塑性变形造成的预应力对汽机转子热应力的影响

从理论和计算两方面讨论了汽轮机启动过程中的残留塑性变形对下次启动过程中应力场的影响，发现根据流雨法计算，其对转子寿命损耗的影响不大．同时，可以通过减小停机时的温降率，控制残余应变，使转子在启动时刻的最大热应力减小．     

基于有限元方法的锅炉汽包应力在线监测程序的研究

为了监测汽包下降管接头处的应力，利用当量管接头模型，将汽包下降管接头的三维结构简化为二维结构，用有限元方法编制了汽包应力分布的在线监测程序，并在电站仿真机中进行了应用．针对电站仿真机与实际参比机组在系统及显示参数方面相一致的特点，利用仿真机的运行参数对汽包在锅炉热态启动过程中应力随时间的变化和应力分布进行了仿真研究．结果表明，该程序可以实现汽包应力在线监测的功能，并能满足工程需要．为了减小汽包寿命的损耗，建议在锅炉启动过程中合理地投入燃料量，以控制汽包的升温速度，尽可能减小汽包的热应力；在运行中应尽可能维持压力的稳定，以减小汽包机械应力的变化．     

均匀化分析扫描路径对熔射皮膜热应力的影响

基于均匀化方法，建立了宏细观连成热应力场计算数学模型，用有限元法计算模拟了等离子熔射快速成膜过程皮膜热应力场，对四种不同喷枪扫描路径下熔射成形皮膜冷却过程热应力场进行了分析。结果表明：采用回形向外扫描模式，皮膜中的等效热应力峰值最小；线性扫描情况下长折线处的应力比短折线处的应力高。在实际喷枪扫描路径的设计和选择中，应尽可能地选择回形向外的扫描模式，同时使组成扫描折线的线段应尽量取短些，以利于降低涂层中的峰值应力。     

热应力对金属棒料内部损伤的机理研究

针对棒料热应力变频振动的下料方法,建立了带V型槽棒料在分段强制冷却过程中的热力耦合模型,利用ANSYS有限元软件,获得了棒料在强制循环水冷却过程中内部应力场的分布.数值模拟结果表明,棒料内部最大拉应力点位于V型槽尖端正下方0.34 mm附近,该处的轴向拉应力已超过材料的强度极限,在V型槽所在棒料断面上靠近尖端点处产生一条环形损伤带,在水流速度下,该损伤带随着绝热边界宽度的增加先增大后减小,存在一个大约2 mm宽的最佳绝热边界,可使损伤的程度达到最大.在等绝热边界宽度下,损伤带随着水流速度的增加逐渐地增大,当水流速度大于5 m/s时,对棒料的内部损伤较小.实验结果表明,有热应力作用比无热应力作用的棒料下料时间减少了15%以上,从而验证了热应力损伤对棒料下料作用的有效性.     

火灾作用下钢结构外伸式端板连接节点的热应力

为了研究钢结构在火灾中形成的热应力对节点受力性能的影响,以及热应力与总应力的比重关系,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对外伸式端板连接节点有限元模型进行温度场和热-力耦合模拟,得出热应力变形图和热-力耦合Mises应力云图,分析得出火灾中热应力占总应力的比重,以及火灾中钢节点跨中挠度的变化关系。结果表明:火灾作用下外伸式端板钢节点处热应力占总应力比重高达0.92以上,极大地削弱了结构在高温下的受力性能,此时钢节点破坏主因是热应力过大。火灾中框架的跨中挠度急剧增大,且在火灾持续到80 min时由于挠度过大而失效;常温模拟中钢梁却未发生失效,说明高温对钢结构受力极为不利。     

配电网无功集中补偿最佳配置

最佳就地分散利、偿配置原则是以年补偿纯收益（指年节电费用减去设置补偿装置所需费用）最大为最佳方案的目标函数［１］，但此目标函数确定的最佳方案并不一定能使配电网出口功率因数提高到给定水平．本文是对提高配网功率因数达到给定水平为前提来分配无功补偿容量，使配电网总损耗为最小．显然采用本文方法确定补偿容量及其配量方案并不能达到年补偿纯收益为最大的目标．     

阳极支撑平板SOFC单电池热应力数学模型分析

运用固体力学中的板壳理论分析了阳极支撑型平板SOFC单电池中各层的热应力状态，在各类边界条件下得到了相应的热应力分析，认为在通常的边界条件即连接板协同膨胀情况下单电池受拉应力。防止拉应力导致单电池破裂的主要措施是尽量减少连接板的热膨胀系数α0，使（α0-αi）更小。自由边界没有热应力，但有最大的热变形，因此生胚烧结成形时必须加外力压紧。     

电站锅炉汽包热应力的产生及预控措施

汽包是锅炉的重要组件,在使用中如果操作或管理不当会使其上下壁、内外壁产生过大的温差和热应力。其机械应力和热应力的总应力在局部区域的峰值可能接近或超过汽包材料的屈服强度,汽包壁容易形成裂纹,扩展到一定程度时汽包将被破坏,产生严重的爆破和重大的安全生产事故。     

等离子熔射成形熔滴薄片沉积的模拟研究

采用等离子熔射成形技术制造的模具和零件,其涂层的性能受残余热应力的影响极大。为此建立了一个二维有限元模型,用于研究单个不锈钢熔滴薄片在碳钢基体上沉积时的温度场及残余热应力。结果显示,尽管在初始的凝固阶段薄片边缘的温度高于薄片中心的温度,但随后这两个位置的温度差却发生逆转。最大残余应力位于薄片与基体界面的边缘,且其大小随基体温度升高而减小,最小残余热应力则位于薄片上表面的边缘。残余热应力在薄片中表现为拉应力,而在基体中则表现为压应力。本研究可为在微观水平上理解等离子熔射成形的温度场和残余热应力分布提供基础。     

等离子熔射成形熔滴薄片沉积的模拟研究

采用等离子熔射成形技术制造的模具和零件,其涂层的性能受残余热应力的影响极大。为此建立了一个二维有限元模型,用于研究单个不锈钢熔滴薄片在碳钢基体上沉积时的温度场及残余热应力。结果显示,尽管在初始的凝固阶段薄片边缘的温度高于薄片中心的温度,但随后这两个位置的温度差却发生逆转。最大残余应力位于薄片与基体界面的边缘,且其大小随基体温度升高而减小,最小残余热应力则位于薄片上表面的边缘。残余热应力在薄片中表现为拉应力,而在基体中则表现为压应力。本研究可为在微观水平上理解等离子熔射成形的温度场和残余热应力分布提供基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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