具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

苹果园植被多样化在果树害虫持续治理中的作用

笔者于1997年至1999年对4个不同类型苹果园进行了系统调查研究,结果表明,在植被多样化的生草园,主要捕食性天敌的平均虫口密度为0．38头／枝,分别是免耕园、清耕稀植园和清耕密植园的3．4倍、2．7倍和1．8倍;寄生性天敌的寄生率达63．5％,分别是免耕园、清耕稀植园和清耕密植园的1．4倍、16．7倍和18．1倍;生草园在未施用任何杀虫、杀螨剂的情况下,树冠上害虫的平均虫口密度均低于免耕园、清耕稀植园和清耕密植园,其比值,蚜虫为1：1．1：18：1．62：1．99,叶螨为1：4．27：2．78：7．22,金纹细蛾为1：1．70：50：4．10。同时,果园植被多样化后地面植被上和树冠上天敌逐年增加,益害比大大提高,从而,天敌的自然控制作用可有效地控制果树次生害虫的危害。     

电力系统动态模拟及其应用综述

电力系统动态模拟也称电力系统物理模拟,是进行电力系统分析和研究的重要方法之一．电力系统的研究方法和其他领域一样,主要采用理论分析和试验研究．本主要介绍电力系统物理模拟的基本原理、模拟理论和物理模拟的内容、特点以及在电力系统研究中的应用。     

文艺理论研究的崭新命题与成果——评张利群的《文艺制度论》

《文艺制度论》对中国文艺制度的历时性建构、文艺制度的理论构成和文艺评价制度的建设等一系列重要问题进行了系统的研究,并对当今我国文艺制度的改革提出建设性的意见。这部专著填补了长期以来文艺制度理论全面系统研究的空白,构建了相对完整的文艺制度理论研究体系,呈现出开拓性、学理性和实用性等特色,具有文艺制度理论建构与文艺制度建设实践指导的双重价值与意义。     

河曲发电厂HVAC自控系统的设计

详细介绍了河曲发电厂HVAC自控系统的设计方法，阐述了热交换系统、制冷系统、空调机组系统、通风系统的监控功能和原理及系统集成方法，并简述了直接数字式控制系统（DDC）在电厂HVAC自控系统中的应用。     

线性控制系统的半稳定问题

本文指出,对于以通常的稳定性判据(例如Routh判据)判断为不稳定的线性自动控制系统,其中有可能包含稳定运动。作者把这种既包含稳定运动、又包含不稳定运动、且以通常稳定性判据判定为不稳定的系统,称为半稳定系统,并在一定的范围内指出了半稳定系统存在的条件,以及线性系统运动的稳定性和系统的稳定性所存在的不一致性。     

关于系统调用的发展研究综述

我国近年来在系统调用方面的研究有了很大发展,其中在原理方面的成果主要有：系统调用的内核具体实现机制和系统调用与安全性;在应用方面的有：系统调用与操作系统安全,系统调用与入侵检测,系统调用与计算机免疫和系统调用与反病毒技术。     

基于制度变迁理论的大连市出租车行业治理研究

基于制度变迁理论,以大连市出租车行业为样本,描述和分析了大连市出租车行业制度变迁的概况、特征及其诱因。在此基础上,对出租车行业制度安排的实施进行了历时分析,认为制度构建失灵的原因在于缺乏有效行动团体,制度收益水平较低,制度创新能力不足和路径依赖的制约。最后针对存在的问题,提出要制定切实可行的制度变迁方案,包括降低制度运行成本、提高适应效率、优化制度环境、加强制度创新能力,以及正视路径依赖对制度变迁的影响。     

IPAD版酒店订房系统设计

通过对一些移动端系统及现有的酒店订房系统的分析,利用Xcode5.0作为开发环境,以IOS7.0SDK作为基础框架,开发了一个包括订房、订餐、账单管理、地图、旅游等在内的IPAD版酒店订房系统,测试表明,该系统操作简单、便捷。     

浅析高阶控制系统的校正方法

自动控制系统的难点就是对高阶复杂系统的方程线性化,从而实现控制,利用主导极点与偶极子的性质可以将高阶系统近似为一阶、二阶系统来分析,实现高阶系统的有效校正,实验结果符合控制要求。     

X86体系中保护模式下的内存访问机制

保护模式是X86体系结构的一种重要的工作方式，为在X86平台上实现的多任务、多进程操作系统提供了相应的硬件支持，在计算机的庥层开发过程中，了解计算机体系结构中的主要部件－内存的工作方式是及其重要的，文章介绍了当前较流行的微机体系结构－X86系统中的内存的组织、管理、和访问机制，分析了X86在保护模式下分段机制、分页机制中的一些主要的数据结构和相应的确件支持，并详细描述了分段机制中逻辑地址到线性地址的转换，分页机制中虚拟地址的转换过程。通过分页和分段机制，可以实现多进程操作系统中的进程独立的地址空间，以及对操作系统中内存的保护措施，从而及时而有效地防止了因内存的非法访问而导致的系统崩溃。