美国与政治伊斯兰的恩怨情仇

<正>"阿拉伯之春"爆发后,随着突尼斯伊斯兰复兴党、埃及穆斯林兄弟会、摩洛哥正义与发展党等伊斯兰党派通过选举上台,"政治伊斯兰"一词频频出现在新闻报道中。何为政治伊斯兰?政治伊斯兰(political Islam)是一种宗教性的政治思潮和运动,埃及穆兄会创始人哈桑·班纳将掌握政治权力视为伊斯兰教的基本要素,使政治性成为此类组织和运动区别于其他伊斯兰运动的本质特征。学术界有关政治伊斯兰的定义较多,但主流观点认为其本质是被用来实现某种政治目的的伊斯兰,即将伊斯兰教作为     

阿拉伯学者关于政治伊斯兰的三个关键词

正今年是中东地区国家的"选举年",埃及、土耳其、突尼斯、黎巴嫩、伊拉克等相继举行了不同形式的选举。其中,土耳其正义与发展党在议会选举中获胜;突尼斯伊斯兰复兴运动党在地方选举中占据上风;黎巴嫩真主党及其政治盟友在议会选举中拿下超过半数议席……"阿拉伯之春"爆发后,政治伊斯兰力量一度势头强劲,在多个国家上台执政,成为一支影响国家和地区政治格局的重要力量。但在2013年前后,突尼斯、埃及、利比亚等国已     

喧嚣的中东:会全面伊斯兰化吗

中东政治伊斯兰化的另一面实际上是伊斯兰力量的世俗化。世俗化和伊斯兰化仍然是中东政治光谱的两个主轴,只是二者从过去相互排斥与斗争的两条平行线走向了交叉与融合。     

土耳其军人政治的纵剖面

埃及军方在日前政局变化中的上下其手,使众多分析家猜测埃及可能会走上与土耳其类似的老路,可是土耳其的老路究竟是怎样的呢?自2010年底开始持续至今的中东剧变,已经把中东地区拖入新的动荡、转型、重塑时期,土耳其以其独特的"伊斯兰+民主"模式成为众多阿拉伯国家谋求政治变革的模     

瓦哈卜思想的产生与影响

18世纪,瓦哈卜依靠沙特家族,掀起了一场"复兴运动",旨在纯洁伊斯兰教,复兴穆斯林社会,他继承了伊本.泰米叶的改革思想,尊崇罕百里教法学派和圣训学派。瓦哈卜思想的产生是为了应对来自多方面的挑战,既有来自伊斯兰哲学、苏非主义、什叶派的挑战,也有西方世界的威胁。他反对关于安拉属性的讨论,反对任何形式的"中介",主张重启"创制"之门,重申"陶赫德",区分认主独一与拜主独一,严禁任何形式的以物配主。这是伊斯兰教的一次自我修正,它开辟出了一条以宗教改革带动国家进步的发展模式,对现代伊斯兰主义的产生有着深远的影响,今仍为沙特阿拉伯国教,影响着中东局势的发展。     

两种轨道:阿拉伯的选择

纵观阿拉伯世界的发展历程,有一个非常有意思的双轨现象:一个是从假共和到真共和的迈进,一个是从绝对君主到君主立宪、再到象征性君主的演变。这两种道路都可能成功,但前者走得肯定比较艰辛。在阿拉伯地区,存在一个永远难以协调的权威问题。推翻君主、建立共和,意味着一切重头来,肯定会遭遇伊斯兰宗教势力的挑战,最后在宗教势力和军人的博弈中走向体制权威,比如埃及和土耳其。在这类国家中,军人的世俗权威和伊斯兰的宗教权     

伊斯兰恐怖主义起源分析的文化维度——伊斯兰恐怖主义与中东和平系列之一

“文明冲突论”不能很好地分析伊斯兰恐怖主义的起源；伊斯兰恐怖主义作为一种文化现象，其形成具有特殊的政治、经济、社会和文化根源，是它们相互作用的结果，也与历史和外部环境有关。     

政治伊斯兰的“春天”到了?

政治伊斯兰运动的兴起不是偶然的,也不是"昙花一现"的。中东大变局势必会在原有政治结构上打开缺口,为政治伊斯兰运动的发展创造有利条件。时至今日,始自2011年年初的动荡仍在中东地区蔓延发酵。在强人政治行将结束之际,谁将成为未来中东最有     

达尔富尔冲突：伊斯兰教惹的祸？

伊斯兰教与政治的关系非常密切，在达尔富尔冲突上只要有人稍加“引导”，未来伊斯兰教也许会真的成为冲突继续发展的一个重要因素。     

美土领导人举行会谈

<正>5月16日美国总统特朗普与到访的土耳其总统埃尔多安举行会谈。特朗普当天在会谈后发表电视讲话说,美国和土耳其是长期盟友,两国一直有着非常好的关系。当前两国正携手应对恐怖主义这一共同敌人,美方支持土耳其打击包括"伊斯兰国"和库尔德工人党在内的恐怖组织。埃尔多安表示,希望此次会谈能为两国关系开启新的篇章。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~