海拉尔盆地乌南凹陷南一段高伽马砂岩成因与识别

为了提高海拉尔盆地乌南凹陷高伽马砂岩测井岩性解释的准确性,采用岩心观察、显微镜下描述和测井曲线分析相结合的方法对高伽马砂岩的成因和识别方法进行探讨。对砂岩的补偿中子值进行分类以排除孔隙度对测井曲线的影响,再利用深侧向电阻率、微侧向电阻率和补偿密度交会识别高自然伽马砂岩。研究结果表明:影响砂岩自然伽马特征的因素有凝灰质、黏土、油、长石以及钙质;高自然伽马砂岩具有高钍或者高铀含量的特征;凝灰质导致钍富集,黏土导致铀、钍和钾均富集,油导致铀富集,长石导致钾富集,钙质导致铀含量降低;从凹陷边缘至凹陷中央影响砂岩高自然伽马因素依次为高凝灰质含量、高长石含量以及高黏土含量。     

贵州大河边矿煤显微组分解离规律及其分选

以贵州大河边矿煤为研究对象,确定了其在显微光学条件下煤岩显微组分的组成、赋存状态及含量特征,同时采用XRD衍射技术分析了原煤中矿物组成。通过对原煤的破碎解离,进而研究了壳质组、镜质组和惰质组在不同粒级的解离规律,在此基础上使用密度梯度离心的方法研究了显微组分的分选,并验证了超声辅助对分选效果的影响。结果表明:原煤中壳质组分布方式主要以片状、细脉状形式存在,与镜质组紧密连生,轮廓清晰;镜质组主要以团块状形式出现,具有明显内生裂纹;惰质组主要包括丝质体和半丝质体2大类,半丝质体单体粒度较小,部分具有鳞片状结构,丝质体细胞结构保存十分完好。各粒级显微组分单体解离度随着破碎程度的加深逐渐增大,其中破碎对镜质组和惰质组的解离效果更加明显,3种显微组分最佳解离粒度为0.125～0.074 mm。壳质组、镜质组和惰质组的最佳分选密度分别为-1.15,1.27～1.29,1.33～1.35 g·cm~(-3),超声辅助有利于提高壳质组的分选效果。     

川东北下三叠统飞仙关组裂缝测井识别与反演

裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层非均质性较强,单一应用某种测井资料对裂缝进行识别和评价往往满足不了精细描述的需要。经岩心观察与常规测井、成像测井资料对比,建立裂缝在测井资料上的识别特征和识别方法。利用深浅侧向电阻率(RLLD、RLLS)、补偿声波(AC)、补偿中子(CNL)、补偿密度(DEN)、自然伽马(GR)、无铀伽马(KTh)等测井响应特征与微电阻率扫描成像测井(FMI)图像特征进行裂缝识别,计算裂缝几何参数,评价裂缝有效性和发育程度,经实际对比应用,具有较好的效果。     

低孔低渗储层成岩相测井识别—以神木气田上古生界为例

以物性、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜等基础测试资料将神木气田山西组及太原组划分为5种成岩相类型,结合自然伽马、声波时差、中子、密度、电阻率测井资料,建立了测井响应与成岩相之间的对应模型。利用该模型对双34井进行单井成岩相划分,并通过铸体薄片资料对其准确性进行验证。根据成岩相测井识别结果,对本区其余开发井进行解释划分并绘制成岩相平面分布图。     

不同还原程度煤显微组分堆垛结构表征

采用X射线衍射法(XRD)对变质程度、煤岩组分相近但还原程度不同的平朔煤(较强还原性)、神东煤(较弱还原性)的镜质组和惰质组的堆垛结构特征进行表征,试图揭示还原程度对煤中不同显微组分堆垛结构的影响.结果表明,平朔惰质组与平朔镜质组相比较,前者的芳香微晶结构单元较大,芳香层片在空间的排列更规则,芳香度较大,即支链微晶含量较少;神东惰质组芳香微晶的尺寸和规整度均优于神东镜质组,但两者的芳香度却非常相近;平朔镜质组与神东镜质组的微晶结构参数基本接近;神东惰质组与平朔惰质组的差异主要表现为前者具有较少的芳香层数和较低的芳香度.高度无序组分即无定形碳的含量:平朔镜质组明显大于其惰质组,神东镜质组略大于其惰质组,神东镜质组略高于平朔镜质组,但神东惰质组明显高于平朔惰质组.较弱还原性神东煤的惰质组表现出具有相对较低的芳香度及较多的无定形碳,说明其含有较多的活性成分,神东惰质组的这种特性可能与其含有较多的半丝质体有关.     

神东煤镜质组和惰质组热解甲烷生成反应类型分析

采用等密度梯度离心分离方法,对神府东胜矿区马家塔露天煤矿2号煤层煤进行了镜质组和惰质组煤岩显微组分的分离富集。利用TG/MS对两种显微组分热解脱挥发分行为进行了升温速率为20℃/min条件下的测试,获得了热解甲烷生成的速率曲线,并对其热解生成特征进行了分析。采用分峰拟合的方法,将其分为6个峰,计算得到了各基元反应的动力学参数及其热解特征参数,认为神东煤镜质组和惰质组热解甲烷的生成由煤大分子裂解、缩聚过程中的6种反应所致。通过动力学分析,结合煤大分子的热解规律、热解过程中其它挥发分的逸出特征及相关模型化合物的量子化学计算结果,对热解甲烷生成的6种反应类型进行了具体分析。     

开滦煤显微组分结构特征与吸附CO的关系

为了研究开滦煤中显微组分(惰质组和镜质组)的微观结构和分子特征,利用离心分离技术,得到纯度较高的富镜质组和富惰质组煤样,并对其进行煤质分析、煤岩分析、孔径分布以及红外光谱分析,得出开滦煤中惰质组含量较高,孔隙结构发育,主要以过渡孔和微孔为主,占煤的总孔隙体积数的90%以上,对煤样吸附CO起主导作用;同时氧含量较高,其中含氧官能团羟基(—OH),尤其是酚羟基对煤吸附CO有较大影响,成功的解释了开滦煤层发生CO体积分数长期超标但未曾自燃的现象,     

四川盆地元坝地区下侏罗统介壳灰岩特征与识别

基于岩心和薄片观察、钻井分析、地震测井识别、多元统计等方法,分析了四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段一亚段(大一亚段)纯介壳灰岩和含泥介壳灰岩的储层特征及发育相带、地震测井响应特征和识别的方法。研究结果表明:纯介壳灰岩质地纯、厚度大、介壳破碎、重结晶作用强,发育于滩核、滩坡微相,储集空间以构造微裂缝为主,物性差,地震响应上表现为顶部强波峰连续反射,内部高阻抗,测井响应呈低伽马、高电阻率、低声波时差和高密度;含泥介壳灰岩泥质含量高、厚度薄、介壳完整,发育于滩缘、滩坡微相,储集空间主要为粒内、粒间微溶孔、次为壳内微裂缝,物性较好,地震响应上表现为顶部弱—中等波峰较连续反射,内部为中—较高阻抗,测井响应呈中伽马、中低电阻率、中声波时差、中低密度。基于电性差异,采用Fisher判别法能有效区分两者。     

煤显微组分表面含氧官能团的XPS分析

氧原子作为煤中最丰富的杂原子,C-O官能团的形态对煤的性质有重要影响。为了研究煤岩显微组分的含氧官能团,对手选高纯度镜质组和惰质组进行了XPS分析和化学计算。结果表明,煤岩组分的元素组成以C、O为主,含少量的N和无机矿物元素。其中的氧主要以-OH、-O-、COO-和SiO_2形式存在。C-C、C-H、C-O单键和COO-是碳的主要存在形式。镜质组中的脂肪族侧链和-OH基团较多;惰质组中-O-的原子浓度明显高于镜质组,而COO-略多于镜质组。镜质组表面总极性含氧官能团数量更多。研究结果有助于全面认识煤的结构和性质。     

沁东北15号煤显微组分对微裂隙的控制作用

煤层显微组分与微裂隙二元关系研究对煤层气开采具有潜在价值.通过对沁东北太原组15号煤宏观、电镜、物性等方面资料进行综合分析,对煤储层显微组分和微裂隙之间二元机理进行阐述,结果表明,基质有机显微组分可以产生张性裂隙和压性裂隙,而镜质组中的张性裂隙对煤层气扩散作用较大,惰质组中内生裂隙不太发育.该区渗透率呈现低渗——特低渗的原因主要是割理被脉状方解石填充以及粘土矿物的充填.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-