM断口观察研究了微量硼对含微量硫(质量分数为0.006%)的纯铁高温塑性及断裂方式的影响,在利用扫描俄歇电子谱仪对界面偏析定量分析的基础上,讨论了微量硼影响的原因.结果表明,微量硼的添加能明显提高含微量硫的纯铁的高温塑性,抑制硫界面偏析造成的高温脆性断裂.微量硼的这种影响是由于硼沿界面偏析,显著降低硫的界面偏析倾向,抑制硫界面偏析引起的高温沿晶孔洞形成.     

振动焊接对焊缝力学性能影响

采用试件和结构件进行了大量的对比试验,分析研究了振动焊接对构件焊缝区残余应力、断裂韧性、疲劳寿命等力学性能的影响。结果表明,振动焊接可以降低焊缝表面的残余应力,改善焊缝区的微观组织,提高焊缝处的断裂韧性,提高试件和结构件焊缝的疲劳寿命。