受驱双势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的动力学行为

研究了受驱双势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的动力学行为.受驱外力为一单色正弦波,随着驱动强度、频率的不同,受驱双势阱中经典粒子的运动可以是周期的也可以是混沌的,还可以两者共存.描述凝聚体的方程采用Gross-Pitaevskii方程,首先利用单个阱凝聚波函数展开,推导出了受驱双势阱GP方程的经典方程,研究了其相空间的动力学行为和自俘获现象的产生.     

原子-分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统中Q函数和量子动力学研究

利用数值对角化方法和相空间中准几率分布函数Q函数,研究了原子-分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体系统当初态处于福克态和相干态时的时间演化行为.在此基础上,通过不同时刻原子和分子准几率分布的比较,分析了在上述2种不同性质的初态下,非线性相互作用对原子-分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体系统布居数以及量子涨落的影响.     

Floquet相空间方法分析周期驱动下原子玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体动力学

用相空间动力学方法研究一维无限深势阱内的原子玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体受到时域周期性微扰时的动力学行为.通过功角变换和共振频率近似，在Floquet相空间中构造有效的势场来预言玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体的运动，并通过数值模拟实空间动力学方程，验证了该方法.     

玻色-哈伯德模型的亚稳态及其经典-量子相变

玻色-哈伯德模型是建立在硬壳相互作用基础上的模型,被广泛应用在强关联的玻色系统中,非常适合用来研究囚禁在势阱中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体本征态和动力学性质,是一个很重要的模型。文章利用等效势的方法发现了玻色-哈伯德模型的一个重要的亚稳态,并且研究了该亚稳态的经典-量子相变的阶和临界的温度。     

二维囚禁广义玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

应用广义玻色-爱因斯坦分布函数研究在幂函数外势中二维广义玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC),导出二维广义玻色气体的临界温度、基态粒子占据率和热容量等物理量的解析表达式,讨论了非广延参数q对玻色系统热统计性质的影响.     

在周期边界条件下的类Casimir力

研究了在绝对零度下2个平行板之间周期边界条件下均匀稀释玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中的类Casimir力,得到Bogoliubov色散关系的高阶修正项.计算中没有引入任何截断函数,获得了有限的结果.该结果有助于进一步了解玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体的物理机制,并且对Casimir效应和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验研究具有一定的参考价值.     

87Rb原子气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的产生和测量

报道了针对⁸⁷Rb原子气体设计的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体研究实验平台, 采用双磁光阱结构和QUIC磁势阱蒸发冷却的方法获得玻色凝聚体. 用吸收成像法分别对自由飞行和紧束缚状态下的玻色凝聚体进行了特性测量. 测量结果符合玻色凝聚体产生的判据, 证实了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的相变过程, 获得了2×10⁵个原子的纯凝聚体.     

87Rb原子气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的产生和测量

报道了针对⁸⁷Rb原子气体设计的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体研究实验平台, 采用双磁光阱结构和QUIC磁势阱蒸发冷却的方法获得玻色凝聚体. 用吸收成像法分别对自由飞行和紧束缚状态下的玻色凝聚体进行了特性测量. 测量结果符合玻色凝聚体产生的判据, 证实了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的相变过程, 获得了2×10⁵个原子的纯凝聚体.     

基于标度理论求解两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚集体激发模

文章基于标度理论研究了两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的集体激发模。首先从耦合流体力学方程组出发,对两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的粒子数密度和速度场分别采用相应的标度假设,为了满足在不同分量相互作用下的标度假设,需在全空间做平均,最后得到柱对称下两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚集体激发模的色散关系。     

玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚与光子气体

本文一般地讨论了理想玻色气体的空间维度和能谱对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的影响,并用玻色爱因斯坦凝聚解释了光子气体的特殊性质,有助于较深刻地理解光子气体的物理内容。     

Collapse and revival of the matter wave field of a Bose-Einstein condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate represents the most 'classical' form of a matter wave, just as an optical laser emits the most classical form of an electromagnetic wave. Nevertheless, the matter wave field has a quantized structure owing to the granularity of the discrete underlying atoms. Although such a field is usually assumed to be intrinsically stable (apart from incoherent loss processes), this is no longer true when the condensate is in a coherent superposition of different atom number states. For example, in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a three-dimensional optical lattice, each potential well can be prepared in a coherent superposition of different atom number states, with constant relative phases between neighbouring lattice sites. It is then natural to ask how the individual matter wave fields and their relative phases evolve. Here we use such a set-up to investigate these questions experimentally, observing that the matter wave field of the Bose-Einstein condensate undergoes a periodic series of collapses and revivals; this behaviour is directly demonstrated in the dynamical evolution of the multiple matter wave interference pattern. We attribute the oscillations to the quantized structure of the matter wave field and the collisions between individual atoms.     

(2+1)-维强排斥玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的解析解

运用经典李群方法,以"硬核"玻色子为模型,研究了原子间为强排斥作用的(2+1)维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的物质波.在特殊情况下,得到了物质波的一些解析解,包括暗孤子解、亮孤子解及周期解.分析了此强关联体系的物理参量,包括最近邻格点间的跃迁强度、最近邻格点间原子的相互作用,对物质波的波速及振幅的影响.     

人工自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的元激发

文章研究了准一维人工自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的元激发. 利用平均场理论和波戈留波夫近似方法,分别计算了此原子凝聚体在依赖于拉曼耦合强度的零动量相和平面波相的激发谱. 结果表明,在零动量相时体系激发谱的2个分支都呈现出对称结构;相反地,在较小拉曼耦合强度时的平面波相,激发谱呈现出旋子最低结构,从而预示了体系从平面波相到条纹相的相变. 文中证明了在平面波相和零动量相的相变附近,低频元激发的声速急剧下降并消失于相变点. 文章全面分析了人工自旋轨道耦合原子凝聚体的元激发特性,为实验研究该类崭新的多体系统提供理论支持.     

Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array

The effect of quantum statistics in quantum gases and liquids results in observable collective properties among many-particle systems. One prime example is Bose-Einstein condensation, whose onset in a quantum liquid leads to phenomena such as superfluidity and superconductivity. A Bose-Einstein condensate is generally defined as a macroscopic occupation of a single-particle quantum state, a phenomenon technically referred to as off-diagonal long-range order due to non-vanishing off-diagonal components of the single-particle density matrix. The wavefunction of the condensate is an order parameter whose phase is essential in characterizing the coherence and superfluid phenomena. The long-range spatial coherence leads to the existence of phase-locked multiple condensates in an array of superfluid helium, superconducting Josephson junctions or atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Under certain circumstances, a quantum phase difference of pi is predicted to develop among weakly coupled Josephson junctions. Such a meta-stable pi-state was discovered in a weak link of superfluid 3He, which is characterized by a 'p-wave' order parameter. The possible existence of such a pi-state in weakly coupled atomic Bose-Einstein condensates has also been proposed, but remains undiscovered. Here we report the observation of spontaneous build-up of in-phase ('zero-state') and antiphase ('pi-state') 'superfluid' states in a solid-state system; an array of exciton-polariton condensates connected by weak periodic potential barriers within a semiconductor microcavity. These in-phase and antiphase states reflect the band structure of the one-dimensional polariton array and the dynamic characteristics of metastable exciton-polariton condensates.     

Spontaneous coherence in a cold exciton gas

If bosonic particles are cooled down below the temperature of quantum degeneracy, they can spontaneously form a coherent state in which individual matter waves synchronize and combine. Spontaneous coherence of matter waves forms the basis of a number of fundamental phenomena in physics, including superconductivity, superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation. Spontaneous coherence is the key characteristic of condensation in momentum space. Excitons--bound pairs of electrons and holes--form a model system to explore the quantum physics of cold bosons in solids. Cold exciton gases can be realized in a system of indirect excitons, which can cool down below the temperature of quantum degeneracy owing to their long lifetimes. Here we report measurements of spontaneous coherence in a gas of indirect excitons. We found that spontaneous coherence of excitons emerges in the region of the macroscopically ordered exciton state and in the region of vortices of linear polarization. The coherence length in these regions is much larger than in a classical gas, indicating a coherent state with a much narrower than classical exciton distribution in momentum space, characteristic of a condensate. A pattern of extended spontaneous coherence is correlated with a pattern of spontaneous polarization, revealing the properties of a multicomponent coherent state. We also observed phase singularities in the coherent exciton gas. All these phenomena emerge when the exciton gas is cooled below a few kelvin.     

Strong dipolar effects in a quantum ferrofluid

Symmetry-breaking interactions have a crucial role in many areas of physics, ranging from classical ferrofluids to superfluid (3)He and d-wave superconductivity. For superfluid quantum gases, a variety of new physical phenomena arising from the symmetry-breaking interaction between electric or magnetic dipoles are expected. Novel quantum phases in optical lattices, such as chequerboard or supersolid phases, are predicted for dipolar bosons. Dipolar interactions can also enrich considerably the physics of quantum gases with internal degrees of freedom. Arrays of dipolar particles could be used for efficient quantum information processing. Here we report the realization of a chromium Bose-Einstein condensate with strong dipolar interactions. By using a Feshbach resonance, we reduce the usual isotropic contact interaction, such that the anisotropic magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between 52Cr atoms becomes comparable in strength. This induces a change of the aspect ratio of the atom cloud; for strong dipolar interactions, the inversion of ellipticity during expansion (the usual 'smoking gun' evidence for a Bose-Einstein condensate) can be suppressed. These effects are accounted for by taking into account the dipolar interaction in the superfluid hydrodynamic equations governing the dynamics of the gas, in the same way as classical ferrofluids can be described by including dipolar terms in the classical hydrodynamic equations. Our results are a first step in the exploration of the unique properties of quantum ferrofluids.     

Coherent control of optical information with matter wave dynamics

In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in manipulating matter with light, and light with matter. Resonant laser fields interacting with cold, dense atom clouds provide a particularly rich system. Such light fields interact strongly with the internal electrons of the atoms, and couple directly to external atomic motion through recoil momenta imparted when photons are absorbed and emitted. Ultraslow light propagation in Bose-Einstein condensates represents an extreme example of resonant light manipulation using cold atoms. Here we demonstrate that a slow light pulse can be stopped and stored in one Bose-Einstein condensate and subsequently revived from a totally different condensate, 160 mum away; information is transferred through conversion of the optical pulse into a travelling matter wave. In the presence of an optical coupling field, a probe laser pulse is first injected into one of the condensates where it is spatially compressed to a length much shorter than the coherent extent of the condensate. The coupling field is then turned off, leaving the atoms in the first condensate in quantum superposition states that comprise a stationary component and a recoiling component in a different internal state. The amplitude and phase of the spatially localized light pulse are imprinted on the recoiling part of the wavefunction, which moves towards the second condensate. When this 'messenger' atom pulse is embedded in the second condensate, the system is re-illuminated with the coupling laser. The probe light is driven back on and the messenger pulse is coherently added to the matter field of the second condensate by way of slow-light-mediated atomic matter-wave amplification. The revived light pulse records the relative amplitude and phase between the recoiling atomic imprint and the revival condensate. Our results provide a dramatic demonstration of coherent optical information processing with matter wave dynamics. Such quantum control may find application in quantum information processing and wavefunction sculpting.     

玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚在一维周期量子阱中的有效质量研究

当玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体处于一维周期量子阱中的时候,我们可以得到定态GP方程的一组精确解,利用这组精确解我们对玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体在一维周期量子阱中的有效质量进行了研究,经过研究发现原子间的非线性相互作用使得有效质量增大。     

Dynamic structure factor of a Bose-Hubbard gas

The dynamic structure factor of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice, momentum and energy rates imparted to the condensate are analyzed in detail as the function of both the lattice depth and the strength of the two-body interaction. Our investigation shows that the lattice depth strongly affects the dynamic structure factor. An oscillating behavior of both the static structure factor and excitation strength as a function of the momentum transfer has been developed. We also show how interatomic interaction affects these processes and discuss the conditions for possible experimental realization.