时间间隔分析法和延迟符合法测量低浓度220Rn的对比实验研究

讨论多时间间隔分析方法（又称TIA 方法）和延迟符合法同时测量10 Bq的220 Rn标准源,两者为相同实验平台,采用卢卡斯氡探测器（ FD_125）对220 Rn标准源进行流气式测量,改变软件实现两种不同数据处理方法。实验结果表明,多时间间隔分析法在测量低浓度220 Rn时更加准确。     

准半球型CdZnTe探测器能谱特性的影响因素

为解决CdZnTe(CZT)探测器空穴拖尾的问题,基于Shockley-Ramo原理,采用GEANT4和COMSOL有限元软件,模拟计算了准半球型CZT探测器对137Cs@662 ke V的能谱响应。模拟结果表明:(μτ)e范围为(1~10)×10-3cm2/V时适合采用准半球型探测器的结构设计;(μτ)h对能谱的影响较小;(μτ)e和(μτ)h相差较大时,能量分辨率较好,但是当(μτ)h增大时,拖尾现象开始逐渐显现;提高(μτ)e和探测器偏压均可改善能谱特性。根据模拟计算出的最优探测器参数制备了尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×5mm的准半球型CZT探测器,其对137Cs@662 ke V的能量分辨率为1.17%,峰康比为6.86。     

基于虚拟仪器的压延机在线测厚系统

提出了一种基于虚拟仪器平台的压延机在线测厚系统．采用基于线阵CCD的光学投影法实现薄片产品在线厚度测量．设计了基于C8051单片机的集成化传感器模块和二维坐标数据采集模块，对厚度值及其位置坐标进行记录．应用虚拟仪器开发平台LabVIEW构建基于PC机的数据采集和控制系统，PC机与各测量模块间通过USB和RS485串行总线进行通讯，通过PC机中的虚拟仪器界面实现对测厚系统的控制和数据分析．实验表明：该测量系统在10mm测量范围内的在线测量标准偏差为20μm，可以高效、准确地完成压延机产品的在线测量任务．     

基于虚拟仪器的电梯导轨多参数测量系统

提出了一种基于虚拟仪器平台的电梯导轨多参数测量系统，系统中采用基于位置敏感探测器(PSD)的激光准直测量技术，实现了对导轨弯曲、失调、接口处台阶等参数的测量：采用双电感传感器差动测量法实现了对两列导轨间距变化的测量；采用数字量接近传感器实现了对导轨接头及支架的位置的准确测量，在软件设计中．应用COM技术将LabVIEW与MATLAB相结合构成功能强大的虚拟仪器开发平台，实现了整个测量系统的集成化和自动化．现场试验证明，该测量系统可以高效、准确地完成对电梯导轨的多参数测量任务．导轨表面形状误差的测量标准偏差在70m的测量范围内为0．3mm。     

磁流变制动器性能分析试验台的研制

在车辆制动系统中制动器的优劣直接决定了制动系统的性能优劣.为了配合新型磁流变制动器的研制,研发了专用测量分析磁流变制动器性能的试验台.试验台整体分为测量模块和施加负载模块,其中测量模块是在虚拟软件LabVIEW平台上开发,它包括转速转矩传感器和数据采集卡以及虚拟仪器.最后,通过一系列试验证明该试验台能够完成对磁流变制动器的综合性能测试分析,验证了试验台设计的合理性和可行性.     

LabVIEW环境下示波器的数据采集系统

基于数字示波器和通用计算机,利用Lab VIEW软件,开发了一套核分析信号能谱测量系统。为了验证系统的可靠性,应用该系统测量了241Amα粒子的电荷积分能谱,并在相同条件下与多道采集卡的结果进行比较。实验结果表明:该系统与多道获得的241Am电荷积分能谱图基本一致;当信噪比高于7∶1时,系统能谱的非线性小于1%;当信号频率大于示波器采样率时,存在数据丢失但不影响能谱的特点。研究结果表明,在能谱信号频率不高的情况下,基于示波器的数据采集系统的能谱线性和稳定性很好,能满足测量要求。     

SegmentedHPGe平面型位置灵敏探测器阵列的γ成像分析

探测器位置分辨能力的高低是实现γ成像的一个重要指标．SegmentedHPGe平面型位置灵敏探测器能够很好地给出γ射线与探测器晶体相互作用的作用点位置信息．利用由这种探测器组成的探测器阵列对22Na标准源进行了γ成像实验．结果能够区分出标准源两个不同的摆放位置的细微差别,并与实际情况符合得很好．从而检验了SegmentedHPGe平面型位置灵敏探测器的位置分辨能力．     

三氟化硼Bonner多球谱仪的中子源能谱测量方法

为解决~3 He气体短缺且价格日益昂贵所造成的中子能谱测量装置灵敏元缺乏问题,研制了一套BF3正比计数管多球谱仪系统。基于蒙特卡罗方法对Bonner多球谱仪系统的细致结构进行建模,模拟计算得到了探测器能量响应灵敏度;在中国原子能科学研究院的高压倍加器上使用2.86MeV与14.84MeV能量的中子对谱仪系统的探测器能量响应灵敏度进行了标定,结合模拟结果确定了谱仪系统在实验条件下的能量响应灵敏度;使用此谱仪系统对241 Am-Be中子源能谱进行了测量,对多球谱仪测量结果使用自编Gravel算法进行逆卷积解谱,解谱所得能谱与~(241)Am-Be中子源标准能谱的对比结果表明,在总体不确定度小于21.46%的范围内二者符合良好,验证了整套多球系统具有较高的可靠性。该三氟化硼多球谱仪系统有望在加速器、反应堆及同位素中子源环境的中子能谱与剂量检测中得到更为广泛的应用。     

基于GPIB的数字电路自动测试系统研究

结合虚拟仪器技术、GPIB(General Purpose Interface Bus)技术设计了一种数字电路自动测试系统.测试系统由硬件和软件两部分组成.硬件包含主控计算机,GPIB转接卡,USB(Universal Serial Bus)集线器,USB数字量I/O模块,具有GPIB接口的测试仪器.主控计算机通过USB接口控制数字量I/O模块和GPIB接口的测试仪器,并处理测试数据、显示测试结果.测试系统软件基于LabVIEW平台,采用图形化编程的形式开发.软件由应用程序和数据库管理程序两部分组成,应用程序为"主模块+功能插件"的形式,数据库管理程序采用Microsoft Access软件.本文阐述了数字电路的通用测试流程,并描述了测试系统在测试矢量生成环节的实际工作过程.该系统已用于雷达接收机数字电路的自动测试,性能稳定.     

相对永久密封真空康普顿探测器伽马灵敏度研究

针对强流脉冲γ射线探测,研制了厚入射窗结构真空康普顿探测器,并在60Co辐照装置上,准直孔径为40 mm的条件下,对2套样品探测器灵敏度进行了测量,得到了1.25 MeV的γ射线灵敏度,实验值分别为4.65×10-22 C/MeV和4.59×10-22 C/MeV.该实验值与蒙特卡罗程序MCNP的计算值(4.70×10-22 C/MeV)相比,误差范围一致,在0.5～3.0 MeV能量区间,探测灵敏度的能量响应变化小于20%.实验证明:该探测器比薄窗结构真空康普顿探测器的灵敏度提高了60%,克服了薄窗探测器封装加工和静态真空保持的困难;保存使用期可达2年以上,达到了相对永久密封的目的,可应用于粒子注量率为1020 cm-2·s-1以上的强流脉冲γ射线测量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that