广西红树林恢复历史、成效及经验教训

回顾了广西红树林人工造林历史,通过收集资料和调查评估了广西红树林人工造林成效。结果表明,1980年以前广西有红树林人工林274.7hm2,1980-2001年新增818.2hm2。2002-2015年的14年间,广西营造了3 984.5hm2的红树林,成林1 338.9hm2,保存率为33.6%,其中乡土红树林和外来无瓣海桑林分别贡献了73.86%和26.14%。与此同时,广西红树林天然林比例从2001年的86.95%迅速下降到2015年的66.82%,年均下降1.34%。在广西红树林总面积变化不大的情况下,天然林比例的快速下降,反映出15年间人工林逐渐替代天然林的现象严重。论文总结了广西红树林造林的经验教训,重新评估了宜林滩涂的潜力,将红树林恢复细分为自然恢复、人工修复和重建造林3大类。自然恢复、人工修复有利于改善红树林质量,重建造林则重在扩大红树林数量。最后,给出了中越边界困难滩涂乡土红树林重建的成功范例。     

红树林保护与修复标准发展现状及对策

回顾近20年来中国对红树林的保护以及通过人工造林进行恢复的情况, 梳理我国红树林保护与修复的相关标准, 厘清现行标准存在的问题, 提出如下相应的建议与对策。1) 应结合国家碳中和战略及红树林保护与恢复规划目标, 制定完善的红树林保护与生态修复技术标准体系规划, 加快相关国家标准的出台; 2) 在编制红树林保护与修复相关标准的同时, 应注重红树林固碳能力和增汇效应的提高; 3) 建议制定退塘还林相关标准, 填补国内空白; 4) 应充分落实“自然恢复为主、人工修复为辅”的生态修复原则, 重视并加强红树林保护与修复标准的技术细节制定; 5) 标准的制定和实施应由红树林研究专业机构及专家深度参与, 提高造林成活率。     

人工林伐区土滑道集材对土壤理化性质的影响

定量分析了皆伐作业土滑道集材对山地人工杉木林迹地土壤理化性质的影响,结果表明:土滑道集材后土壤密度增大,土壤结构和持水性能变差,土壤养分含量下降,且表层土壤(0～20cm)所受影响较底层土壤(20～40cm)大。为此从森林生态采运角度出发,提出了减少集材作业对林地土壤破坏的技术措施。     

秋茄红树林的造林技术及其生态学原理

应用生态学原理,结合实际造林工作经验,从生物学特性、生长发育规律、生态适应条件、林地选择、采种(胚轴)、栽种技术和种植规格等方面,首次系统地论述了秋茄(Kandelia candel)红树林造林中的一些关键的技术问题,提供我国海滩红树林的大规模营造工作参考。     

白骨壤对关键环境因子的生态响应研究进展

白骨壤（犃狏犻犮犲狀狀犻犪犿犪狉犻狀犪）是红树林生态系统的先锋植物.为适应低温、高盐、淹水、土壤缺氧和潮水冲击等诸多不良因子的影响,白骨壤已特化出一套适应机制：包括形态结构、水分、光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度、生物量和生长等.本文综述了白骨壤对低温、盐度、土壤、潮水浸淹、风浪作用等环境因子的生态响应,指出白骨壤作为先锋树种和乡土树种,对环境具有较强的耐受性和适应性并能有效保护生态安全,可作为红树林造林优先选择的树种,应深入研究其与各环境因子的生态响应机制,为红树林造林地选择及生态修复提供科学依据.     

不同地表覆盖方式对土壤水分、温度及幼苗生长的影响

采用温室盆栽实验与人工造林地表覆盖试验方法,研究不同覆盖材料下的土壤蒸发特性、土壤保墒能力及苗木生长状况。结果表明：在土表覆盖条件下土壤含水量较对照(CK)有不同程度提高;在水稻秸秆覆盖下冰脆李、栾树林地土壤含水量较对照(CK)分别增加13.86%和9.82%;在玉米秸秆覆盖条件下梓树林地土壤含水量较对照(CK)增加7.79%;土表覆盖措施对苗木根质量和叶面积影响显著而对苗高影响不显著。喀斯特地区人工造林采用地表覆盖措施可减轻高温对苗木的伤害及季节性干旱对幼林生长的影响,从而提高苗木生物量。因此,地表覆盖可作为喀斯特地区人工造林初期促进植被恢复的有效措施之一。     

桂林红壤侵蚀区植被恢复过程的土壤理化性质变化

在广西桂林兴安县红壤侵蚀区人工设置4种植被恢复模式(阔叶树区、药材区、果树区和毛竹杉木区),研究不同人工植被恢复模式下林地土壤的理化性质与变化趋势,并与桂林灵川县境内自然植被演替过程的草丛阶段、灌丛阶段、针阔混交林阶段和常绿阔叶林阶段的土壤理化特性进行对比分析。结果表明,4种人工植被恢复模式下的土壤容重明显降低,含水量明显增加,与自然演替4个阶段的土壤容重和含水量变化一致。植被恢复过程中人工恢复模式和外套自然演替的土壤pH值均趋向增加,有机质含量和氮素含量均呈现增加趋势,但是土壤钾素含量与磷素含量都偏低,需要通过施肥加以缓解。在红壤侵蚀区通过人工手段进行植被恢复,能够改良土壤,提高土壤保肥培肥功能,对加速侵蚀区植被恢复有意义。     

不同高程对藤壶附着红树幼林的影响

对厦门曾营人工红树林生态修复区的秋茄(Kandelia candel)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)植株上藤壶群落进行周年调查.结果表明:藤壶在红树植物秋茄和白骨壤植株上的分布具有一定的规律性.藤壶的数量随红树植株所处滩涂高程和树层的增高而锐减.藤壶的附着量变化与季节变化有相当密切的关系.秋茄和白骨壤受藤壶危害程度存在一定差异.本研究为红树林生态恢复时林地的滩涂高程选择,以避免藤壶危害提供科学依据.     

植被修复技术在矿区的应用研究进展

阐述了植被修复研究、植物修复技术在矿区的应用现状,提出植被修复技术在矿区生态恢复中的应用建议:矿区植被修复应综合采取工程手段以蓄水固沙(或固土),生物治理以增加土壤有机质、微生物及地表植被,农业措施以造林、种果和农作,从而改善矿场土壤结构和质地;再筛选耐性或抗性高的植物(先锋植物),在先锋植物生长的基础上建立次生植物群落(伴生植物、优势种群、亚优势种群),再造生态景观,使矿区逐步恢复为林地、果园和耕地.     

人工桤木林林地生态地球化学预警评价研究

依据生物地球化学循环理论构建了林业生态地球化学预警模型,并以成都经济区生态屏障体系建设中成功营建的主要人工桤木林为例,通过对林地土壤母岩、土壤、活植物体和枯落物中五种地球化学污染元素含量的测试分析,进行了生态地球化学预警模拟.模拟结果表明,人工桤木林对土壤污染元素As,Hg,Pb,A1,Cd的修复能力较强,尤其是对Cd元素的修复,仅需3年左右的时间可使受污土壤达到净化状态.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with