成核剂改性聚丙烯的性能

采用熔融共混法制备了成核剂390与成核剂NX8000改性聚丙烯(PP),并利用电子万能试验机、DSC、POM、雾度计、SEM等表征手段对改性PP的力学性能、结晶行为、透明性及断面形态进行了对比研究.结果表明:与纯PP相比,成核剂390或成核剂NX8000改性PP的结晶速率明显提高,结晶温度和结晶度分别提高了7.7、7.8,℃和26.1%、27.4%;改性PP除断裂伸长率略有下降外,拉伸强度、弯曲强度及模量、冲击强度均明显提高;加入成核剂390或成核剂NX8000均能明显降低PP的雾度,后者比前者效果更好.     

铝系新型聚丙烯成核剂的制备及表征

利用苯甲酸、硬脂酸、对叔丁基苯甲酸与铝酸异丙酯,制备了新型的聚丙烯成核剂AlB,AlY和AlD.利用TG考察了成核剂的热稳定性,采用广角X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其改性聚丙烯的结晶性能进行了表征,并测试了其维卡温度和力学性能.结果表明,成核剂AlB,AlY和AlD的加入诱导PP以α晶型结晶,PP/AlY,PP/AlB和PP/AlD的冲击强度由纯PP的9.43 kJ/m2分别提高到30.13,24.06和29.83 kJ/m2,且拉伸强度和弯曲强度都略有提高.DSC分析和维卡软化点测试可以看出,成核剂AlD,AlB提高了PP的结晶温度和结晶度,AlY使PP的结晶温度提高,但结晶度略有下降.     

负载型β-成核剂对PP结晶与熔融行为的影响

 采用纳米CaCO₃作为载体制备了负载型β-成核剂及其β-成核-PP,用DSC和XRD研究了载体纳米CaCO₃用量和负载型β-成核剂用 量对成核PP结晶与熔融行为和β-PP含量的影响,并与传统β-成核剂庚二酸钙（CaHA）成核PP比较。结果表明,负载型β-成核剂比β -成核剂CaHA成核PP具有高的结晶温度,负载型β-成核剂成核PP结晶温度随其用量增加而提高,但随载体用量增加而降低。负载型 β-晶成核剂β-成核作用高于CaHA成核剂,β-PP含量达90％以上;且负载型β-晶成核剂成核PP的β-PP含量受成核剂用量和成核剂中载 体用量影响不大。     

二苯基亚膦酸-2,4-二叔丁基苯酚酯的合成及其在聚烯烃中的抗氧化性能研究

以二苯基氯化膦、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为原料,三乙胺为缚酸剂合成了一种新型抗氧化剂二苯基亚膦酸-2,4-二叔丁基苯酚酯(DPBP)。研究了DPBP的抗水解性、热稳定性和抗氧化性(以AO1010为主抗氧化剂组成抗氧化体系),并与广泛应用的商品化产品AO 168作了对比。结果表明:与AO168相比,DPBP热稳定性略低,但仍适合常规聚烯烃的加工使用。多次挤出熔融指数(MFI)、黄变指数(YI)和1次挤出样品的老化(LTHA)研究表明:DPBP改性的PP表现出更高的加工稳定性;DPBP在提高PP的耐黄变和耐热老化方面表现优异。通过DPBP的水解和抗氧化机理分析,解析了DPBP具有较好的抗氧化效果的原因。     

磷酸盐与山梨醇类成核剂成核PP样品等温结晶行为与熔融特性

用差动扫描量热计（DSC）研究了一种有机磷酸盐类成核剂（A）、山梨醇类成核剂（D）成核PP和纯PP的等温结晶行为和熔融特性。结果表明成核样品缩短PP的半结晶时间，成核型A比D更明显；纯PP样品的半结晶时间正比于结晶温度，而成核PP的半结晶时间与结晶温度的关系在结晶温度低时，依赖性较纯PP的小，而在高结晶温度，半结晶时间对结晶温度的依赖性比较PP的大。成核剂的加入使PP结晶完善性提高，且熔融峰发生改变，熔融峰高温区出现一肩峰；而纯PP在低温区有一很宽的肩峰。根据半结晶时间，2种成核剂的成核效果为A＞D，与非等温结晶的结果一致。     

光稳定剂3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯甲酸-2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯的合成

研究了以3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯甲酸和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为原料,SOCl2为酰化试剂,一锅法合成光稳定剂3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯甲酸-2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯的工艺.通过实验考察了投料比、温度及酰化试剂用量对反应的影响,确定了较佳的工艺条件:3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯甲酸与2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的物质的量比为1∶1.1;酰化剂SOCl2与3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯甲酸的物质的量比为1.2∶1;反应温度为70℃;反应时间为11 h.还考察了结晶溶剂的种类、用量和温度对产品质量和收率的影响,得到了较佳的结晶工艺条件:V(正丁醇)/m(初产物)为1.4 m L/g;结晶温度为25℃.产品总收率可达83.0%.     

PP/苯乙烯系聚合物共混物中的β-成核剂作用的研究*

 该文采用负载型β-成核剂成核PP分别与PS、AS、ABS共混制备了β-PP共混物。用DSC和WAXD研究了苯乙烯系聚合物对β-成核PP中的β-成核作用的影响和β-PP共混物的结晶行为、结晶形态、熔融特性和β-晶含量。观察到随着苯乙烯系聚合物用量增加,β-成核PP的结晶温度稍有降低,尤其ABS。苯乙烯系聚合物加入不影响β-成核PP的熔融特性,呈现三个熔融峰。β-成核PP共混物的β-晶含量随着苯乙烯系聚合物用量增加而降低,但可得到β-晶含量高于80%以上β-PP共混物。     

蒙脱土/聚丙烯成核机理的α→β转变

蒙脱土(MMT)填充等规聚丙烯(i PP)仅形成α-晶。该文利用MMT的Ca2+与庚二酸(PA)反应形成庚二酸钙(Ca PA)制备了表面负载β-成核剂的MMT(β-MMT),FTIR和TGA证实了β-MMT表面Ca PA的形成。采用DSC和XRD研究了β-MMT填充i PP纳米复合材料的β-成核作用和β-晶含量,观察到随着MMT/PA质量比减小(即PA用量增加),i PP复合材料的结晶峰温提高,α-晶熔融峰强逐渐减弱,β-晶熔融峰强逐渐增强,最后仅出现β-晶熔融单峰,表明β-成核作用增强。XRD结果表明随着MMT/PA质量比减小,β-晶含量逐步提高,当MMT/PA质量比为100制备的β-MMT填充i PP纳米复合材料全部形成β-晶。以上结果表明,MMT粒子表面负载β-成核剂可实现MMT填充i PP复合材料结晶从α-晶转变为β-晶。     

改性超支化聚酯抑尘剂的合成及其性能

以N,N-二羟乙基-3-胺丙酸甲酯为单体,利用硬脂酸对其进行改性,制得含长链烷基的改性单体;以季戊四醇为核合成了二代超支化聚酯,向二代超支化聚酯中加入一定比例的单体和改性单体,合成了改性超支化聚酯抑尘剂。结果表明,单体改性的最佳条件为:反应温度130℃,催化剂用量1.00%,反应时间2.5h;改性超支化聚酯抑尘剂的最佳合成工艺为:改性比1∶6,催化剂用量1.00%,反应温度130℃,反应时间2.5h。通过对其抑尘性能的研究发现,该抑尘剂易于溶解,保水性好,抑尘效率高,无腐蚀性,在抑尘领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

间歇法合成2，4—二叔丁基苯酚的反应规律研究

以甲基叔丁基醚（为烷化剂,在间歇式反应器中研究了苯酚烷基化反应合成2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的反应规律,结果表明,在强酸性阳离子交换树脂的催化下,反应可以在较温和的条件下顺利进行,虽然2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的单程收率受到热力学平衡的限制,但利用副产物间的歧化反应可以打破平衡限制,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的总收率可以达到约95%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of