聚苯胺纳米管的制备及其导电性研究

采用氧化聚合的方法,在-20 ℃温度下,合成了聚苯胺纳米管.用SEM,TEM和IR等分析方法并采用四探针测定电导率等方法对产物进行表征,证明该产物为聚苯胺管,管径为20～30 nm,电导率为138 S/cm,大大高出其它方法制备的聚苯胺.实验表明:当盐酸浓度约为0.95 mol/L、过硫酸铵与苯胺的摩尔比约为1.0∶1.1时,经过8～12 h反应合成的聚苯胺纳米管成形完好、产率高、导电性能强.     

导电聚苯胺纳米纤维的快速制备及其导电性研究

以盐酸为掺杂剂,在苯胺单体氧化合成导电聚苯胺的聚合反应过程中,通过加入N-苯基对苯二胺,可以显著加快聚苯胺的合成反应速度,并提高聚苯胺的产率.经电子显微镜观察发现,生成的聚苯胺呈现出明显的纳米纤维形貌特征,直径约50 nm,长度可达微米.实验表明:聚苯胺的产率和电导率都是随着HCl浓度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,浓度1 mol/L的盐酸掺杂下合成的聚苯胺的电导率最大;在苯胺和酸浓度固定时,改变氧化剂过硫酸铵的量也会影响聚苯胺纳米纤维的产率和电导率,n(苯胺)∶n(过硫酸铵)=1∶1时,生成物聚苯胺的电导率最大.     

聚苯胺/涤纶导电复合纤维的制备

先将涤纶纤维在苯胺溶液中预浸泡,然后进行处理,再将纤维置于氧化剂的酸溶液中使苯胺在纤维上氧化聚合,同时进行掺杂制得聚苯胺/涤纶导电复合纤维。讨论了苯胺单体含量、掺杂酸浓度、氧化剂浓度、反应温度及时间对纤维导电性能的影响。实验表明,采用此法制得的导电纤维具有较高的聚苯胺含量和优良的导电性能,电导率达10~(-2)S/cm数量级。     

掺杂型聚苯胺导电防腐涂料的制备与研究

以苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,通过化学氧化法合成聚苯胺,并以其为导电填料,以环氧树脂为成膜物,制备出一种电导率在0.04-0.05 S/cm范围内的新型导电防腐涂料。讨论了氧化剂的用量、盐酸的浓度、反应时间和反应温度等对聚苯胺涂料导电性的影响以及在盐雾、酸性、碱性和油水条件下,其腐蚀情况和电导率的变化。结果表明:实验最佳制备条件为:氧化剂与苯胺的摩尔比1∶1,反应温度小于5℃,反应时间4 h,盐酸浓度为2 mol/L,聚苯胺的质量分数为15%~20%;除碱性条件外,导电聚苯胺防腐涂料在油水、盐雾和酸性条件下均具有良好的导电性和防腐蚀性能。     

SDBS掺杂聚苯胺的溶解性和防腐蚀性研究

用化学氧化聚合法合成易溶于有机溶剂的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)掺杂聚苯胺，研究反应温度对聚苯胺溶解性、SDBS和浓盐酸用量对聚苯胺溶解性和防腐蚀性的影响，并通过塔费尔曲线研究聚苯胺对A3钢防腐蚀性能的影响。结果发现，反应温度为10℃制备的聚苯胺在各有机溶液中的溶解性最大；SDBS与苯胺的质量比为2：1时，合成的聚苯胺具有较大的溶解性和防腐蚀性；浓盐酸用量为10ml时，能够获得有较大溶解性的聚苯胺，浓盐酸用量对聚苯胺的防腐性影响不大；聚苯胺涂层能使钢铁自然腐蚀电位正移150mV，钢铁腐蚀电流密度由10^-7A/cm^2变到10^-8A/cm^2，提高了钢铁的防腐蚀性能。     

沸石分子筛孔道中苯胺的电聚合行为

采用循环伏安法研究苯胺在 HY和丝光沸石分子筛孔道中的电氧化聚合行为 .结果表明 ,通过控制电位氧化苯胺聚合得到单一状态的纳米聚苯胺 ;苯胺在不同分子筛孔道中电氧化聚合的电位有较大差别 ,与 HY相比 ,苯胺在 H型丝光沸石分子筛孔道中的电氧化聚合需要提高氧化电位 (大于等于 0 .40 V)     

聚苯胺的化学合成、结构及导电性能

导电聚苯胺是结构和性能最稳定的导电高分子材料，有较广泛的应用前景。本实验用化学氧化合成方法，较系统地研究了氧化剂种类、用量、介质酸的浓度以及聚合反应温度等因素对苯胺聚合反应及产物性能的影响；找出了最适宜的合成反应条件和特殊的后处理工艺，并合成出了电导率高达３０．６５Ｓ／ｃｍ，收率达１２７．８％的高性能导电聚苯胺     

聚苯胺/聚苯乙烯共混膜的形态结构与导电性能研究

以苯胺为单体，过硫酸铵为氧化剂，三氯甲烷和水为反应介质，十二烷基苯磺酸为乳化剂和掺杂剂，进行乳液聚合，得到可溶性聚苯胺。将聚苯胺、聚苯乙烯共溶于二甲苯后制成共混膜，用广角X射线衍射、红外光谱、偏光显微镜分析了共混膜的相形态。结果表明：聚苯胺／聚苯乙烯为不相容体系，在聚苯胺含量低时，聚苯胺以多粒子分散相存在，此时共混膜电导率低，但随聚苯胺质量分数增加电导率迅速增大；在聚苯胺质量分数达到某一阀值(7．5％)后，聚苯胺开始形成连续相，此时共混膜电导率相对较大，但电导率随聚苯胺质量分数而增大的趋势减缓。     

反应条件对聚苯胺—邻甲氧基苯胺性能的影响

邻甲氧基苯胺与苯胺共聚能有效提高聚苯 溶解性和可加工性，所得的聚苯胺－邻甲氧基苯胺具有很好的电致变色性，通过考查单体摩尔配比、单体浓度、氧化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、酸度对聚苯胺－邻甲氧基苯胺性能的影响，得到了在苯胺与邻甲氧基苯胺摩尔配比为3：1时，制得溶解性和电致变色性都很好且产率较高的聚苯胺－邻甲氧基苯胺的较佳合成反应条件，用红外光谱表征了各聚合物的结构。     

铁氰化钾化学氧化聚苯胺刺状微球及其导电性能

采用配位化合物铁氰化钾作为氧化剂,利用化学氧化法制备水溶性较好、比表面积较大的聚苯胺刺状微球.考察不同种类氧化剂、氧化剂与单体比例等因素对产物形貌、电导率及产率的影响.通过FT-IR、XRD、SEM等测试技术表征合成产物.结果表明:在室温条件下,铁氰化钾/苯胺的物质的量比为1.4∶1,电导率最高达0.25 S/cm.在...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.